Deprecated: The each() function is deprecated. This message will be suppressed on further calls in /home/zhenxiangba/zhenxiangba.com/public_html/phproxy-improved-master/index.php on line 456
JPS6156301B2 - - Google Patents
[go: Go Back, main page]

JPS6156301B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS6156301B2
JPS6156301B2 JP54010924A JP1092479A JPS6156301B2 JP S6156301 B2 JPS6156301 B2 JP S6156301B2 JP 54010924 A JP54010924 A JP 54010924A JP 1092479 A JP1092479 A JP 1092479A JP S6156301 B2 JPS6156301 B2 JP S6156301B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
nozzle
bubbles
gas
molten metal
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP54010924A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS55102429A (en
Inventor
Masayuki Taga
Tateo Aoki
Mitsuo Matsumoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority to JP1092479A priority Critical patent/JPS55102429A/en
Publication of JPS55102429A publication Critical patent/JPS55102429A/en
Publication of JPS6156301B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6156301B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2373Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media for obtaining fine bubbles, i.e. bubbles with a size below 100 µm
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234Surface aerating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/234Surface aerating
    • B01F23/2341Surface aerating by cascading, spraying or projecting a liquid into a gaseous atmosphere
    • B01F23/23413Surface aerating by cascading, spraying or projecting a liquid into a gaseous atmosphere using nozzles for projecting the liquid into the gas atmosphere
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Mixers With Rotating Receptacles And Mixers With Vibration Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

この発明は、溶融金属中に極微細な気泡を発生
させる方法に関する。 液体中に気泡を発生させる技術は、化学工業に
おける曝気処理、不純物等の分離除去、気液反応
の促進等に広く利用されており、又、金属精錬の
分野においても、冶金反応の促進、非金属介在物
の除去等を目的として、いわゆるガス撹拌が行な
われている。 上記のような目的からみて液体中に発生させる
気泡は、通常、微細なほど望ましい。すなわち、
微細な気泡が多数発生するほど、気泡と液体との
接触表面積が増大し、気液間の反応が促進され
る。又、気泡を介在物の浮上分離に利用するにし
ても、多数の微細な気泡の方が介在物を把えやす
く分離の効率が大きい。 しかし、金属精錬における溶融金属中への気泡
の導入は、単に気泡を発生させれば足りるという
程度の認識があつたにすぎず、その手段として
は、溶融金属中に多孔質の物体(ポーラスノズ
ル)を通してガスを吹き込んだり、あるいは、多
数の小孔を有する噴気盤によりガスを吹き込む方
法が採用されているだけである。 しかも、このような手段による限り、ガスの噴
出口の径をいかに小さくしても発生する気泡の微
細化には限界がある。すなわち、溶融金属中に浸
漬されたノズルから発生する気泡の大きさは、溶
融金属及びガスの性質やノズルの径により変る
が、更にノズルと溶融金属との濡れ性にも影響さ
れる。 第1図は、ノズル1によつて形成される気泡2
の状態を示すものである。同図aは、ノズル1と
溶融金属3との濡れ性がよい場合である。気泡は
ノズルの内径に付着して成長し、気泡の浮力がノ
ズルに付着しようとする表面張力に打ち勝つたと
きに、気泡はノズルから離脱して浮上する。この
とき発生した気泡の径Dは、次式で表わされる。 D=(6σd/γ−γs)〓 ……(1)式 ここで、D=気泡径(m) d=ノズル内径(m) σ=液の表面張力(Kg/m) γ=液の比重量(Kg/m3) γs=ガスの比重量(Kg/m3) (1)式によれば、ノズル径が小さい程、気泡の径
も小さくなるが、水に空気を吹き込んだ場合につ
いて計算すると、第1表に示すように、1μmの
ノズル径でもせいぜい0.354mm径の気泡が得られ
るにすぎない。
The present invention relates to a method for generating ultrafine bubbles in molten metal. The technology of generating bubbles in liquid is widely used in the chemical industry for aeration treatment, separation and removal of impurities, promotion of gas-liquid reactions, etc.It is also used in the field of metal refining to promote metallurgical reactions, So-called gas agitation is performed for the purpose of removing metal inclusions and the like. From the viewpoint of the above-mentioned purpose, it is generally desirable that the bubbles generated in the liquid be as fine as possible. That is,
The more fine bubbles are generated, the more the contact surface area between the bubbles and the liquid increases, and the reaction between the gas and liquid is promoted. Furthermore, even if air bubbles are used for flotation and separation of inclusions, a large number of fine air bubbles makes it easier to grasp the inclusions and increases separation efficiency. However, the introduction of air bubbles into molten metal in metal refining has only been recognized to the extent that it is sufficient to simply generate air bubbles. ), or by blowing gas through a blow disk with a large number of small holes. Moreover, as long as such means are used, there is a limit to the miniaturization of the bubbles generated no matter how small the diameter of the gas jet port is. That is, the size of bubbles generated from a nozzle immersed in molten metal varies depending on the properties of the molten metal and gas and the diameter of the nozzle, but is also influenced by the wettability of the nozzle and the molten metal. FIG. 1 shows a bubble 2 formed by a nozzle 1.
