JPS6140492B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a multi-tasking machine tool that performs turning, milling, drilling, etc. with one machine. In particular, a machine commonly referred to as a turning center that can perform milling, drilling, etc. in one-chuck operation based on turning is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Application No. 53-130329 ``Compound Machining Turning Machine Tool.'' However, machines with conventional configurations were designed for relatively short workpieces, mainly chuck machining, and supplementary milling, milling, etc. were performed on workpieces that were mainly turned. In other words, turning is performed on a rotatable workpiece using a fixed tool installed in the tool post, and in the case of milling or drilling, the workpiece is positioned and fixed at a predetermined angular position, and a rotatable tool is installed on the tool post. This is done by installing tools. In this case, the workpiece is machined in a continuous motion without being removed from the chuck.

Therefore, the machinable range of the workpiece is limited to the normal chuck machining range, and machining of the gripping portion of the chuck of the workpiece is impossible in a one-chuck state. In order to be able to machine this part, it is necessary to remove the workpiece from the chuck, change its orientation, and chuck it again. However, in this case, the shape of the chuck pawl must be changed, the center of the workpiece must be aligned with the center of rotation of the chuck, and the setup is time consuming and accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Machines generally do not do this. In addition, it is difficult to properly hold the workpiece, especially for long or large workpieces, and therefore the workpieces that are applied to conventional machines are relatively simple workpieces that are mainly used for chuck machining. was aimed at.

The present invention is intended to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and is constructed with the following objects.

The first objective is to provide a base, a sliding body slidably provided on the base, and a column that slides on the sliding body in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding body. , a spindle head slidably loaded on the column perpendicular to the movements of the sliding body and the column; a tool spindle rotatably incorporated in the spindle head; and a tool spindle provided on the spindle head. a tool changer for selectively inserting a rotating tool or a fixing tool into the tool spindle; a spindle fixing device for stopping rotation of the tool spindle during turning; and a spindle fixing device for stopping rotation of the tool spindle during turning; A headstock mounted and fixed at a separate position, a workpiece spindle rotatably incorporated in the headstock perpendicular to the tool spindle axis, and a workpiece spindle provided in the headstock for indexing and fixing the workpiece spindle. a base slidably mounted on the base parallel to the workpiece spindle axis; and a tailstock shaft provided on the base in alignment with the workpiece spindle axis. a tailstock, which is rotatably mounted on the base between the tailstock and the headstock, and whose rotation axis is orthogonal to the workpiece spindle axis, and which is connected to the tool spindle; By constructing a table that is fastened and fixed on the base when angularly positioned to allow machining relative to each other, it can be used not only for short workpieces, but also for long workpieces that use a tailstock, and large pieces with flange surfaces. To provide a machine tool that is capable of not only turning but also milling, drilling, etc., by automatically transferring the workpiece between the chuck on the workpiece spindle and the fixing device on the table in the case of valves, etc. It is in.

The second purpose is to provide a table that can be indexed and rotated between the workpiece spindle and the tailstock, and to fix the workpiece on the table and make it possible to change the orientation of the workpiece. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a machine tool that is capable of milling, drilling, etc. on workpieces located at angular positions.

Machining of long workpieces, in which one end of the workpiece is gripped by the chuck of the workpiece spindle and the other end is supported by the tailstock, is mainly done by peripheral turning, and so-called lathes have traditionally been used solely for this purpose. It is well known that there is. However, it is not possible to process the gripping part or support part of the workpiece, and currently these parts are processed as secondary processing using other machines. In reality, milling and drilling of the outer periphery or end face of the workpiece are also performed using other specialized machines. In other words, after turning, if you want to carve a keyway on the outer periphery of the workpiece or drill bolt holes on the end face, the workpiece must be removed from the machine and machined with another machine. The reality is that the process has to be divided by machine. Therefore, it takes a lot of setup time to attach the workpiece to the machine, which is inefficient. The present invention resides in a structure in which a series of the above-mentioned processes, ie, turning, milling, drilling, etc., can be performed efficiently with one machine. Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9.

