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JPS6158810B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS6158810B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6158810B2
JPS6158810B2 JP3940883A JP3940883A JPS6158810B2 JP S6158810 B2 JPS6158810 B2 JP S6158810B2 JP 3940883 A JP3940883 A JP 3940883A JP 3940883 A JP3940883 A JP 3940883A JP S6158810 B2 JPS6158810 B2 JP S6158810B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
magnet
magneto
polarizer
optical element
polarization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP3940883A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS59165020A (en
Inventor
Kazuhide Okazaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoya Corp
Original Assignee
Hoya Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoya Corp filed Critical Hoya Corp
Priority to JP3940883A priority Critical patent/JPS59165020A/en
Publication of JPS59165020A publication Critical patent/JPS59165020A/en
Publication of JPS6158810B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6158810B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/09Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect
    • G02F1/093Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on magneto-optical elements, e.g. exhibiting Faraday effect used as non-reciprocal devices, e.g. optical isolators, circulators

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明は、フアラデー効果を利用した光アイソ
レータの波長特性及び温度特性の改良に関する。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to improving the wavelength characteristics and temperature characteristics of an optical isolator using the Faraday effect.

光アイソレータは、一般に通信機において反射
波を吸収して伝送方向を単一化するために使用さ
れ、光フアイバ−伝送においても光源の安定化、
フアイバーの接続点及び入出端などから反射され
た後進波の除去など、伝送品質を確保するために
使用されている。
Optical isolators are generally used in communications equipment to absorb reflected waves and unify the transmission direction, and are also used to stabilize light sources in optical fiber transmission.
It is used to ensure transmission quality by removing backward waves reflected from fiber connection points, input and output ends, etc.

この光アイソレータの基本構成は、第1図に示
すように、フアラデー効果を有する磁気光学素子
1と、一対の偏光子2,3と、磁気光学素子1に
磁界を印加するための磁石4とから構成されてい
る。そして、矢印aの方向に伝搬する入射光は、
偏光子2を透過後、直線偏光となつて、磁気光学
素子1に入射し、この磁気光学素子1を伝搬中、
光は、その偏波面が磁石4の磁界強度により通常
45゜回転した状態で偏光子3に入射し、この偏光
子3の傾きが予め入射光の偏波面の傾き(45゜)
と等しく設定されているので、この入射光を透過
させる。一方、矢印bのように逆方向に伝搬する
入射光は、偏光子3、磁気光学素子1を透過する
ことにより、偏光子2の偏波面に対して90゜傾い
た偏波面をもつて直線偏光になつて偏光子2に入
射されるために、この逆方向の入射光は偏光子2
を透過しない。
As shown in FIG. 1, the basic configuration of this optical isolator includes a magneto-optical element 1 having a Faraday effect, a pair of polarizers 2 and 3, and a magnet 4 for applying a magnetic field to the magneto-optic element 1. It is configured. Then, the incident light propagating in the direction of arrow a is
After passing through the polarizer 2, it becomes linearly polarized light and enters the magneto-optical element 1, and while propagating through the magneto-optical element 1,
The plane of polarization of light is normally determined by the magnetic field strength of magnet 4.
The light is rotated by 45 degrees and enters the polarizer 3, and the inclination of the polarizer 3 is the inclination of the plane of polarization of the incident light (45 degrees).
Since it is set equal to , this incident light is transmitted. On the other hand, the incident light propagating in the opposite direction as indicated by arrow b passes through the polarizer 3 and the magneto-optical element 1, and becomes linearly polarized with a plane of polarization tilted at 90 degrees with respect to the plane of polarization of the polarizer 2. Since the incident light in the opposite direction is incident on the polarizer 2,
does not pass through.

