JPS6147282B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a total flow turbine that uses hot water or a mixture of hot water and steam as an energy source and is capable of efficiently converting this energy into rotational power. In geothermal plants, etc., the means to obtain rotational power from hot water or a mixture of hot water and steam are as follows:
Generally, a method is adopted in which these are passed through a heat exchanger to heat a low boiling point medium, and this medium is used to drive a turbine. However, this type of system not only requires a large heat exchanger, but also has problems in configuring the medium loop, and also requires a separator to separate hot water and steam, which reduces energy conversion efficiency. There were problems such as poor performance. The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to directly produce hot water or a mixture of hot water and steam without using an intermediate converter such as a heat exchanger. An object of the present invention is to provide a total flow turbine capable of converting the energy generated into rotational power into rotational power and having excellent conversion efficiency. The present invention will be explained in detail below. Before explaining specific embodiments, the driving principle of the turbine of the present invention will be explained first. As shown in FIG.
and a fluid supply section 3 that supplies fluid to this constriction section 2.
When a Laval nozzle 4 consisting of is prepared, and hot water 5 is sent under high pressure to the fluid supply section 3 of this Laval nozzle 4, the hot water 5 expands rapidly while passing through the discharge section 1 from the constriction section 2. A part of it flashes and becomes a high-speed steam flow as shown by arrow 6 in the figure. In addition, the remaining hot water becomes water droplets of approximately 10 μm, and flows at approximately the same speed as the steam flow, riding on the above-mentioned high-speed steam flow. Similarly, when a mixture 7 of hot water and steam is fed into the fluid supply section 3 at high pressure as shown in FIG. Since a high-speed steam flow is obtained in this way, it is possible to obtain rotational power by applying it to a general impeller, but the water droplets contained in it give a braking effect to the impeller, resulting in a reduction in conversion efficiency. becomes extremely bad. However, by doing the following, the braking effect of water droplets can be reduced to almost zero. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a cylindrical rotor 11 is rotatably provided, and a high-speed steam flow containing water droplets converted by the Laval nozzle 4 is directed obliquely toward the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 11. Spray. When sprayed in this manner, the contained water droplets are pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 11 and flow along the inner peripheral surface as a high-speed water film flow 12. Therefore, the shearing force of the water film applies a rotational force to the rotor 11 in the direction indicated by the arrow 13 in the figure, causing the rotor 11 to rotate. At this time, the steam component is water film flow 1
2, the water film flow 12 is accelerated by this swirling flow, and as a result, the rotor 11
rotates even faster. In this way, rotor 1
If a high-speed steam flow containing water droplets is simply sprayed diagonally toward the inner peripheral surface of the water film 12, the thickness of the water film flow 12 will gradually increase, and the rotation speed will gradually decrease. Therefore, the rotor 11 is attached to the outer surface of the rotor 11.
A second Laval nozzle 14 that gradually expands in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the second Laval nozzle 14 is attached.
The constricted portion 15 of the Laval nozzle 14 is communicated with the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 11 via a communicating member 16 such as a pipe. The water film flow 12 formed on the inner surface of the rotor 11 by spraying from the Laval nozzle 4 is pressed against the inner surface with a large force and is kept at a high temperature. When the Laval nozzle 14 is present, the hot water forming the water film flow 12 is transferred to the second Laval nozzle 1.
4 and is converted by the second Laval nozzle 14 into a high-speed steam flow containing fine water droplets, which is injected as shown by arrow 17 in the figure. The reaction force accompanying this injection is indicated by arrow 18 in the figure.
3, this reaction force also acts as a force to rotate the rotor 11. The water film flow 12 is then sprayed from the second Laval nozzle 14.
The film thickness can also be kept constant. Therefore, not only the high-speed steam flow injected from the Laval nozzle 4 but also the fine water droplets contained therein can be actively used as an energy source, so that the energy conversion efficiency can be greatly improved. The turbine of the present invention is constructed based on such a conversion principle. Specific examples will be described below. Figure 3 a, b
In the figure, reference numeral 21 denotes a casing, and the casing 21 is composed of a cylindrical portion 22 and side plates 23a and 23b that close openings at both ends of the cylindrical portion 22. For example, holes 24a and 24b are provided in opposing portions of the cylindrical portion 22, and these holes 24a and 24b are connected to the connecting pipe 25.
It is connected via a and 25b to a capacitor (not shown) maintained at atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the side plate 23a of the casing 21,
Holes 26a and 26b are provided coaxially in the center of 23b, and bearings 27a and 27b are mounted in these holes 26a and 26b. A rotor 28 is rotatably mounted within the casing 21 and supported by the bearings 27a and 27b. The rotor 28 includes a rotor body 29 and a shaft 30 coaxially attached to both ends of the rotor body 29.
a, 30b, and the shafts 30a, 30b
are supported by the bearings 27a and 27b. The rotor body 29 includes a cylindrical body 31, end plates 32a and 32b that close openings at both ends of the cylindrical body 31, and a cylindrical body 31.