FIGS. 1 and 2 show the overall configuration of this embodiment. A saddle (sliding body) 2 is placed on a first bed 1 so as to be slidable in the left-right direction (X direction) in FIG. The saddle 2 is driven by a servo motor via a ball screw (not shown). The saddle 2 is mounted on the saddle 2.
A column 3 is slidably mounted perpendicular to the sliding direction (Z direction). The column 3 is driven by a servo motor 4 via a ball screw (not shown). The column has a sliding surface 5 on the side surface, and a spindle head 6 is loaded on the sliding surface 5 and is slid in the vertical direction (Y direction) via a ball screw 8 by a servo motor 7. Further, a counterweight is provided to balance the drive of the spindle head 6 in the vertical direction. (not shown)
A tool spindle 9 is rotatably incorporated into the spindle head 6 in alignment with the sliding direction (Z direction) of the column 3.

Further, on the spindle head 6, there is mounted a tool exchange device consisting of a tool storage magazine 10 in which a plurality of tools are arranged and stored in a loop, and a tool exchange arm 11 that attaches tools from the tool storage magazine 10 to the tool spindle 9. has been done. The basic structure of the tool changer is disclosed in the earlier application filed by the same applicant in 1973.
128395 ``Elevated Tool Storage Magazine''. That is, a magazine in which a plurality of tool holders (tool pots) are arranged in a closed loop is provided above the main body of the tool changer, and one of the tool holders containing a built-in tool holder that requires replacement is indexed to a tool change preparation position. When the tool holder is opened, the tool holder is arranged in a horizontal position so that the tool can be replaced. A feature of the present invention is that the tool storage magazine 10 is configured to store a tool holder for turning in addition to a tool holder for milling or a tool holder for drilling as seen in machining centers. Therefore, the tool spindle 9
In contrast, both tools can be selectively attached to and detached from the same tool storage magazine via the tool exchange arm 11. Regarding this relationship, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 130329 ``Combined machining turning machine tool'' has a similar configuration.

The tool spindle 9 is rotatably supported and driven in milling, drilling, etc.
In the case of turning, the tool spindle 9 is fixed so as not to rotate. For this reason, a spindle fixing device is provided. (described later), therefore, switching between milling and turning is automatically performed.

Next, a second bed 12 is arranged parallel to the first bed 1 along the sliding surface of the first bed 1. A headstock 13 is fixed on the second bed 12. The headstock 13
A workpiece spindle 14 is rotatably incorporated therein. A chuck 15 for gripping the workpiece is attached to the tip of the workpiece spindle 14 on the processing area side. Further, the workpiece main shaft 14 is configured to be able to be indexed and positioned at a required angular position.

Therefore, in the case of turning, the workpiece spindle 14 maintains a rotating state, but in the case of milling, etc., the workpiece spindle 14 is indexed and positioned at a required angular position and fixed so as not to rotate, as described above.

Next, a base 16 is placed on the second bed 12 on the processing area side so as to be slidable in the left-right direction in FIG. 1, that is, parallel to the sliding direction of the saddle 2.

A tailstock 17 having a tailstock shaft held parallel to the sliding direction of the base and aligned with the axis of the workpiece spindle 14 is further slidably mounted on the base 16. There is. The tailstock 17 is used when the workpiece is long, and is moved from the standby position to the chuck side to support one end of the workpiece with the tailstock shaft. During workpiece removal preparation work or in the case of chuck work, the tailstock 17 retreats to the right side in FIG. An example of a tailstock in which the tailstock can be automatically retracted is disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application No. 54-24017 ``Tail stock with moving device''.

The tailstock 17 must be completely fixed at the end of its movement, and must have a sufficient movement length on the base 16 to perform a retraction operation. The tailstock structure of the present invention is constructed based on this principle.

On the other hand, an indexable table 18 is provided on the base 16 between the headstock 13 and the tailstock 17.
The structure of the table 18 is shown in FIG. The indexing axis of the table 18 intersects the axis of the workpiece spindle 14 at right angles. In this embodiment, the table 1
The workpiece mounting surface 8 constitutes a horizontal plane and is therefore angularly positioned in the horizontal direction when said table 18 performs an indexing movement. Further, inside the base 16, a cylinder 19 for fastening and fixing the table 18 to the base 16 is fixed to the lower surface of the base 16. A piston 20 is fitted into the cylinder 19 so as to be slidable in the vertical direction. A shaft 21 is vertically inserted into the center of the piston 20, and the piston 20 is held at both upper and lower end surfaces by bearings 22 and 23 relative to the shaft 21, and although it rotates relatively, it cannot rotate in the axial direction. It is regulated without deviation.