This indicates the state of Figure a shows a case where the nozzle 1 and the molten metal 3 have good wettability. The bubbles adhere to the inner diameter of the nozzle and grow, and when the buoyancy of the bubbles overcomes the surface tension that tends to cause them to adhere to the nozzle, the bubbles separate from the nozzle and float up. The diameter D of the bubbles generated at this time is expressed by the following equation. D = (6σd/γ-γs) = ...Equation (1) Where, D = Bubble diameter (m) d = Nozzle inner diameter (m) σ = Surface tension of liquid (Kg/m) γ = Specific weight of liquid (Kg/m 3 ) γs = specific weight of gas (Kg/m 3 ) According to equation (1), the smaller the nozzle diameter, the smaller the bubble diameter, but when calculating for the case where air is blown into water, As shown in Table 1, even with a nozzle diameter of 1 μm, bubbles with a diameter of at most 0.354 mm can be obtained.

【表】 ノズルと溶融金属との濡れ性が悪い場合、第1
図bに示すように気泡2は、ノズル1を出てから
更にノズル1面に沿つて広がるため、気泡径はノ
ズル径によつて規制されず、濡れ性のよい場合よ
りもさらに大きくなる。特に、溶融金属中に耐火
物性のポーラスプラグを浸漬してガスを吹き込む
場合、溶融金属と耐火物との濡れ性が悪いため
に、微細な気泡を得ることはきわめて困難である
(特開昭52−65711など)。 実験によれば、0.1〜0.6mmφの黒鉛ノズルを用
いて溶鋼中で発生させた気泡は、およそ10〜60mm
径であり、これよりもノズル径の小さいポーラス
プラグを用いても、前述の気泡がノズル面に沿つ
て広がる性質のために、さらに小径の気泡は発生
しない。 本発明者らは、溶融金属中に数μオーダーの極
微小の気泡を大量に発生させることを目的とし
て、従来の方法とは全く異なる方法を開発した。
すなわち、従来方法に見られるように溶融金属中
に浸漬したノズル等からガスを吹き込むのではな
く、溶融金属の表面もしくは、表面に極く近い溶
融金属中に、特定の条件でガスを吹きつける方法
である。 第2図は、この発明方法による気泡の発生機構
を模型的に示すものである。 溶融金属の液面近くに設置したノズル1から、
高速度で噴出されたガスジエツト4は、液面に衝
突してくぼみを生ぜしめる(第2図における領域
A)。このくぼみの前方には、ガスジエツト4に
押し上げられた液のふくらみが生じるが(領域
C)、その中間領域Bは、ガスジエツト4と液面
との衝突が最もはげしく、液面はジエツトのエネ
ルギーによつて激しく撹乱破砕され、一部は引き
ちぎられて飛散する(液面撹乱部5)。 この領域Bでは、大小さまざまの気泡が発生す
るが、そのうち径の大きな気泡2は、領域Cで浮
上し、微細気泡2′だけが液のジエツトの摩擦力
による伴流(領域Aの矢印)に乗つて領域Dから
先の液中に入つていく。 さて、領域Bにおいて、大小の気泡が発生する
ことは上述のとおりであるが、ここで、できる限
り微細な気泡を多量に発生させるためには、ガス
ジエツトの液面への吹きつけ角度(第2図のα)
と液面への衝突速度とが、重要な因子となる。 まず、吹きつけ角度αは、大きくなるほど液面
のくぼみが深くなるが、微細気泡の発生量は減少
し、液のスプラツシユ(飛散)が多くなる。 又、発生した微細気泡を液中に持ち込み、分散
させるには、ガスジエツトの摩擦力による伴流を
生じさせることも必要であり、そのためにも、ガ
スジエツトと液面との角度αを小さくとる必要が
ある。 各種の溶融金属を用いた実験結果によれば、α
が20゜を超えると微細気泡の発生量が著しく低減
し、スプラツシユのみが多くなる。一方、ノズル
の先端を液面に近づければ、αが0゜に近い小さ
な角度であつても第2図の領域B、すなわち気泡
発生領域は形成され、微細気泡の大量発生がみら
れる。 かかる知見からこの発明方法においては、ノズ
ルを液面上方に離して設置するだけでなく、後述
の第4図に示すごとく液面下にわずか浸漬した状
態でも有効に実施できる。この場合、ガスジエツ
トと液面との角度αは0゜となる。しかし、ノズ
ルを浸漬する場合の深さは、第2図又は第4図の
領域Bが形成されて、ガスジエツトと液面との激
しい衝突が実現可能な深さまでとしなければなら
ない。なぜなら、ノズルを深く浸漬しすぎると、
通常のバブリング(第1図参照)と同じになつ
て、微細な気泡の発生は期待できない。 次に、ガスジエツトの吹きつけ速度について説
明する。 第3図にガスジエツトの全圧の測定結果を示
す。ここで全圧は、そこに壁があると想定したと
きの壁が受ける圧力と考えることができる。そこ
で、第3図の図表では横軸にノズル先端からジエ
ツトの中心軸上の距離をノズル出口径で除した値
をとり、縦軸にはピトー管で測定した全圧値を示
す。又、マツハ数は流速を音速の値で除した値と
して定義されるので、音速以上の流速は、そのマ
ツハ数が1より大きい値である。 第3図において、領域Eはガスジエツトの核部
をなす部分で、ノズルを出て直後の部分であり、
ここでは全圧は一定のレベルを維持し、雰囲気と
の混合もほとんど生じない。 ノズル出口流速のマツハ数が2の超音速のガス
ジエツトは、第3図のに示すように、その領域
E部は、凹凸に富む定常波形をなしているのが特
徴である。このガスジエツトの核部(領域E)が
液面と衝突すると、ジエツトの大きな圧力変動の
ため溶融金属とガスとの界面が撹乱され、微細気
泡を発生させる作用が強大である。従つて、この
発明において、液面にガスジエツトを吹きつける
には、流速がマツハ数2程度のガスジエツトの領
域Eの部分を衝突させることが最も有効であるこ
とはいうまでもない。これに対し、流速がマツハ
数1のガスジエツト(第3図の)及び音速以下
のガスジエツト(第3図の:ノズル出口流速
150m/s)の全圧分布は、第3図にの超音速に
くらべ、絶対値も小さく、かつきわめて平坦なも
のであつて、たとえその領域E部を液面に衝突さ
せても、領域E部の圧力変動が小さいため上記の
ごとき微細気泡の多量発生は期待できない。 以上の説明から明らかなように、この発明の要
旨は、溶融金属の液面に対して水平角20゜以下の
角度で流速がマツハ数2程度のガスジエツトを吹
きつけ、そのガスジエツトの核部(領域E)を液
面に衝突させることを特徴とする溶融金属中に微
細な気泡を発生させる方法にある。 ここで噴射ガスとしては、空気、酸素、不活性
ガス、その他溶融金属中に微細気泡として混入さ
せて化学的、物理的な反応、操作を行なわせる必
要のあるもの全てが使用できる。 ガスを高速ジエツトとして吹きつけるためのノ
ズルは、およそ5mmφ以下の小径のものが望まし
い。径が大きくなると、液面からのスプラツシユ
が増大し、又ジエツトをマツハ数2程度に高速化
することも困難になる。なお、この発明方法で
は、ノズルと溶融金属との濡れ性は気泡の径に影
響しないので、ノズルの材質について、その濡れ
性を考慮する必要はない。ただ、溶融金属あるい
はガスによる侵食、耐熱性等を考慮して適当な材
質を選べばよい。 又、ノズルは小径のものを複数個用いてもよい
し、その配置は前述のように液面に対して20゜以
下の角度で、斜め上方から臨ませる方法、あるい
は、液面にすれすれに浸漬しほぼ水平に設置する
方法が採用できる。 この発明によれば、100μm以下、大部分は数
μmから数10μmの微細気泡が発生し、この気泡
は液の伴流に乗つて、速かに液の全体に均一に分
散される。もちろん、大きな気泡も少量発生する
が、第2図に示すように、この大きな気泡は直ち
に液面上に浮上し液から離脱する。 従来の方法、すなわち溶融金属中に深く浸漬し
たノズル、あるいは容器の底部に設けたポーラス
ノズルなどを用いてガスを吹き込む方法の場合、
大きな気泡が発生し液中を浮上して液面上に達し
たとき激しく液面を撹乱する。このことは、気泡