このような動作を行う場合、光の波長に対応し
て、適切な強度の磁界を磁気光学素子1に加える
必要がある。従来、磁石4として永久磁石(例え
ば焼結タイプの希土類磁石)を使用し、この永久
磁石4と磁気光学素子1との相対位置は固定され
ているために、磁気光学素子1に印加される磁界
強度は一定である。したがつて、従来の光アイソ
レータは、使用する光の波長を予め定めておき、
その波長に対応する強度をもつ磁界が印加される
ように設計されている。更に、磁気光学素子1の
材質(例えば常磁性ガラス)が温度依存性をもつ
場合には、使用温度をも設定しておき、その温度
における磁界が印加されるように構成されてい
る。しかしながら、従来の光アイソレータは、あ
る定まつた波長でしか使用できず、かつ磁気光学
材料に温度依存性があることから、磁気光学素子
1内における偏波面回転角が所定値からずれてし
まい、適切な動作が期待できなくなつてしまう欠
点があつた。
When performing such an operation, it is necessary to apply a magnetic field of appropriate strength to the magneto-optical element 1 in accordance with the wavelength of the light. Conventionally, a permanent magnet (for example, a sintered rare earth magnet) is used as the magnet 4, and the relative position between the permanent magnet 4 and the magneto-optical element 1 is fixed, so that the magnetic field applied to the magneto-optical element 1 The intensity is constant. Therefore, in conventional optical isolators, the wavelength of the light to be used is determined in advance.
It is designed to apply a magnetic field with an intensity corresponding to that wavelength. Furthermore, if the material of the magneto-optical element 1 (for example, paramagnetic glass) has temperature dependence, the operating temperature is also set, and the magnetic field is applied at that temperature. However, since conventional optical isolators can only be used at a certain fixed wavelength and the magneto-optic material has temperature dependence, the polarization plane rotation angle within the magneto-optical element 1 deviates from a predetermined value. There was a drawback that proper operation could no longer be expected.

本発明の目的は、上記した欠点を除去するため
に、磁気光学素子に印加される磁界強度を可変で
きるようにすることによつて、様々な波長の光に
対して、しかも使用温度に合わせて適切に働くよ
う調整可能な光アイソレータ装置を提供すること
である。
An object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks by making it possible to vary the magnetic field strength applied to a magneto-optical element, thereby making it possible to adjust the intensity of the magnetic field to light of various wavelengths and according to the operating temperature. It is an object of the present invention to provide an optical isolator device that can be adjusted to work properly.

本発明のもう1つの目的は、構造を簡素化し、
かつ小型化を画つた光アイソレータ装置を提供す
ることである。
Another object of the invention is to simplify the structure and
Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical isolator device that is miniaturized.

第2図は、本発明による光アイソレータ装置の
基本構成の実施例を示し、符号について第1図に
示した符号と同一のものは同一機能部品を示す。
同図において、5は永久磁石4に対して所定間隔
で固定された新たな永久磁石、6は先端が永久磁
石4に向かつて移動する押圧部である。磁気光学
素子1に磁界を供給する永久磁石4は、矢印cの
方向に沿つて移動可能であり、その一端(図中、
下端)は、この永久磁石4の極性と同一の極性を
対面させた永久磁石5により反発力を受け、その
他端(図中、上端)は、押圧部6により押圧され
て、結局、この永久磁石4を、押圧部6の押圧に
応じて、矢印cの方向に移動させながら支持する
ことができる。この永久磁石4の移動は、磁気光
学素子1に対して印加する磁界強度を可変させる
ことになるから、使用光の波長及び使用温度に対
応した最適な磁界強度を磁気光学素子1に印加す
るように調整することができる。なお、押圧部6
は調整後に固定される。
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the basic configuration of an optical isolator device according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 1 indicate the same functional parts.
In the figure, 5 is a new permanent magnet fixed to the permanent magnet 4 at a predetermined interval, and 6 is a pressing part whose tip moves toward the permanent magnet 4. A permanent magnet 4 that supplies a magnetic field to the magneto-optical element 1 is movable along the direction of arrow c, and has one end (in the figure,
The lower end) receives a repulsive force from the permanent magnet 5 whose polarity is the same as that of the permanent magnet 4, and the other end (the upper end in the figure) is pressed by the pressing part 6, and eventually this permanent magnet 4 can be supported while being moved in the direction of arrow c according to the pressure of the pressing part 6. This movement of the permanent magnet 4 changes the magnetic field strength applied to the magneto-optical element 1, so that the optimum magnetic field strength corresponding to the wavelength of the light used and the temperature used is applied to the magneto-optical element 1. can be adjusted to In addition, the pressing part 6
is fixed after adjustment.