Furthermore, the upper part of the shaft 21 is a flange part 2.
4, and is bolted to the lower surface of the table 18 with its axis aligned. Therefore, the shaft 21 and the table 18 operate as one. Furthermore, since the shaft 21 is fitted and supported by a support 25 fixed to the upper surface of the base 16 so as to be freely slidable in the axial direction, the shaft 21 does not shift in position in the horizontal direction. On the other hand, a joint 26 is attached to the lower end surface of the table 18 and faces a joint 27 attached to the base 16. The table 18 is accurately positioned and fixed to the base 16 via the pair of joints 26 and 27. A central portion of the shaft 21 forms a spline 28;
The worm wheel 31 is fitted into a spline hole of a worm wheel 31 supported by bearings 29 and 30 inside the base 16.

The worm wheel 31 is connected to the bearing 2
9 and 30 restrict vertical movement and engage with the worm 32 at a fixed position, and are rotatably driven by a motor (not shown) connected to the worm 32. The table 18 is constructed as described above and operates as follows. First, a machined workpiece or an unprocessed tool is gripped by a chuck and firmly attached and fixed on a table, and then the base 16 is positioned at a predetermined position (moved in a direction away from the chuck side), and then the piston 20 is rises while supporting the shaft 21. The table 18 at the rising end
The joints 26 and 27 of the base 16 are disengaged and can rotate. The table 18 performs a predetermined angle indexing operation based on the detection signal of the rising end, and when the position is determined and the rotation stops, the piston 2
0 descends, and the joints 26 and 27 engage again and are firmly fastened. When the worm wheel 31 determines its rotational position, a confirmation signal is obtained from a limit switch 34 attached to the outer wall of the base 16 via a dock 33 attached to the outer periphery of the worm wheel 31. The limit switch 34 consists of a plurality of signal systems, and the limit switch 34 is composed of a plurality of signal systems, and
Sends signals such as deceleration commands and stop confirmations.

As described above, the table 18 firmly fixes a workpiece and is used particularly for machining using a rotating tool such as milling. Next, during turning, the tool spindle 9 of the spindle head 6 must be firmly fixed without rotating. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 show the above relationship.

The tool spindle 9 has a bearing 3 in the spindle head 6.
5, 36, and 37 so as to be rotatable. A disk-shaped plate 38 is keyed and fixed to the rear part of the tool spindle 9 in the same line as the gear 39. A detection piece 40 is provided at one location on the outer periphery of the plate 38, and a contactless switch 41 is provided facing each other across the detection piece 40.
The mounting position of the detection piece 40 in the angular direction is determined so that the turning tool can perform cutting.

On the other hand, a spindle fixing device 42 is provided at the front end of the spindle head 6 (left side in FIG. 5) for firmly fixing the tool spindle 10 after its rotational position is determined.

The main shaft fixing device 42 is composed of a cylinder 43 and a piston 44, and one end rod 45 of the piston 44 is adapted to engage with a groove 46 carved in the outer circumference of the tool main shaft 9 in the axial direction.

Therefore, when the rotation angle position of the tool spindle 9 is determined by the operation of the detection piece 40, the spindle fixing device 4
2 operates, and the rod 45 pops out and is inserted and pressed into the groove 46 of the tool spindle 9 to prevent rotational movement of the tool spindle 9. The three spindle fixing devices 42 are arranged at equal intervals to firmly fix the tool spindle 9.

The mounting position and number of the spindle fixing devices 42 are not limited to this embodiment.

Placing the spindle fixing device on the front end side of the tool spindle 9 shortens the distance between the fixing position and the cutting edge position of the turning tool, which is effective in increasing the rigidity of the turning tool system. It is true.

Next, an example of machining a workpiece will be described.

When turning a workpiece fixed on a table after first milling it, it is necessary to machine the part to be gripped by the chuck, but the chuck gripping part must be machined by the rotary tool of the tool spindle. It is possible to process things. For example, workpiece A in Figure 7
Process the part.

Further, the portion supported by the tailstock shaft can be treated in the same manner. Next, when the table is turned 90 degrees and the same workpiece is to be turned, the jaws of the chuck are opened from the inside to the outside in section A to grip the workpiece.
If necessary, the B part is supported by a tailstock spindle and turned. An embodiment of a fixing device for attaching a workpiece to a table is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.