Laval nozzles 33a, 33b, 33 fixed at equal intervals on the outer circumferential surface of 1 at, for example, four locations.
c, 33d. Each of the Laval nozzles 33a, 33b, 33c, and 33d has a protrusion part P that gradually expands into an inverted conical cylinder shape or an inverted pyramidal cylinder shape, a constriction part Q, and a fluid supply part, similar to the one shown in FIG. The discharge portions P are fixed along the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body 31 so that they all face in the same direction, and each fluid supply portion R passes through the inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical body 31. Note that the shaft 3
0a is formed hollow, and one end side communicates with the inside of the rotor main body 29, and the other end side communicates with the steam exhaust pipe 35 via the seal member 34. A cross-shaped branch pipe 36 is disposed inside the rotor body 29, and the fluid is divided into, for example, four parts in the radial direction. The side is the steam exhaust pipe 3
The fluid guide tube 37 is inserted into the rotor body 29 through the inside of the rotor body 29 through the inside of the rotor body 29, and is communicatively connected to the end portion located inside the body 29. Laval nozzles 38a, 38b, 38c, and 38 are provided at the tip of each branch pipe of the cross-shaped branch pipe 36, respectively.
d is attached. Each Laval nozzle 38
a, 38b, 38c, and 38d are composed of a discharge part P that gradually expands like the Laval nozzles 33a, 33b, 33c, and 33d, a constriction part Q, and a fluid supply part R. are connected to each branch pipe, and each discharge part P is attached in a relationship that faces obliquely toward the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder 31 in the opposite direction to the Laval nozzles 33a, 33b, 33c, and 33d. With such a configuration, the fluid guide pipe 37
When high-pressure hot water or a high-pressure mixture of hot water and steam is supplied to, for example, the hot water is passed through a cross-shaped branch pipe 36 to each Laval nozzle 38a, 38b,
The steam is converted into a high-speed steam flow containing fine water droplets by 38c and 38d, and is sprayed obliquely onto the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder 31. As a result, as described above, the cylindrical body 31
A high-speed water film flow 12 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 28 due to the shear force of this water film flow 12.
A rotational force in the direction indicated by 9 is applied. The steam component that accelerated the water film flow 12 by the swirling flow is the axis 30.
a and is discharged through the steam exhaust pipe 35.
In addition, the hot water forming the water film flow 12 is converted into a high-speed steam flow containing fine water droplets and is injected through the Laval nozzles 33a, 33b, 33c, and 33d, and the reaction force accompanying this injection is applied to the rotor as described above. It is added to the force that rotates 28 . Further, the steam containing fine water droplets injected from the Laval nozzles 33a, 33b, 33c, and 33d is finally transferred to the pipe 25.
It is discharged to the outside via a and 25b. In this case, as described above, the energy contained in the fine water droplets can also be converted into rotational power and recovered, resulting in extremely high energy conversion efficiency. Further, the rubber nozzles 38a , 38b, 3 are directed toward the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 28 so that a water film flow 12 is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 28.
Spray high-speed steam containing water droplets at 8c and 38d,
Due to the shear force of the water film flow 12, the rotor 28
As a result, the high-speed steam flow injected from each Laval nozzle obliquely collides with the inner peripheral surface of the high-pressure water film flow 12, and the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 28 Do not collide directly with surfaces. Therefore, even if water droplets are included in the high-speed steam flow, the constituent materials of the rotor 28 will not be corroded by these high-speed water droplets, so that stable function can be achieved over a long period of time. be able to. Further, since an intermediate converter unlike a heat exchanger is not required, the entire conversion system can be downsized. Furthermore, in this turbine, most of the hot water is converted into steam and discharged, so this steam can be used for other purposes, which is more preferable from the standpoint of efficient energy use. In the above-described embodiment, there are four so-called first Laval nozzles that spray a high-speed steam flow containing water droplets toward the inner peripheral surface of the rotor, and four so-called second Laval nozzles that are attached to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor. Although each number is provided, it is not limited to this number. Further, the number of steam exhaust holes provided in the casing is not limited either. As detailed above, according to the present invention, a total flow turbine with a simple configuration and long life that can convert energy contained in hot water or a mixture of hot water and steam into rotational power with high efficiency is provided. Can be provided.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1a, b and 2 are diagrams for explaining the driving principle of the turbine of the present invention, Figure 3a is a vertical sectional view of a total flow turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 3b is a FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 12...Water film flow, 21...Casing, 28 ...
...Rotor, 29...Rotor main body 33a, 33b,
33c, 33d, 38a, 38b, 38c, 38
d...Laval nozzle.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A cylindrical rotor rotatably installed around an axis, converting high-pressure hot water or a high-pressure mixture of hot water and steam into a high-speed steam flow containing water droplets,
This high-speed steam flow is blown obliquely onto the inner peripheral surface of the rotor to form a water film flow on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor, and the shear force of the water film flow provides a rotational force to the rotor. 1 and a Laval nozzle provided on the outer surface of the rotor to guide the hot water forming the water film flow on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor and convert the high-speed steam flow into the rotation direction of the rotor. The second one that sprays in the opposite direction.
A total flow turbine characterized in that it is equipped with a Laval nozzle.