ところで、磁気光学素子1中を伝搬する偏光偏
波面が所定の回転角θだけ回転させる場合におい
て、この回転角θは、磁界強度Hと伝搬経路長l
との相関式θ=VHl(ここでVはヴエルデイ定数
である。)が成立している。そして、本発明によ
れば、磁気光学素子1に有効に印加する磁界は、
永久磁石4の他に、永久磁石5も作用することに
なるから、上記相関式において磁界強度Hが増加
する。したがつて、所定の回転角θを得る場合に
おいて、本発明では、磁界強度Hの増加分に応じ
て、永久磁石4及び5の寸法を小型化したり、又
は伝搬経路長lすなわち磁気光学素子の寸法を小
型化することができる。
By the way, when the plane of polarization propagating in the magneto-optical element 1 is rotated by a predetermined rotation angle θ, this rotation angle θ is determined by the magnetic field strength H and the propagation path length l.
The correlation equation θ=VHl (where V is Werday's constant) holds true. According to the present invention, the magnetic field effectively applied to the magneto-optical element 1 is
In addition to the permanent magnet 4, the permanent magnet 5 also acts, so the magnetic field strength H increases in the above correlation equation. Therefore, when obtaining a predetermined rotation angle θ, the present invention reduces the dimensions of the permanent magnets 4 and 5 or increases the propagation path length l, that is, the magneto-optical element, depending on the increase in the magnetic field strength H. Dimensions can be reduced.

第3図は本発明の具体的な一実施例を示し、同
図イは軸方向の断面図及び同図ロは同図イのX−
X線個所の断面図を示す。本例では、10は常磁
性ガラス((株)保谷硝子製:FR−5ガラス)を多
重反射型に成形した磁気光学素子であり、入射面
と出射面には反射防止膜11,12が、2つの反
射面には反射膜13,14が被着され、素子本体
は円筒状の内側ケース70(アルミニウム、ジユ
ラルミン、樹脂などの非磁性材料)の中心付近に
固着されている。20と30はロシヨンプリズム
からなる偏光子であり、偏光子20は入射光を直
線偏光し、偏光子30は偏光子20の偏波面に対
して45゜傾いた偏波面をもち、それぞれ内側ケー
ス70の内側面に光軸上に調整して固着される。
40は焼結タイプの希土類磁石を円筒状に成形し
た永久磁石であり、その磁界は入射する偏光偏波
面を45゜回転させる強度を有している。そして永
久磁石40の外側面は外側ケース71(アルミニ
ウムなどの非磁性材料)の中心付近における内側
面と軸方向に移動可能状態で嵌合する。なお、こ
の外側ケース71の両開口端はシボリ加工され
て、前記内側ケース70の両端外側面と嵌合固定
される。50は前記永久磁石40の極性(本例N
極)と同一の極性を対面させ、内側ケース70の
開口端側の内側面に固着された新たな永久磁石で
ある。この永久磁石50により、前記永久磁石4
0が反発力を受ける。60は永久磁石40を中心
にして新たな永久磁石50とは反対側に位置する
外側ケース71の開口端近傍から挿入固定したマ
イクロメータからなる押圧部である。この押圧部
60により、前記永久磁石40を所定位置に支持
することができる。以上のような構成により、本
例においても前実施例と同様な作用効果を奏す
る。
FIG. 3 shows a specific embodiment of the present invention, in which A is a sectional view in the axial direction and B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A in the figure.
A cross-sectional view of the X-ray location is shown. In this example, 10 is a magneto-optical element made of paramagnetic glass (FR-5 glass manufactured by Hoya Glass Co., Ltd.) molded into a multi-reflection type, and anti-reflection films 11 and 12 are provided on the incident surface and the exit surface. Reflective films 13 and 14 are adhered to the two reflective surfaces, and the element body is fixed near the center of a cylindrical inner case 70 (made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum, duralumin, or resin). 20 and 30 are polarizers made of a Rossillon prism, the polarizer 20 linearly polarizes incident light, the polarizer 30 has a plane of polarization inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the plane of polarization of the polarizer 20, and each inner case It is fixed to the inner surface of the lens 70 while being adjusted on the optical axis.
Reference numeral 40 denotes a permanent magnet made of a sintered rare earth magnet molded into a cylindrical shape, and its magnetic field has an intensity that rotates the plane of polarization of incident light by 45 degrees. The outer surface of the permanent magnet 40 is fitted to the inner surface near the center of the outer case 71 (made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum) so as to be movable in the axial direction. Note that both open ends of the outer case 71 are embossed and are fitted and fixed to the outer surfaces of both ends of the inner case 70. 50 indicates the polarity of the permanent magnet 40 (in this example N
This is a new permanent magnet that is fixed to the inner surface of the open end side of the inner case 70, with the same polarity facing the magnet. This permanent magnet 50 allows the permanent magnet 4
0 receives a repulsive force. Reference numeral 60 denotes a pressing section made of a micrometer inserted and fixed from near the open end of the outer case 71 located on the opposite side of the new permanent magnet 50 with the permanent magnet 40 as the center. This pressing portion 60 can support the permanent magnet 40 in a predetermined position. With the above configuration, this example also provides the same effects as those of the previous example.