によつて溶融金属中の不純物を捕えて浮上分離さ
せるような操作においては、折角浮上した不純物
を再び溶融金属中に巻き込ませる結果を招く。
又、液面から激しいスプラツシユを引き起こし、
作業上の危険性の増大、及び製品の歩留りの低下
などの好ましくない結果を招く。 これに対し、この発明の方法は液面の極く狭い
領域に高速ガスジエツトを吹き付けるだけである
から、液面の乱れはほとんどない。その上表面で
発生した微細な気泡は、ガスジエツトによる溶融
金属の流れによつて速かに溶融金属全体に分散さ
れ、溶融金属とガスとの反応、あるいは気泡によ
る介在物の捕獲はきわめて効果的に行なわれる。 なお、気泡による溶融金属の処理だけでなく、
例えば溶融金属と精錬剤とを接触反応させる場合
のように、溶融金属に適当な添加剤等他の物質を
混合分散させたい場合にも、この発明の方法は適
用できる。この際は、添加剤の微粉をガスジエツ
トに混合して吹き付ける方法、あるいは予め他の
方法で添加剤を液中に混合してから、気泡を発生
させる方法等適宜の手段が採用できる。 次に、この発明を実施するための装置の一例を
説明する。ここでは、溶鋼中の非金属介在物の分
離除去に用いるものを説明する。 第4図は、取鍋6におけるこの装置の断面図で
あり、取鍋6中には溶鋼7が収容されている。そ
して、溶鋼の液面上の一部に、ガス吹き込み装置
が設けられている。この吹き込み装置は、第5図
〜第7図にその詳細を示すとおり、ガス吹き込み
管8、排気管9およびカバー10からなる。カバ
ー10は外気の巻き込みの防止とスプラツシユの
防止を兼ね、この場合には、耐火物で作り、外側
は鉄皮11で補強してある。吹き込み管8の先端
には、0.5〜1mmφの複数個の小孔13をもつセ
ラミツク製ノズル12が取付けられている。第6
図はカバー10のノズル12の位置での横断面図
であり、第7図には、ノズル12部分の拡大縦断
面図を示している。ノズル12の小孔13は、放
射状にかつ液面に対して0゜〜20゜の角度となる
ように設けられている。また、同カバー10に
は、微細気泡とならず不用となつたガスを排出す
るための排気管9が穿設されている。なお、第5
図の14はカバー内面に付着したスプラツシユで
ある。 実施例 上述の第4図から第7図に示したような装置を
用いて、アルミキルド鋼中の介在物除去を行なつ
た。 取鍋容量160トン、ノズル径0.7mm、ノズル数6
ケ、ノズルの液面に対する角度5゜、吹き込みガ
スはアルゴン、吹き込み流量180N/min、吹き
込み圧力7.5Kg/cm2G、ノズル出口速度マツハ数2.0
の条件で実施した。又比較のために、同一取鍋に
ポーラスプラグを取付けて底部から、吹き込み圧
力2.5Kg/cm2Gで、500N/minのアルゴンガスを吹
き込む従来のポーラスプラグ法の試験も実施し
た。 ガス吹き込み開始から30秒毎に各溶鋼の中央部
から、真空吸上げ方法によつてサンプリングして
急冷凝固させ、秤量した後、スライム法(電気分
解によつて試料を溶解し、非金属介在物のみを取
出す分析法)によつて、介在物を抽出し、各時点
での溶鋼中の介在物濃度を求めた。 第8図に、介在物濃度(100−R)の経時変化
を示す。ここで介在物除去率(R)は下記の(2)式
で定義する。 R=100−吹き込み開始後所定時間経過後の介在物濃度/吹き込み前の介在物濃度×100 ……(2)式 第8図中、曲線がこの発明による介在物濃度
(100−R)の経時変化を示し、従来のポーラスプ
ラグ方法による場合は曲線により示される。こ
の曲線の比較から明らかなように、この発明によ
れば、約3分間の吹き込みでその介在物濃度
(100−R)がほぼ零に近くなるまで介在物を除去
できるのに対し、従来方法では長時間をかけて
も、介在物濃度は80%程度以下に下ることはな
く、その効果は飽和してしまい、この発明によれ
ば介在物の除去が効率よく行なわれることがわか
る。 この効果の大きな差異は、ポーラスプラグによ
つて発生する気泡が10〜60mmφと大きいのに対
し、この発明の実施により発生する気泡は数10μ
mの微細気泡であること、及び従来方法では溶鋼
の撹乱が激しく、一たん表面に浮上した介在物
も、再び溶鋼中に巻き込まれてしまうのに対し
て、この発明では、取鍋内の溶鋼の循環流はゆる
やかであり、溶鋼表面の乱れもほとんどないた
め、一たん浮上した介在物はそのまま表面にとど
まるためである。 すなわち、この発明の実施によつて溶鋼中に発
生した微細気泡は、周囲の溶鋼中のガス成分を吸
収していくらか径を増すと共に、非金属介在物の
周囲に多数付着して、これに浮力を与える。浮上
途中で、介在物同志が衝突した場合、その表面に
付着した気泡の表面張力の作用により介在物の合
体が起り、介在物の集合と浮上が促進される。こ
のような機構によつて、介在物の浮上が起るので
気泡の大きさが介在物と同じ程度か、むしろそれ
より小さいことが介在物の除去率の向上にきわめ
て重要な意味をもつてくるのである。 上記実施例に示したように、除去率の効率が高
いということは、アルゴンガスの使用量が少なく
てすみ、溶鋼の温度の低下という問題がなくなる
等直接、間接に大きな効果がある。 上記実施例は、溶鋼の非金属介在物の除去を目
的とする場合であるが、この発明を溶鋼の脱炭を
目的として不活性ガスを吹き込む方法に応用すれ
ば、脱炭効率を著しく増大させることができる。
又、溶鋼中に脱酸剤、脱硫剤等を添加し何らかの
手段で撹拌混合してから、この発明の方法を適用
すれば、脱酸、脱硫反応によつて生成した酸化
物、硫化物等の浮上分離が促進され、処理の効率
が大幅に向上する。 そのほか、この発明では、ノズルを溶融金属中
に浸漬する必要はないから、溶鋼のごとく高温処
理においても、高価な耐火物製ノズルを用いなく
てもすむ。又、大気の巻き込みを問題としない場
合には、単なる小径の吹き込み管を液面近くに臨
ませるだけでも実施し得るので、設備的な負担は
従来方法に比較して極めて軽くてすむ。
[Table] If the wettability between the nozzle and the molten metal is poor,
As shown in FIG. b, since the bubbles 2 further spread along the nozzle surface after leaving the nozzle 1, the bubble diameter is not regulated by the nozzle diameter and becomes even larger than in the case of good wettability. In particular, when a refractory porous plug is immersed in molten metal and gas is blown into it, it is extremely difficult to obtain fine air bubbles due to poor wettability between the molten metal and the refractory (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 52 −65711, etc.). According to experiments, bubbles generated in molten steel using a graphite nozzle with a diameter of 0.1 to 0.6 mm have a diameter of approximately 10 to 60 mm.
Even if a porous plug with a nozzle diameter smaller than this is used, bubbles with even smaller diameters will not be generated due to the aforementioned property of bubbles spreading along the nozzle surface. The present inventors have developed a method that is completely different from conventional methods for the purpose of generating a large amount of microscopic bubbles on the order of several microns in molten metal.
