JPS6142078B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a new and effective method and apparatus for constructing underground structures by advancing a tunneling machine having a cylindrical shield underground.

Conventional methods for constructing various underground structures by advancing tunneling machines underground include propulsion methods, semi-shield construction methods, shield construction methods, open shield construction methods, towing construction methods, and self-propelled advancement construction methods. There is a structure construction method (tunnel construction method), but if the earth cover is shallow and underground buried objects are parallel to or adjacent to the vertical and transverse directions, or are located above the underground structure, the above-mentioned conventional tunnel construction methods cannot be used. There is a disadvantage that construction cannot be carried out due to obstacles, and it is necessary to change the construction method, change the structure construction route, or relocate underground objects, which has the disadvantage that both the construction period and construction cost are excessive.

In addition, especially in the case of the open shield construction method, the width of the open shield machine is larger than the width of the underground structure, which requires a large amount of excavation and occupancy of the road surface width, which has the disadvantage of interfering with road traffic. If there are underground objects in the longitudinal and transverse directions above the underground structure to be constructed, construction will become impossible and the construction method will have to be changed or the underground structure relocated or route changed, which will increase the construction period and cost. There are drawbacks.

The present invention eliminates many of the above-mentioned drawbacks, enables safe construction without relocating underground objects or changing routes, etc., and provides a new underground structure that is economically superior in terms of construction period and construction cost. A construction method and apparatus are provided.

That is, the present invention is a propulsion method, a semi-shield method,
Using a tunnel excavating machine that has a small opening with a width narrower than the width of the tunnel excavating machine on the top surface of the tunnel excavating machine used for various conventional construction methods such as the shield method, open shield method, towing method, and self-propelled forward method, The earth and sand from the face can be discharged to the ground through a narrow small opening provided on the top of the tunneling machine using a box hoe or other excavator, and the area behind the small opening can be removed as the tunneling machine moves forward. Backfilling and covering soil can be carried out immediately, and construction of underground structures can be carried out by advancing them sequentially into the ground from within the starting base, or by suspending the necessary materials from a small opening in various types of tunneling machines, and carrying them in at the rear of the tunneling machine. It is constructed underground by assembling or pouring, and the small opening is used not only for removing earth and sand from the face, but also as an access passage for workers, equipment, tools, etc. Therefore, excavation of face earth and sand can be carried out mechanically from the ground, which has the advantage of shortening the construction period and significantly reducing construction costs. In addition, since the width of the opening in the road surface is narrow, it is possible to construct underground obstructions that have a narrower interval than the width of the tunnel excavation machine and underground structure without the need for relocation or cutting.
It occupies less width and length of the road surface, and has the advantage of not interfering with road traffic compared to various conventional construction methods. Furthermore, the excavation width from the top of the tunnel excavator to the road surface is narrow, so the amount of excavated soil and backfill is small.
It also has the advantage of significantly reducing construction time and costs.

In addition, the small protective passage equipment of the present invention is installed separately from the tunnel excavating machine, and if there is an underground object that crosses the upper part of the tunnel excavating machine, the small protected passage equipment can be removed and reinstalled to remove the underground object that crosses the upper part of the tunnel excavating machine. It also has the advantage of being able to pass under it without having to be relocated or removed.

Furthermore, in the case where the width of the underground structure is larger than the overburden, and there is a risk of moving the upper earth and sand or buried objects, the tunnel excavating machine of the present invention may be installed on both sides of the top surface of the tunnel excavating machine. The provision of movable friction cutter equipment has the advantage of preventing the movement of earth, sand, buried objects, etc. above the tunnel excavating machine.

In addition, the small protected passage equipment of the present invention can be arranged above the small opening with a plate assembly structure that can be assembled and detached vertically and horizontally, or by pivoting the side plates of the small protected passage equipment. By moving the small protective passage equipment to reduce its height, it is possible to temporarily remove only the part that touches the underground object that crosses the upper part of the tunnel excavating machine, and install it or rotate it and fold it down to avoid the underground object and lower it. It has the advantage of passing through.

Further, by providing the small-sized protected passage equipment of the present invention with a removable lid equipment, there is an advantage that the lid can be closed when work is stopped and the upper traffic will not be hindered. In addition, unlike the open-cut method, earth retaining works such as sheet piles are not required, so there are no construction costs required for these, and there are also many disadvantages such as vibration, ground subsidence, noise, etc. that come with punching out earth retaining works. In addition to the many excellent advantages and effects mentioned above by performing various works from the ground through the narrow and small protective passage equipment on the top of the tunnel excavating machine, it is also possible to use the propulsion method, semi-shield method, towing method, self-propelled method, etc. It is also possible to advance the structure underground from the starting base as in the forward construction method, it is also possible to assemble segments at the rear of the excavator as in the shield construction method, or it is also possible to place underground structures. , is an excellent new invention with many advantages.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained by giving examples and drawings.

First, in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a small opening 3 narrower than the width of the tunnel excavating machine 2 is provided on the upper surface 2' of the tunnel excavating machine 2, and the above-ground part is excavated. As shown in FIG.
₁ is configured to be directly attached to a tunnel excavating machine 2 by welding or the like so as to be started up.

