JPS6152625B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a DC machine that does not use a commutator.

Figure 1a is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of a conventional DC machine showing the armature side excluding the field side such as field coils, compensation windings, and commutating poles, and Figure 1b is an expanded view of the same. 1 is an armature coil, 2 is a commutator, and 3-1 and 3-2 are brushes.

In other words, in a conventional DC machine, a current is passed through the armature coil 1 from the brush 3-1 as shown by the arrow in the figure, taken out by the brush 3-2, and torque is generated by the interaction between this and the field side (not shown). This is to rotate the armature.

However, in such conventional DC machines, since the commutator 2 crosses the armature current as it rotates, sparks are generated and there is a risk of flashover.
Further, there were drawbacks such as complicating maintenance of the commutator 2.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a DC machine that does not use a commutator and can therefore obtain rotations equivalent to conventional DC machines without the risk of spark generation or flashover. With the goal.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7. Although this invention can be applied to either a rotating armature type or a rotating field type, the rotating armature type will be explained here as an example.

FIG. 2a is a configuration explanatory diagram showing an example of a motor to which the present invention is applied, with a part of the armature side omitted, and FIG. 2b is an exploded view of the same. In these figures, 1 indicates an armature coil, 3 and 4 are slip rings, 5 and 6 are switches, and 7 and 8 are brushes.
In this case, the switches 5, 6 have terminals 9-12, as shown enlarged in FIG. The current circuit is between terminals 9 and 10, and this current circuit is turned on when an alternating current or pulse voltage is applied to terminal 11, and turned off when applied to terminal 12. . Also, of the brushes 7 and 8, the brush 7 is used as a negative electrode, and the brush 8 is used as a positive electrode.

Reference numeral 13 designates a search coil for turning on the switch that receives voltage, and is connected to terminals 11 of the switches 5 and 6, and is mechanically fixed to the armature side. By inserting an iron core inside the search coil 13, characteristics when receiving a voltage are improved, and 15 in FIG. 2a indicates the iron core for this purpose. 14 is a voltage induction coil for turning on the switch,
This is fixed on the field side, facing the voltage induction coil 14, and in a stationary state. 16 is the search coil 13
The iron core 17 is an alternating current or pulse power source for turning on the switch, and is connected to the voltage induction coil 14. Reference numeral 18 refers to a combination of the voltage induction coil 14 and the iron core 16, and herein these are referred to as an excitation coil for switching ON.

Similarly, 19 is a search coil for turning off the switch, which is connected to the terminals 12 of the switches 5 and 6, and is mechanically fixed to the armature side. Reference numeral 20 denotes an iron core that provides the same effect on the search coil 19 as the iron core 15 provides on the search coil 13. 21 is a voltage induction coil for turning off the switch, which is fixed on the field side and connected to the search coil 19.
It is in a stationary state facing the. 22 is the iron core of the voltage induction coil 21, and 23 is an AC or pulse power source for turning off the switch, which is connected to the voltage induction coil 21. Reference numeral 24 refers to a combination of the voltage induction coil 21 and the iron core 22, and herein these are referred to as an excitation coil for switch OFF. In this case, excitation coil 2 for switch OFF
4 is omitted as one in Figure 2a, but actually 24-1 and 24-2 in Figure 2b.
As shown in the figure, there are two types, the former for switch 5 and the latter for switch 6.
OFF excitation coils are shown, and the adjacent spacing between them is the pole spacing τ. Although not mentioned above, the same thing can be said about the excitation coil 18 for switch ON as well as the excitation coil 24 for switch OFF.

In the above configuration, the armature coil 1, switches 5, 6, and search coils 13, 19 are fixed to the armature side and rotate, and the excitation coils 18, 24 are fixed to the field side and remain stationary. It is something that exists.

Next, the operation of this invention will be explained. That is, when the armature rotates, the relative positions of the search coils 13, 19 and the exciting coils 18, 24 change (see the white arrows in FIG. 2b). At this time, exciter coil 1
8, 24 are the AC or pulse power supplies 17, 23
The search coils 13 and 19 facing each other through the voltage induction coils 14 and 21 excited by
An alternating current or pulse voltage is induced in the switch, and the switches 5 and 6 are turned on or off by this voltage. As a result, the armature coil 1 has a second
Armature current will flow as shown by arrow 25 in Figure b. Therefore, compared to a normal DC machine, the excitation coil 18 for switch ON is located at the tip of the brush, and the excitation coil 24 for switch OFF is located at the tip of the brush.
correspond to the rear end of the brush.
The reason for this is that the brush usually has a width, and the tip refers to the tip in the relative direction of movement, and the rear end refers to the rear end, and the tip is connected to the commutator that touches it. This is because current begins to flow to the armature coil from the part where the terminal is disconnected, and when the terminal part comes off, current no longer flows to the armature coil in the part connected to the commutator that is in contact with it. Therefore, the DC machine according to the present invention does not have a commutator, and can provide exactly the same rotation as a normal DC machine.