In other words, instead of blowing gas from a nozzle etc. immersed in molten metal as seen in conventional methods, this method blows gas under specific conditions onto the surface of molten metal or into molten metal very close to the surface. It is. FIG. 2 schematically shows the bubble generation mechanism according to the method of this invention. From nozzle 1 installed near the liquid surface of the molten metal,
The gas jet 4 ejected at high velocity collides with the liquid surface and creates a depression (area A in FIG. 2). In front of this depression, a bulge of the liquid pushed up by the gas jet 4 occurs (area C), but in the middle area B, the collision between the gas jet 4 and the liquid surface is most violent, and the liquid level is changed by the energy of the jet. Then, it is violently disturbed and crushed, and a part of it is torn off and scattered (liquid surface disturbance section 5). In this region B, bubbles of various sizes are generated, but among them, the larger diameter bubbles 2 float to the surface in region C, and only the fine bubbles 2' become wakes (arrows in region A) due to the frictional force of the liquid jet. Get on it and go into the liquid from area D. As mentioned above, large and small bubbles are generated in region B, but in order to generate as many fine bubbles as possible, it is necessary to adjust the blowing angle of the gas jet to the liquid surface (second α in the figure)
and the speed of impact on the liquid surface are important factors. First, as the spray angle α increases, the depression in the liquid surface becomes deeper, but the amount of microbubbles generated decreases and the amount of liquid splash increases. In addition, in order to bring the generated microbubbles into the liquid and disperse them, it is necessary to generate a wake due to the frictional force of the gas jet, and for this purpose, it is necessary to keep the angle α between the gas jet and the liquid surface small. be. According to experimental results using various molten metals, α
When the angle exceeds 20°, the amount of microbubbles generated decreases significantly, and only splash increases. On the other hand, if the tip of the nozzle is brought closer to the liquid surface, even if α is a small angle close to 0°, region B in FIG. 2, that is, the bubble generation region, is formed, and a large amount of fine bubbles are generated. Based on this knowledge, the method of the present invention can be effectively carried out not only when the nozzle is placed above the liquid surface but also when it is slightly immersed below the liquid surface as shown in FIG. 4, which will be described later. In this case, the angle α between the gas jet and the liquid level is 0°. However, the depth at which the nozzle is immersed must be such that region B in FIG. 2 or 4 is formed and a violent collision between the gas jet and the liquid surface can be realized. Because if you immerse the nozzle too deeply,
This is the same as normal bubbling (see Figure 1), and the generation of fine bubbles cannot be expected. Next, the blowing speed of the gas jet will be explained. Figure 3 shows the measurement results of the total pressure of the gas jet. Here, the total pressure can be thought of as the pressure exerted on the wall assuming that there is a wall there. Therefore, in the diagram of FIG. 3, the horizontal axis shows the distance from the nozzle tip to the center axis of the jet divided by the nozzle outlet diameter, and the vertical axis shows the total pressure value measured with the pitot tube. Furthermore, since the Matsuh number is defined as the value obtained by dividing the flow velocity by the value of the sonic velocity, a flow velocity greater than or equal to the sonic velocity has a Matsuha number greater than 1. In FIG. 3, region E is the core of the gas jet, immediately after exiting the nozzle,