In this way, it is possible to protect the earth and sand around the upper part of the small opening 3 from collapsing and to safely carry out the excavation and backfilling work. This is highly effective when there is no underground object crossing the upper part of the tunnel that the tunnel excavating machine 2 is trying to excavate.

Further, in the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, the small protective passage equipment ₄₂ is removably attached to the tunnel excavating machine 2 by bolting or the like, and is directly attached to the tunnel excavating machine 2. When there is an underground object _5-1 , the small protective passage equipment _4-2 that hits the underground object _5-1 as the tunneling machine 2 moves forward is removed and reattached after the tunneling machine 2 passes under the underground object _5-1 . As a result, there is no need to relocate or remove underground objects ₅₁ , and
Suitable for urban areas where there are many numbers ₁ .

In the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in _FIG .
etc., so that the tunneling machine 2 can slide freely in the front and rear directions directly on top of the tunneling machine 2, and the tunneling machine 2 at the bottom moves forward and the small protective passage equipment ₄₃ at the top moves forward alternately. There is an advantage that earth and sand excavation can be carried out safely and reliably, and there is an advantage that the advancing equipment of the tunnel excavating machine 2 can be downsized by moving the upper and lower parts separately and moving forward.

Further, in the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, another small protective passage facility 4 ₄ separate from the tunnel excavating machine 2 is installed above a small opening 3 provided on the upper surface 2' of the tunnel excavating machine 2. This is to prevent the collapse of the earth and sand around the small opening 3 by installing a small protective passage facility 4 ₄ which is assembled with a tunnel excavator, etc., or a small protective passage facility 4 ₄ which is movable forward, etc., to prevent the collapse of the earth and sand around the small opening 3. When installing, the small protective passage equipment 4 ₄ is moved forward first to detect underground objects, etc. If there is any underground underground object, remove the small protective passage equipment 4 4, and if there is no underground object, remove the small protective passage equipment 4 4, and if there is no underground object, remove the small protective passage equipment 4 ₄ . It has the advantage of being able to protect earth and sand from collapsing and eliminating waste in the construction process, such as relocating underground objects.

Further, in the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 12, a movable or residual type friction cutter equipment 10 for cutting friction between the upper surface 2' of the tunnel excavating machine 2 and earth and sand is provided.
is arranged, and the tunnel excavating machine 2 is moved forward by alternately performing the forward movement of the tunnel excavating machine 2 and the friction cutting operation by the friction cutter equipment 10.

In this embodiment, when the width of the tunnel excavating machine 2 is larger than the overburden, as the tunnel excavating machine 2 moves forward, the earth and sand on the upper part of the tunnel excavating machine 2 and underground objects ₅₁ are also forced to move laterally. However, a friction cutter device 10 is interposed between the upper surface 2' of the tunnel excavating machine 2 and the earth and sand to cut the edge, completely preventing the lateral movement of the earth and sand and underground objects ₅₁ , and preventing the tunnel excavating machine 2 from moving forward. It has the effect of reducing force. or,
Although not shown, the friction cutter equipment 10 can also be disposed on the side of the tunnel boring machine to further enhance the above-mentioned effect. or,
When advancing the underground structure 1 into the ground, a friction cutter material is inserted into the vicinity of the underground structure 1 from an appropriate position and left in the ground using a left-in type friction cutter equipment. tunnel boring machine 2
This has the advantage of being able to create a friction cut for both the underground structure 1 and the underground structure 1, reducing the forward force of the underground structure 1, and even if there is an underground structure ₅₁ on top of the underground structure 1, the underground structure 1 can be easily removed. 5. It has the advantage of being able to be constructed without affecting ₁ .

In the sixth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, the small protective passage equipment 4 is composed of dividing plates 11 that can be assembled horizontally and vertically at the upper part of the small opening 3 and can be attached and detached. Accordingly, the dividing plates 11 of the small protective passage equipment 4 that the underground object 5 encounters can be attached and removed one after another to allow passage under the underground object 5, and there is no need to move or remove the underground object 5. There are advantages.

In the seventh embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the small protected passage equipment 4 has a structure in which the side part of the small protected passage equipment 4 provided above the small opening 3 is configured to rotate on a pivot 12, The side part of the small protective passage equipment 4 that hits the underground object 5 is rotated inward and tilted so that it can be restored to its original state after passing under the underground object 5. This embodiment also has the advantage of being able to be constructed without having to relocate or remove the underground objects 5.

In the eighth embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the small-sized protected passage equipment 4 can be provided with a removable lid equipment 9, so that the upper part of the small-sized protected passage equipment 4 can be installed when the work is stopped. After arranging the lid equipment 9 at or above the small opening 3,
It has the advantage that it is covered with buried soil 7 and opened to the road surface, so that it does not interfere with all traffic above.

