JPS6155410B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6155410B2 JPS6155410B2 JP54144595A JP14459579A JPS6155410B2 JP S6155410 B2 JPS6155410 B2 JP S6155410B2 JP 54144595 A JP54144595 A JP 54144595A JP 14459579 A JP14459579 A JP 14459579A JP S6155410 B2 JPS6155410 B2 JP S6155410B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fan
- alkali
- filter
- nox
- cement material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Landscapes
- Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は室内排気型のフアン付暖房機の改良に
関し、暖房運転に伴つて室内に発生する窒素酸化
物（NOx）を除去してクリーンな暖房を行なう
ことを目的とする。[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to an improvement of an indoor exhaust type heater with a fan, and its purpose is to perform clean heating by removing nitrogen oxides (NOx) generated indoors during heating operation. do.
最近は、ポータブルストーブ並の手軽さで温風
によつて快適な暖房が得られるフアン付暖房機が
注目され、各家庭で使用されるようになつてき
た。しかし、このフアン付暖房機の燃焼器は小型
で発熱量が大きいため火炎温度が高く、しかも一
次空気量の少ない拡散燃焼法を主体としたもので
あるため、NOxの発生量が多く、従つて運転に
つれて室内のNOx濃度は非常に高くなる。通
常、燃焼排ガス中のNOx組成はNO／NO2＞１と
なつている場合が多く、NO2のみならずNOも多
く存在している。このNOは人体の中枢神経に作
用することが確認されており、NO2も閉塞性吸収
障害をひき起こすため、その除去対策が望まれて
いる。また、NO2は肺に炎症あるいは壊死を起こ
すことも確認されている。従つて環境基準濃度
（0.04〜0.06ppm）を設定してこれらを規制して
いるが、NOxを除去したクリーンな暖房が強く
望まれている。 Recently, fan-equipped heaters that provide comfortable heating with warm air and are as simple as portable stoves have been attracting attention and are being used in households. However, the combustor of this heater with a fan is small and generates a large amount of heat, resulting in a high flame temperature.Furthermore, since it is mainly based on the diffusion combustion method with a small amount of primary air, it generates a large amount of NOx. As the vehicle is driven, the NOx concentration inside the vehicle increases significantly. Normally, the NOx composition in combustion exhaust gas is often NO/NO 2 >1, and not only NO 2 but also NO is present in large amounts. This NO has been confirmed to act on the central nervous system of the human body, and NO 2 also causes obstructive absorption disorders, so measures to eliminate it are desired. It has also been confirmed that NO 2 causes inflammation or necrosis in the lungs. Therefore, environmental standard concentrations (0.04 to 0.06 ppm) are set to regulate these, but clean heating that removes NOx is strongly desired.
従来の空気清浄装置としては、電気集塵機や活
性炭フイルターなどがあるが、上述の健康に及ぼ
す影響が心配されるNOは除去できなかつた。活
性炭フイルターはNO2を吸着によりわずかにこれ
を除去できるが、その除去容量が小さく、高温に
なると脱離したり、吸着したNO2をNOに還元し
てこれを放出したりする欠点がある。 Conventional air purification devices include electrostatic precipitators and activated carbon filters, but they cannot remove NO, which is concerned about the health effects mentioned above. Activated carbon filters can remove a small amount of NO 2 by adsorption, but their removal capacity is small and they have the drawback of desorbing at high temperatures or reducing the adsorbed NO 2 to NO and releasing it.
また、NOxの除去技術として排煙脱硝の目的
で開発された技術として接触還元法と湿式吸収法
とが提案されている。接触還元法はNH3などの還
元剤を必要とし、さらに還元条件として250〜350
℃程度の高温を必要とする。一方、吸収法は反応
速度の点で特に環境濃度程度のNOx除去には空
間速度SV＝1000hr-1の低い値でしか除去できな
い。これ以上の空間速度値ではNOxの除去性能
が低下するのみならず、吸収液の飛散などの問題
が発生する。 Further, as NOx removal technologies, catalytic reduction methods and wet absorption methods have been proposed as technologies developed for the purpose of exhaust gas denitrification. The catalytic reduction method requires a reducing agent such as NH3 , and the reduction conditions are 250-350
Requires high temperature around ℃. On the other hand, in terms of reaction rate, the absorption method can only remove NOx at environmental concentrations at a low value of space velocity SV = 1000 hr -1 . If the space velocity exceeds this value, not only the NOx removal performance will deteriorate, but also problems such as scattering of the absorption liquid will occur.