Here the total pressure remains at a constant level and there is little mixing with the atmosphere. A supersonic gas jet with a nozzle exit flow velocity having a Mach number of 2 is characterized in that its region E has a steady waveform with many irregularities, as shown in FIG. When the core portion (region E) of this gas jet collides with the liquid surface, the interface between the molten metal and the gas is disturbed due to the large pressure fluctuation of the jet, which has a strong effect of generating fine bubbles. Therefore, in the present invention, it goes without saying that in order to blow the gas jet onto the liquid surface, it is most effective to collide the region E of the gas jet with a flow velocity of about 2 Mach number. On the other hand, a gas jet whose flow velocity is 1 (as shown in Fig. 3) and a gas jet whose flow velocity is less than the speed of sound (as shown in Fig. 3: nozzle exit flow velocity)
150 m/s) has a smaller absolute value than the supersonic velocity shown in Figure 3, and is extremely flat. Since the pressure fluctuation in the area is small, the generation of a large amount of microbubbles as described above cannot be expected. As is clear from the above explanation, the gist of the present invention is to spray a gas jet with a flow velocity of approximately 2 Matsuh number at an angle of 20 degrees or less horizontally to the liquid surface of molten metal, and to E) A method for generating fine bubbles in molten metal, which is characterized by colliding with a liquid surface. As the propellant gas, air, oxygen, inert gas, or any other gas that needs to be mixed into the molten metal as fine bubbles to carry out chemical or physical reactions or operations can be used. The nozzle for spraying the gas as a high-speed jet preferably has a small diameter of about 5 mm or less. As the diameter becomes larger, the splash from the liquid surface increases, and it becomes difficult to increase the jet speed to about Mach number 2. In addition, in the method of this invention, since the wettability of the nozzle and the molten metal does not affect the bubble diameter, there is no need to consider the wettability of the material of the nozzle. However, an appropriate material should be selected in consideration of corrosion resistance by molten metal or gas, heat resistance, etc. In addition, multiple nozzles with small diameters may be used, and the nozzles may be arranged so as to be faced diagonally from above at an angle of 20° or less to the liquid surface, as described above, or by being immersed just above the liquid surface. Therefore, it is possible to install it almost horizontally. According to this invention, microbubbles of 100 μm or less, mostly from several μm to several tens of μm, are generated, and these bubbles ride the wake of the liquid and are quickly and uniformly dispersed throughout the liquid. Of course, a small amount of large bubbles are also generated, but as shown in FIG. 2, these large bubbles immediately rise to the surface of the liquid and separate from the liquid. In the case of conventional methods, i.e., blowing gas using a nozzle deeply immersed in the molten metal or a porous nozzle placed at the bottom of the container,
When large bubbles are generated, float through the liquid, and reach the liquid surface, they violently disturb the liquid surface. This means that in an operation in which impurities in the molten metal are captured by bubbles and floated and separated, the impurities that have floated are often drawn into the molten metal again.
Also, it causes a violent splash from the liquid surface,
This results in undesirable results such as increased work hazards and decreased product yield. In contrast, the method of the present invention only sprays a high-speed gas jet onto a very narrow area of the liquid surface, so there is almost no disturbance of the liquid surface. The fine bubbles generated on the upper surface are quickly dispersed throughout the molten metal by the flow of the molten metal by the gas jet, and the reaction between the molten metal and the gas and the capture of inclusions by the bubbles are extremely effective. It is done. In addition to processing molten metal with bubbles,