In each of the above embodiments, the position of the small opening 3 on which the small protective passage equipment 4 is attached is the small opening 3 having a width narrower than the width of the tunneling machine 2 in plan view. When the rear part of the top surface 2' is not opened but the front part is opened (Fig. 4)
There are cases where the front part of the top surface 2' is not opened but the rear part is opened (Fig. 5), cases where the opening is opened through the front and rear part of the top surface 2' (Fig. 6), and cases where the front part of the top surface 2' is opened but the rear part is opened (Fig. 6). In some cases, the section is opened (Fig. 7). Although not shown in the drawings, if there is an underground object parallel to the forward direction of the tunnel boring machine 2, the small opening 3 on the top surface 2' may be provided offset to the left or right side so as not to interfere with the object. There are various methods that can be considered depending on the construction conditions. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, if the ground at the construction site is self-supporting, the small protected passage equipment 4 can be removed for construction.

In this way, the upper surface 2' of the tunnel boring machine 2 is
Depending on the construction conditions, a small protective passage equipment 4, which can be integrated, detachable, or slidable in the front-back direction, is attached to the upper part of the small opening 3 of the To remove the earth and sand to the ground using an excavator 8 such as a excavator 8 such as a excavator hoe or a clamshell, and to carry in segments, concrete and other materials, allow workers to come in and out, as well as perform assembly and pouring in the tunnel excavator 2. is also possible. In this way, the advancement of the tunnel boring machine 2 and the construction of the underground structure 1 can be carried out using the propulsion method, the semi-shield method,
This can be done using the towing method, self-propelled forward method, etc.

As is clear from the above explanation, the present invention provides a small narrow opening on the top surface of a tunnel excavating machine that advances into the ground, and a small protective passage facility above it, and excavates earth and sand above it to form an above-ground part. The purpose of this project is to construct an underground structure through a small opening or through a small protective passage facility, and to immediately discharge the earth and sand to the ground through a small opening or a small protected passage facility, and to allow workers to enter and exit the site and materials to be brought in, thereby reducing the construction period. It is economical because it can shorten the
Since the width of the small protective passage equipment is narrow, it occupies a small area on the road surface and does not interfere with road traffic.The amount of excavated earth on the top of the tunnel excavating machine, the amount of backfilling earth, and the paved area are small, making it economical and easy to cross underground. By passing under the buried object, there is no need to relocate or remove the underground object, and even if there is an underground object near the underground structure in the longitudinal direction or above the structure, the present invention can easily perform construction. In addition, by installing a lid on the small protected passage facility, the road can be opened during work stoppages without causing a hindrance to traffic, and there is no need for earthworks such as sheet piles, which are expensive as in the open-cut construction method. This is an excellent new invention that has many advantages, such as not only being free from noise and other pollution, but also being able to construct underground structures without any problems using small-sized protective passage equipment that is most suitable for the site in shallow underground locations. It is.

The method and apparatus of the present invention have been described above with reference to embodiments and drawings, but the present invention is of course not limited to these embodiments, and various designs may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Modifications can be made.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a front view showing one embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a front view showing one embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the small opening of the present invention;
The drawings are construction drawings of the present invention, FIGS. 4 to 7 are plan views showing different embodiments of small openings of the present invention, and FIGS. 8 and 9 show different embodiments of the present invention. The front view shown in Figure 10 is also a side view, Figure 11, and Figure 1.
Figure 2 is a front view, Figure 13 is a side view,
FIG. 14 to FIG. 16 are also front views. Code 1...Underground structure, 2...Tunnel excavating machine, 2'...Top surface, 3...Small opening, 4...Small protective passage equipment, 5,5 ₁ ...Underground buried object, 6...
... Jacking equipment, 7 ... Backfilling and covering soil, 8 ... Excavator, 9 ... Lid equipment, 10 ... Friction cutter equipment, 11 ... Dividing plate, 12 ... Axis.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a method for constructing an underground structure by advancing a tunneling machine having a cylindrical shield into shallow ground covered with earth, the upper surface of the tunneling machine is narrower than the width of the tunneling machine. A small opening with a width is provided, the upper part of the opening is excavated to create an opening to the ground level, and a small protected passage facility is attached to the upper part of the small opening, so that people and equipment cannot be passed through the small opening or the small protected passage facility. A method for constructing an underground structure characterized by carrying in and carrying out other materials, performing various necessary works, and constructing the structure underground by digging with a tunnel boring machine. 2. Small protected passage equipment is one that is integrated with a tunnel excavation machine having a cylindrical shield, one that is detachable, or one that is slidable in the front and back direction and is installed over a small opening. The method for constructing an underground structure according to claim 1, characterized in that earth and sand in the upper periphery is protected. 3. In a device for constructing an underground structure by advancing a tunneling machine having a cylindrical shield underground, a small opening having a width narrower than the width of the tunneling machine is provided on the required upper surface of the tunneling machine. , an underground structure construction device characterized by arranging a small protective passage facility above a small opening. 4. Small protected passage equipment is characterized by having a cylindrical shield that is integrated with the tunneling machine, is removable, or is slidable in the front and back direction and is installed over the small opening. An underground structure construction device according to claim 3.