いずれの方法も装置が大型になり、しかも操作
が複雑であるので大気中のNOx除去に適用する
ことは占有スペースも含めて好ましくないと考え
られる。また、NOx除去率も高々70〜80％で完
全に除去することはできない。 Either method requires a large device and is complicated to operate, so it is considered undesirable to apply it to the removal of NOx from the atmosphere, including the space it occupies. Further, the NOx removal rate is at most 70 to 80% and cannot be completely removed.
本発明は常温で、しかも乾式法によるNOx除
去フイルターをフアン付暖房機に設置して室内に
排出されるNO，NO2を除去して快適な暖房がで
きるようにしたものである。 The present invention enables comfortable heating by installing a NOx removal filter using a dry method in a fan-equipped heater to remove NO and NO 2 discharged into the room at room temperature.
第１図はNOx除去性能を有するフイルターを
フアン付暖房機に設置した本発明の一例を示す。 FIG. 1 shows an example of the present invention in which a filter with NOx removal performance is installed in a fan-equipped heater.
１は温風吹出フアン２の空気吸い込み口に設置
したNOx除去フイルター、３は石油等を燃焼さ
せる燃焼器、４は温風吹出口である。燃焼器３で
燃焼した排ガスによる温風は吹出口４より室内に
吹出され、室内を暖房した後、フアン２により空
気吸い込み口のNOx除去フイルターを通過して
清浄になり再び室内に吹出される。NOx除去フ
イルター１は、NOの酸化吸収剤であるNaClO2ま
たはKMnO4をアルカリおよびセメント材で混練
成型したNO除去フイルターと、アルカリと粉末
活性炭をセメント材で混練成型したNO2除去フイ
ルターとから構成されている。 1 is a NOx removal filter installed at the air intake port of the hot air blowing fan 2, 3 is a combustor for burning oil, etc., and 4 is a hot air blowing port. Warm air from the exhaust gas burned in the combustor 3 is blown into the room from the outlet 4, heating the room, and then passed through the NOx removal filter at the air intake port by the fan 2, purified, and blown into the room again. The NOx removal filter 1 is composed of an NO removal filter made by kneading and molding NaClO 2 or KMnO 4 , which is an NO oxidation absorbent, with alkali and cement material, and an NO 2 removal filter made by kneading and molding alkali and powdered activated carbon with cement material. has been done.
NaClO2水溶液、KMnO4水溶液は、NOの極め
て強力な酸化吸収剤であることを本発明者らは先
に提案している。この酸化吸収剤を使用してNO
の除去容量、除去率の増大、および吸収剤の安定
化をはかるためアルカリとセメント材で固化し造
粒したものを評価した。 The present inventors have previously proposed that NaClO 2 aqueous solution and KMnO 4 aqueous solution are extremely strong oxidizing and absorbing agents for NO. Using this oxidation absorber NO
In order to increase the removal capacity and removal rate, and stabilize the absorbent, we evaluated a product solidified with alkali and cement and granulated.
第２図Ａは、Ｂに示すNaClO2，Ca（OH）2，
CaSO4・1/2H2Oを重量比で４：３：３の割合で
混練し、造粒成型したNOxフイルター１′に
100ppmのNOx（NO：50ppm，NO2：50ppm）
を常温で通過させた時の入口、出口のNO，NO2
濃度を化学発光式NOxの分析計で測定し、それ
ぞれのガスの除去率を示したものである。この組
成物は常温でNO除去率が非常に優れている。NO
との反応に関して基本となる反応式はつぎのとお
りである。 Figure 2 A shows NaClO 2 , Ca(OH) 2 ,
CaSO 4 1/2H 2 O was kneaded in a weight ratio of 4:3:3 and then granulated into NOx filter 1'.
100ppm NOx (NO: 50ppm, NO 2 : 50ppm)
NO, NO 2 at the inlet and outlet when passing through at room temperature
The concentration was measured using a chemiluminescent NOx analyzer, and the removal rate of each gas is shown. This composition has an excellent NO removal rate at room temperature. NO.