The method of the present invention can also be applied when it is desired to mix and disperse other substances such as appropriate additives into the molten metal, such as when molten metal and a refining agent are brought into a contact reaction. In this case, any appropriate means can be employed, such as a method in which fine powder of the additive is mixed with a gas jet and sprayed, or a method in which the additive is mixed into the liquid in advance by another method and then bubbles are generated. Next, an example of an apparatus for carrying out the present invention will be described. Here, we will explain what is used to separate and remove nonmetallic inclusions in molten steel. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of this device in a ladle 6, in which molten steel 7 is accommodated. A gas blowing device is provided above the surface of the molten steel. This blowing device consists of a gas blowing pipe 8, an exhaust pipe 9, and a cover 10, as shown in detail in FIGS. 5 to 7. The cover 10 serves both to prevent outside air from being drawn in and to prevent splashes, and in this case is made of refractory material and reinforced with an iron skin 11 on the outside. A ceramic nozzle 12 having a plurality of small holes 13 with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 mm is attached to the tip of the blowing pipe 8. 6th
The figure is a cross-sectional view of the cover 10 at the position of the nozzle 12, and FIG. 7 shows an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the nozzle 12 portion. The small holes 13 of the nozzle 12 are provided radially at an angle of 0° to 20° with respect to the liquid level. Further, the cover 10 is provided with an exhaust pipe 9 for discharging unnecessary gas that has not become microbubbles. Furthermore, the fifth
14 in the figure is a splash attached to the inner surface of the cover. EXAMPLE Inclusions in aluminum killed steel were removed using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 described above. Ladle capacity 160 tons, nozzle diameter 0.7mm, number of nozzles 6
ke, Angle of the nozzle with respect to the liquid level: 5°, Blow gas: Argon, Blow flow rate: 180 N/min, Blow pressure: 7.5 Kg/cm 2 G, Nozzle exit speed: Matsuha number 2.0
It was conducted under the following conditions. For comparison, a conventional porous plug method test was also conducted in which a porous plug was attached to the same ladle and argon gas was blown at a blowing pressure of 2.5 kg/cm 2 G and 500 N/min from the bottom. Every 30 seconds from the start of gas blowing, a sample is taken from the center of each molten steel using a vacuum suction method, rapidly solidified, weighed, and then the sample is dissolved using the slime method (electrolysis) to remove nonmetallic inclusions. The inclusions were extracted using an analysis method that extracts only the molten steel, and the concentration of inclusions in the molten steel at each point was determined. FIG. 8 shows the change in inclusion concentration (100-R) over time. Here, the inclusion removal rate (R) is defined by the following equation (2). R = 100 - Inclusion concentration after a predetermined time after the start of blowing / Inclusion concentration before blowing x 100 ... Equation (2) In Fig. 8, the curve shows the inclusion concentration (100 - R) according to the present invention over time. The change is shown by a curve in the case of the conventional porous plug method. As is clear from the comparison of these curves, according to the present invention, inclusions can be removed until the inclusion concentration (100-R) approaches zero by blowing for about 3 minutes, whereas with the conventional method Even after a long period of time, the concentration of inclusions does not fall below about 80%, and the effect is saturated, indicating that inclusions can be removed efficiently according to the present invention. The big difference in this effect is that the bubbles generated by the porous plug are as large as 10 to 60 mmφ, whereas the bubbles generated by implementing this invention are several tens of microns in diameter.