In the figure, a base 47 is fixed on the table 18, and a presser plate 49 is attached to the base 47 to restrict vertical movement of a pedestal 48 that supports a workpiece. The pedestal 48 is set so that the center of the workpiece coincides with the center of rotation of the workpiece main shaft 14 when it is at the rising end. The pedestal 48
The raising operation is performed by hydraulic pressure, and pressure oil is sent to an oil passage bored in the piston portion 47' provided on the base 47, and the pedestal 48 is raised along the holding plate 49, and the abutment surface 49 is raised. ', and the vertical position is determined. On the other hand, a cylinder 80 is held at the other end of the base 47.
It is swingably supported by a pin 51 fixed to the stay part 47''.
A lever 53 is swingably provided at the upper part of the 7'' via a pin 56. At one end of the lever 53, a clamper 54 for fixing the workpiece is attached via a pin 55 to equalize the workpiece. A connecting member 58 fixed to a rod portion 57' of a piston 57 provided in the cylinder 50 is engaged with the central portion of the lever 53 via a pin 56, and the connecting member 58 The member 58 is held between the two levers 53. Therefore, with the above structure, the workpiece is fixed downward by the clamper 54 at the upper side and by the hydraulic action of the pressure oil cylinder 50.
The lower part of the workpiece is held down by the pedestal 48, and the upper part is firmly fixed to the table 1 by the clamper 54.
It will be fixed on 8. If turning is to be performed after finishing milling, drilling, etc., the workpiece is inserted into the chuck 15 in the direction shown in FIG. If the tailstock is moved to the workpiece side to support the workpiece and the chuck 15 grips the workpiece, it is ready for turning. When the pedestal 48 releases its support, the workpiece descends by the X dimension, which is set within the grasping stroke of the claw of the chuck 15 and the misalignment that allows the tailstock shaft to be inserted into the workpiece. Ru. Next, if turning is to be performed first, fix the workpiece after turning to the table using the chuck 15 while holding it in the chuck 15, and then
release. Therefore, the workpiece is fixed on the table in the same state as during turning. Since the center position is the same as during turning, the workpiece can then be turned around and drilled, for example, for holes in the flange surface C (FIG. 7).

According to the present invention, any machining order may be used and is selected depending on the shape of the workpiece and the like.

As mentioned above, the present invention is a highly efficient machine that can process all kinds of workpieces with one machine, and is configured to be easy to set up.

As described above, the present invention is not limited to the configurations shown in the embodiments, and modifications are expected without departing from the technical idea of the present invention as described in the claims.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an overall front view showing an embodiment of the machine tool of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a right side view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a partial front view showing the workpiece turned 90 degrees. Figure 4 is a sectional view showing the table drive mechanism;
Figure 5 is a sectional view showing the tool spindle fixing device;
The figure is a left side view of Fig. 5, Fig. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a workpiece installed on a table, Fig. 8 is a configuration diagram showing a fixing device for attaching a workpiece on a table, and Fig. 9 The figure is a left side view of Figure 8. In the figure, 1...first bed, 2...saddle, 3...column, 6...spindle head, 9...tool spindle, 11...
Tool exchange arm, 12...Second bed, 13...
... Headstock, 14... Workpiece spindle, 16... Base, 17... Tailstock, 18... Table, 19...
... Cylinder, 31 ... Worm wheel, 38
... plate, 42 ... fixing device, 44 ... piston, 47 ... base, 48 ... pedestal, 50 ...
Cylinder, 53... lever, 54... clamper.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A base, a sliding body slidably provided on the base, a column that slides on the sliding body in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding body, and a column that slides on the sliding body on the column. a spindle head slidably loaded perpendicular to the movement of the column and the movement of the column; a tool spindle rotatably incorporated in the spindle head; and a tool provided on the spindle head for rotating the tool spindle. or a tool changer for selectively inserting a fixing tool; a spindle fixing device for stopping the rotation of the tool spindle during turning; a workpiece spindle rotatably incorporated in the headstock perpendicular to the tool spindle axis; an angular positioning device provided on the headstock for indexing and fixing the workpiece spindle; a base slidably placed on a table in parallel with the workpiece spindle axis; a tailstock having a tailstock provided on the base in alignment with the workpiece spindle axis; and the tailstock; a table located between the stand and the headstock and rotatably placed on the base; and a rotary table provided integrally with the table and perpendicular to the workpiece spindle axis. a table indexing and positioning device provided on the base that rotates a shaft to index and position the table to a machinable position relative to the tool spindle; A machine tool consisting of a workpiece fixing device that tightens and fixes the workpiece so that it aligns with the spindle axis.