The search coils 13 and 19 are shown in Fig. 2a.
As you can see, it forms a ring, and this is called a coil ring. As already mentioned, it is better to provide iron cores 15 and 20 in this coil ring for better characteristics, but if these iron cores 15 and 20 are formed into a continuous iron core ring, unnecessary electromagnetic interference will occur between search coils 13 and 19. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, regular gaps 26 are formed in the core ring, and each search coil 1 is
The iron cores 15 and 20 of No. 3 and 19 may be separated.

Further, when rotating or reversing the DC machine according to the present invention, it is necessary to reverse the current direction of the armature coil 1 as indicated by the arrow 25 in FIG. 2b. For this purpose, the switch ON excitation coil 18 and the switch OFF excitation coil 24 are also provided at positions shifted in the circumferential direction by the pole spacing τ, as shown at points 27 and 28 in FIG. 2b, respectively. This can be excited by alternating current or pulsed power during rotation or reversal. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific example of the configuration in such a case. pole spacing τ
excitation coils 18 arranged at 2τ and separated from each other by 2τ.
-1 as one group, two sets of excitation coils 18-
If one group is formed, switch contacts 29, 3
Depending on which group is selected by 0, electric, rotational, and reverse rotation can be switched. In this case, it goes without saying that the AC or pulse power source 17 can be used in common for the two groups of excitation coils 18-1.

Further, in the DC machine according to the present invention, two slip rings 3, 4 are provided, and each slip ring 3, 4 is connected to the armature coil via a switch 5, 6.
However, the connection points do not necessarily have to be aligned as shown in FIG. 2b, and may be offset on the armature coil 1, for example, as shown in FIG. 6. The reason for this is that if the connection points are misaligned, the current flowing through the individual armature coils of both sides and the change in magnetic flux distribution based on this will naturally be different, but DC machines inherently have a discontinuous (square wave) magnetic flux distribution. This is because there is no problem in generating rotational torque.
This makes it advantageous to provide two slip rings 3, 4 on both sides of the rotating armature.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of the above-mentioned switch 5 (or 6, the same applies hereafter). Here, as the switch 5, a thyristor switch mainly composed of a thyristor is used as shown in the figure, and this is used for the switch ON. The switch is turned on by alternating current or pulse voltage from the search coil 13 to turn it on, and is extinguished by alternating current or pulse voltage from the search coil 19 for switching off to turn off.

Although all of the above explanations have been made for the rotating armature type, the present invention can also be applied to the rotating field type (stationary armature type), as described above, and this is shown in FIG. In this case, since the armature is stationary, the brushes 7, 8 in FIGS. 2a and 2b are no longer necessary, and the slip rings 3, 4 are replaced by the common bus 31 of the DC power source. Further, the armature coil 1, the switch 5.6, and the coil rings forming the search coils 13, 19 are all stationary. The other excitation coil 18,
24 will rotate, and in this case slip rings 32, 33 and a brush 34 are required between the AC or pulse power sources 17, 23. The example shown in FIG. 8 uses AC or pulse power supplies 17, 2.
3 is the excitation coil 1 for ON and OFF.
8 and 24, but of course they may be separated.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain the same rotation as a conventional normal DC machine without using a commutator, and therefore a new DC machine without the risk of spark generation or flashover. can be provided.

In addition, since the rotational position detection and driving means for the switch are performed using an excitation coil and a search coil, the switch can be driven directly from the search coil, and a complicated electric circuit for driving the switch is not required. This has the effect of increasing reliability as a rotating machine, such as not causing any damage.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1a is a configuration explanatory diagram showing the armature side of a conventional DC machine, Figure 1b is an exploded view of the same, and Figure 2a is an example of a motor to which the present invention is applied, with the armature side partially omitted. Fig. 2b is an explanatory diagram of the configuration, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the terminals of a switch used in the above motor, and Fig. 4 is an example of a coil ring of a search coil used in the above motor. A configuration explanatory diagram with some parts omitted; FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of a switching unit when regenerating or reversing the same motor; FIG. 6 is a slip-ring armature coil used in the same motor. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a specific configuration example of a switch used in the above motor, and Fig. 8 is an example of a rotating field type of the above motor. It is a diagram. 1... Armature coil, 3, 4... Slip ring, 5, 6... Switch, 13, 19... Search coil, 17, 23... AC or pulse power supply,
18, 18-1, 18-2, 24, 24-1, 2
4-2... Excitation coil. Note that the same reference numerals in the figures indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A coil ring in which a plurality of ON and OFF search coils are arranged in a ring, an excitation coil that is provided to face this coil ring with a gap and is excited by an alternating current or pulse power source, and one end of which is connected to an armature. The coils are distributed and connected, and the other end is connected to a DC power supply via a slip ring or a common bus, and the on input terminal is connected to the on search coil, and the off input terminal is connected to the off search coil. The coils are connected to each other, and the one end and the other end are selectively turned on and off by alternating current or pulse voltage from the excitation coil side through these on and off search coils to generate rotational torque. A DC machine characterized by comprising a plurality of switches.