In addition, in the conventional method, the molten steel is violently disturbed, and the inclusions that once floated to the surface are caught up in the molten steel again.In this invention, however, the molten steel in the ladle This is because the circulating flow is gentle and there is almost no turbulence on the surface of the molten steel, so once the inclusions float to the surface, they remain on the surface. That is, the microbubbles generated in molten steel by implementing the present invention absorb gas components in the surrounding molten steel and increase their diameter somewhat, and also adhere in large numbers around nonmetallic inclusions, giving them buoyancy. give. When inclusions collide with each other during levitation, the inclusions coalesce due to the surface tension of air bubbles attached to their surfaces, promoting aggregation and levitation of the inclusions. This mechanism causes inclusions to float, so it is extremely important for the bubble size to be the same as, or even smaller than, the inclusions in improving the inclusion removal rate. It is. As shown in the above embodiments, a high removal rate has great effects both directly and indirectly, such as requiring less argon gas and eliminating the problem of lowering the temperature of molten steel. The above embodiment is for the purpose of removing non-metallic inclusions from molten steel, but if this invention is applied to a method of blowing inert gas for the purpose of decarburizing molten steel, the decarburization efficiency can be significantly increased. be able to.
Furthermore, if the method of the present invention is applied after adding a deoxidizing agent, desulfurizing agent, etc. to molten steel and stirring and mixing it by some means, oxides, sulfides, etc. generated by deoxidizing and desulfurizing reactions can be removed. Flotation separation is promoted and processing efficiency is greatly improved. In addition, in the present invention, since there is no need to immerse the nozzle in molten metal, there is no need to use an expensive refractory nozzle even in high-temperature processing such as molten steel. Furthermore, if the entrainment of the atmosphere is not a problem, it can be carried out simply by placing a small-diameter blowing pipe near the liquid surface, so the burden on equipment is extremely light compared to the conventional method.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は溶融金属中のノズルによる気泡形成の
機構を示す説明図、第2図はこの発明方法の気泡
発生機構を示す説明図、第3図はノズル出口より
の距離をノズル径で除した値とガスジエツト全圧
との関連を示す図表、第4図はこの発明の一実施
例を示す説明図、第5図はこの発明の実施に用い
る一装置の正面図、第6図は第5図における横断
面図、第7図は第5図におけるノズルの拡大縦断
面図、第8図は非金属介在物の介在物濃度(100
−R)と経時変化との関係を示す図表である。 図中、1……ノズル、2,2′……気泡、3…
…溶融金属、4……ガスジエツト、5……液面撹
乱部、6……取鍋、7……溶鋼、8……ガス吹き
込み管、9……排気管、10……カバー、11…
…鉄皮、12……セラミツクノズル、13……小
孔。
Figure 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the mechanism of bubble formation by the nozzle in molten metal, Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the bubble generation mechanism of the method of this invention, and Figure 3 is the distance from the nozzle outlet divided by the nozzle diameter. Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of this invention, Figure 5 is a front view of an apparatus used to carry out this invention, and Figure 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between values and total gas jet pressure. 7 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle in FIG. 5, and FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle in FIG.