The basic reaction formula for the reaction with is as follows.
4NO＋3NaClO2＋2Ca（OH）2→
2Ca（NO3）23NaCl＋2H2O
4NO2＋NaClO2＋2Ca（OH）2→
2Ca（NO3）2NaCl＋2H2O
4NO2＋2Ca（OH）2→
Ca（NO3）2＋Ca（NO2）2＋2H2O
N2O3＋Ca（OH）2→Ca（NO2）2＋H2O
また、NO2はアルカリを用いることにより、硝
酸塩あるいは亜硝酸塩としてたやすく吸収するこ
とができる。このNO2の除去に用いられるアルカ
リとしてKOH，NaOH，Ca（OH）2などの水酸化
化合物やK2CO3，Na2CO3，NaHCO3などの炭酸
塩の他にチオ硫酸ナトリウム、尿素など数多くの
種類がある。これらの反応はいずれも液相反応で
あり、水分の存在下でのイオン反応を中心とした
化学吸収反応である。NO2を湿式で吸収させる場
合には水滴の飛散を防止する必要から空間速度を
上げて操作することができないなど操作性、メイ
ンテナンスが極めて悪い。そこで本発明者らはア
ルカリと粉末活性炭をセメント材で固化して造粒
した組成物が常温でNO2の除去に優れた性能を有
することを見出した。第３図Ａは、Ｂに示す
K2CO3，Ca（OH）2，CaSO4・1/2H2O及び粉末活
性炭を重量比で３：３：２：２の割合で混練して
造粒成型したNOxフイルター１″に100ppmの
NOx（No：50ppm，NO2：50ppm）を常温で通
過させてNO，NO2の除去率を測定したものであ
る。この組成物は常温でNO2除去率が非常にすぐ
れている。本組成物はNO2と下記のような反応で
NO2を吸収除去するものである。 4NO+3NaClO 2 +2Ca(OH) 2 → 2Ca(NO 3 ) 2 3NaCl+ 2H 2 O 4NO 2 +NaClO 2 +2Ca(OH) 2 → 2Ca(NO 3 ) 2 NaCl+2H 2 O 4NO 2 +2Ca(OH) 2 → Ca(NO 3 ) 2 +Ca(NO 2 ) 2 +2H 2 O N 2 O 3 +Ca(OH) 2 →Ca(NO 2 ) 2 +H 2 O In addition, NO 2 can be easily absorbed as nitrate or nitrite by using an alkali. . In addition to hydroxide compounds such as KOH, NaOH, and Ca(OH) 2 and carbonates such as K 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , and NaHCO 3 , alkalis used to remove NO 2 include sodium thiosulfate and urea. There are many types. All of these reactions are liquid phase reactions, and are chemical absorption reactions centered on ionic reactions in the presence of water. When NO 2 is absorbed using a wet method, operability and maintenance are extremely poor, as it is impossible to increase the space velocity due to the need to prevent water droplets from scattering. Therefore, the present inventors have discovered that a composition obtained by solidifying an alkali and powdered activated carbon with a cement material and granulating it has excellent performance in removing NO 2 at room temperature. Figure 3 A is shown in B
K 2 CO 3 , Ca(OH) 2 , CaSO 4 1/2H 2 O and powdered activated carbon were kneaded in a weight ratio of 3:3:2:2 and granulated to form a NOx filter 1'' with a concentration of 100 ppm.
The removal rate of NO and NO 2 was measured by passing NOx (No: 50 ppm, NO 2 : 50 ppm) at room temperature. This composition has an extremely high NO 2 removal rate at room temperature. This composition reacts with NO 2 as shown below.
It absorbs and removes NO 2 .
6NO2＋K2CO3＋2Ca（OH）2→
KNO3＋Ca（NO3）2＋KNO2
＋Ca（NO2）2＋2H2O＋CO2
2N2O3＋K2CO3＋Ca（OH）2→
2KNO2＋Ca（NO2）2
＋H2O＋CO2
上述の２つの組成物は、常温でNO，NO2を高
い除去率で除去し、しかも吸収反応であるため、
長寿命で、かつNO2→NOへの還元性がないな
ど、従来にない優れたものである。 6NO 2 +K 2 CO 3 +2Ca(OH) 2 → KNO 3 +Ca(NO 3 ) 2 +KNO 2 +Ca(NO 2 ) 2 +2H 2 O+CO 2 2N 2 O 3 +K 2 CO 3 +Ca(OH) 2 → 2KNO 2 +Ca( NO 2 ) 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 The above two compositions remove NO and NO 2 at a high removal rate at room temperature, and because they are absorption reactions,
It has long lifespan and does not reduce NO 2 to NO, making it superior to conventional products.