-R) and changes over time. In the figure, 1... nozzle, 2, 2'... bubble, 3...
... Molten metal, 4 ... Gas jet, 5 ... Liquid level disturbance part, 6 ... Ladle, 7 ... Molten steel, 8 ... Gas blowing pipe, 9 ... Exhaust pipe, 10 ... Cover, 11 ...
...Iron skin, 12...Ceramic nozzle, 13...Small hole.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 溶融金属の液面に対して20゜以下の角度で、
流速がマツハ数2程度のガスジエツトを吹きつ
け、そのガスジエツトの核部を液面に衝突させる
ことを特徴とする溶融金属中に微細気泡を発生さ
せる方法。
1 At an angle of 20° or less to the liquid level of the molten metal,
A method for generating microbubbles in molten metal, which is characterized by blowing a gas jet with a flow rate of about 2 and causing the core of the gas jet to collide with the liquid surface.
JP1092479A 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Generating method for minute bubble in liquid Granted JPS55102429A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1092479A JPS55102429A (en) 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Generating method for minute bubble in liquid

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1092479A JPS55102429A (en) 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Generating method for minute bubble in liquid

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS55102429A JPS55102429A (en) 1980-08-05
JPS6156301B2 true JPS6156301B2 (en) 1986-12-02

Family

ID=11763777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1092479A Granted JPS55102429A (en) 1979-02-01 1979-02-01 Generating method for minute bubble in liquid

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS55102429A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01137902U (en) * 1988-03-14 1989-09-20

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0724833B2 (en) * 1991-12-20 1995-03-22 岩谷産業株式会社 Activated sludge treatment method and apparatus
JP4631561B2 (en) * 2005-06-27 2011-02-16 パナソニック電工株式会社 Microbubble generator
JP3969444B2 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-09-05 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Method for producing noble metal catalyst
JP4921576B2 (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-04-25 株式会社エクセディ Clutch operating device
US11642634B2 (en) * 2020-03-11 2023-05-09 Fuel Tech, Inc. Gas saturation of liquids with application to dissolved gas flotation and supplying dissolved gases to downstream processes and water treatment

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01137902U (en) * 1988-03-14 1989-09-20

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS55102429A (en) 1980-08-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3791813A (en) Method for injecting a gaseous reacting agent into a bath of molten metal
Luomala et al. Splashing and spitting behaviour in the combined blown steelmaking converter
TW201928068A (en) Method for oxygen transmission smelting of molten iron, and top-blow lance
JPS6156301B2 (en)
JP5365241B2 (en) Molten steel refining equipment
US4011290A (en) Method and device for dispersing a melt with a fluid jet
TURNER et al. A model investigation on emulsification of metal droplets in the basic oxygen steelmaking processes
JPH01127624A (en) Method and apparatus for refining molten metal by ultrasonic wave
JP2808197B2 (en) Vacuum refining of molten steel using large diameter immersion tube
JP4961787B2 (en) Hot metal desulfurization method
JPH06502125A (en) Method for delayed introduction of particulate alloys during liquid metal casting
JP6926928B2 (en) Refining method of molten steel
JP7163780B2 (en) Molten steel refining method
Singh et al. Fluid dynamics and mass transfer in submerged gas-particle jets
Barron et al. Bubbling to jetting transition during argon injection in molten steel
JP2915631B2 (en) Vacuum refining of molten steel in ladle
JP3124416B2 (en) Vacuum refining method of molten steel by gas injection
JPH07238312A (en) Ultra low carbon steel manufacturing method and vacuum degassing apparatus
JP3377325B2 (en) Melting method of high cleanness ultra low carbon steel
JPH05311227A (en) Reduced pressure-vacuum degassing refining method for molten metal
JP2025036954A (en) Slag removal method and device
JPH0735552B2 (en) Method and apparatus for generating fine bubbles in molten metal
JP6623933B2 (en) Desulfurization method of molten steel
JP2016079469A (en) Desulfurization method for molten steel
JPH06116624A (en) Method for vacuum-refining molten steel