第４図Ａは、Ｂに示すNaClO2，Ca（OH）2及び
CaSO4・1/2H2Oが重量比で４：３：３からなる
NO除去フイルター１′と、K2CO3，Ca（OH）2，
CaSO4・1/2H2O及び粉末活性炭が重量比で３：
３：２：２からなるNO2除去フイルター１″を組
合せたフイルターに100ppm（NO：50ppm，
NO2：50ppm）を常温で通過させてNO，NO2の
除去率を測定したものである。この図から、本構
成のフイルターを使用すれば、NO，NO2が完全
に除去できることが理解できる。 Figure 4A shows NaClO 2 , Ca(OH) 2 and
CaSO 4 1/2H 2 O consists of a weight ratio of 4:3:3
NO removal filter 1', K 2 CO 3 , Ca(OH) 2 ,
CaSO 4 1/2H 2 O and powdered activated carbon in a weight ratio of 3:
100ppm (NO: 50ppm ,
The removal rate of NO and NO 2 was measured by passing 50 ppm of NO 2 at room temperature. From this figure, it can be seen that NO and NO 2 can be completely removed by using the filter with this configuration.
上記のとおり、本構成のフイルターは水蒸気共
存下の常温一般大気条件下で優れた性能を有する
ので、フアン付暖房機に応用する場合はフアンの
空気吸い込み口に設置することが望ましい。温風
吹出口への設置では100℃程度に加熱されるの
で、組成物中のNaClO2が熱劣化したり、粉末活
性炭が燃焼することも考えられるので避けなけれ
ばならない。 As mentioned above, the filter of this configuration has excellent performance under normal temperature general atmospheric conditions in the coexistence of water vapor, so when it is applied to a heater with a fan, it is desirable to install it at the air intake port of the fan. When installed at a hot air outlet, it will be heated to about 100°C, so NaClO 2 in the composition may be thermally degraded and powdered activated carbon may burn, so this must be avoided.
また、これらの組成物をフアンの空気吸い込み
口に設置する場合は、粉じんなどによつて多孔質
の表面を閉塞するので、除じんフイルターの後方
に配置することが望ましい。組成物の具体的な充
填方法としては適当な枠体に充填すればよいが、
空気流のチヤンネリングを起こすことがないよう
に均一化を配慮する必要がある。例えばその一例
としてポリプロピレンなどの不織布で組成物をは
さんでサンドイツチ構造とするような、従来公知
の方法がよい。 Furthermore, when these compositions are placed at the air intake port of a fan, it is desirable to place them behind a dust removal filter, since the porous surface will be blocked by dust. A specific method for filling the composition is to fill it into an appropriate frame.
It is necessary to take care to equalize the air flow so as not to cause channeling. For example, a conventionally known method may be used, such as sandwiching the composition between nonwoven fabrics such as polypropylene to form a sandwich structure.
このポリプロピレンは吸湿率が非常に小さいと
云うすぐれた特性を持つているので、水蒸気共存
下で優れた性能を有する前述のNO除去剤、NO2
除去剤をはさんでサンドイツチ構造にするとポリ
プロピレン不織布とNO除去剤、NO2除去剤との
間に空気中の水分がたまりやすくなるので性能が
大巾に向上する。 This polypropylene has the excellent property of having a very low moisture absorption rate, so it can be used as the NO remover mentioned above, which has excellent performance in the coexistence of water vapor .
By sandwiching the remover and creating a sandwich structure, moisture in the air tends to accumulate between the polypropylene nonwoven fabric and the NO remover and NO 2 remover, greatly improving performance.
以上の本組成物のフイルター構成によつて、従
来から待望されていたフアン付暖房機によつて室
内に排出されたNO，NO2をほゞ完全に除去する
ことができる。 With the above-described filter structure of the present composition, it is possible to almost completely remove NO and NO 2 discharged indoors by a fan-equipped heater, which has been long awaited.
第１図は本発明の実施例におけるフアン付暖房
機の概略図、第２図ＡはフイルターのNO除去率
を示し、同図Ｂはフイルターの使用状態を示す
図、第３図ＡはフイルターのNO2除去率を示し、
同図Ｂはフイルターの使用状態を示す図、第４図
ＡはNO除去用とNO2除去用の２つのフイルター
を用いた場合のNOx等の除去率を示し、同図Ｂ
はフイルターの使用状態を示す図である。
１……フイルター、２……温風吹出フアン、３
……燃焼器。
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heater with a fan according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2A shows the NO removal rate of the filter, Fig. 3B shows how the filter is used, and Fig. 3A shows the filter. Indicates NO 2 removal rate,
Figure B shows how the filter is used, Figure 4A shows the removal rate of NOx, etc. when two filters are used, one for NO removal and one for NO 2 removal.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing how the filter is used. 1... Filter, 2... Hot air blowing fan, 3
...Combustor.
Claims (1)
空気流路に、ポリプロピレン不織布ではさんでサ
ンドイツチ構成にした有害ガス除去フイルターと
して酸化吸収剤であるNaClO2またはKMnO4をア
ルカリとセメント材で混練成型したNO除去剤
と、アルカリと粉末活性炭をセメント材で混練成
型したNO2除去剤とを設置したことを特徴とする
フアン付暖房機。 ２ 前記フイルターが、温風吹出フアンの空気吸
い込み口に設置されている特許請求の範囲第１項
記載のフアン付暖房機。 ３ 前記NO除去フイルターが、酸化吸収剤とし
てNaClO2を、アルカリとしてCa（OH）2を、セメ
ント材としてCaSO4・1/2H2Oをそれぞれ用いた
特許請求の範囲第１項記載のフアン付暖房機。 ４ 前記NO2除去フイルターが、アルカリとして
K2CO3，Ca（OH）2を、セメント材として
CaSO4・1/2H2Oをそれぞれ用いた特許請求の範
囲第１項記載のフアン付暖房機。[Scope of Claims] 1. NaClO 2 or KMnO 4, which is an oxidation absorbent, is used as a harmful gas removal filter sandwiched between polypropylene non-woven fabrics to form a sandwich structure in the air flow path of a heater with a built-in combustor and hot air blowing fan. A heating machine with a fan characterized in that it is equipped with an NO remover made by kneading and molding alkali and cement material, and an NO 2 remover by kneading and molding alkali and powdered activated carbon with cement material. 2. The fan-equipped heater according to claim 1, wherein the filter is installed at an air intake port of a hot air blowing fan. 3. The fan-equipped device according to claim 1, wherein the NO removal filter uses NaClO 2 as an oxidation absorbent, Ca(OH) 2 as an alkali, and CaSO 4 1/2H 2 O as a cement material. heater. 4 The NO 2 removal filter acts as an alkali.
K 2 CO 3 , Ca(OH) 2 as cement material
A heating machine with a fan according to claim 1, which uses CaSO 4 and 1/2H 2 O, respectively.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14459579A JPS5667529A (en) | 1979-11-07 | 1979-11-07 | Heater with fan |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14459579A JPS5667529A (en) | 1979-11-07 | 1979-11-07 | Heater with fan |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5667529A JPS5667529A (en) | 1981-06-06 |
| JPS6155410B2 true JPS6155410B2 (en) | 1986-11-27 |
Family
ID=15365710
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14459579A Granted JPS5667529A (en) | 1979-11-07 | 1979-11-07 | Heater with fan |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5667529A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58126642U (en) * | 1982-02-22 | 1983-08-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | hot air heater |
| WO2020153863A1 (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-30 | Владимир Борисович МИЛЕВСКИЙ | Method for heating non-residential spaces |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5328944A (en) * | 1976-08-27 | 1978-03-17 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Apparatus of cleaning air for tunnels |
| JPS5328093A (en) * | 1976-08-27 | 1978-03-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Air purifier |
| JPS5361560A (en) * | 1976-11-16 | 1978-06-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Air cleaning apparatus |
-
1979
- 1979-11-07 JP JP14459579A patent/JPS5667529A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5667529A (en) | 1981-06-06 |
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