ところで、第3図イにおいて破線で示した光学
活性素子80が磁気光学素子10と共に、一対の
偏光子20と30の間に光軸調整されて内側ケー
ス70の内側面に配置された実施例を示してい
る。この光学活性素子80としては、無機又は有
機物の結晶(例えば水晶、酸化テルル、ブドウ糖
など)からなり、自然施光性又は光学異方性を利
用して入射する偏光偏波面を45゜回転させること
から、本例の偏光子30は、入射側の偏光子20
の偏波面に対して90゜傾いた偏波面をもつことに
なる。本例では、磁気光学素子1のフアラデー施
光能と光学活性素子の自然施光能を相互作用させ
て、施光能の波長依存性を少なくし、逆方向損失
を大きくすることができる。
By the way, an embodiment in which an optically active element 80 indicated by a broken line in FIG. It shows. The optically active element 80 is made of an inorganic or organic crystal (for example, quartz, tellurium oxide, glucose, etc.), and rotates the plane of polarization of incident polarized light by 45 degrees by utilizing natural light distribution or optical anisotropy. Therefore, the polarizer 30 of this example is the polarizer 20 on the incident side.
It has a plane of polarization tilted at 90° with respect to the plane of polarization. In this example, the Faradic power of the magneto-optical element 1 and the natural light power of the optically active element are made to interact, thereby reducing the wavelength dependence of the light power and increasing the reverse loss.

以上の実施例では、フアラデー回転角θを45゜
に設定する場合について説明したが、この回転角
θは個々の設計で所定値に設定される。例えば順
方向損失を多少犠牲にして、磁石寸法を小さくさ
せたい場合には、この回転角θを45゜よりも小さ
く、例えば35゜に設定してもよい。この場合、出
射側の偏光子における偏波面の傾きを同様に小さ
くさせることになる。また、実施例に挙げた以外
の材質については、磁気光学素子としてイツトリ
ウム鉄ガーネツト(YIG)などの強磁性体、偏光
子としてグランフーコープリズム、グラントンプ
ソンプリスム、ビームスプリツタなどでもよい。
In the above embodiment, a case has been described in which the Faraday rotation angle θ is set to 45°, but this rotation angle θ is set to a predetermined value depending on the individual design. For example, if it is desired to reduce the magnet size at the expense of some forward loss, the rotation angle θ may be set to be smaller than 45°, for example 35°. In this case, the inclination of the plane of polarization in the polarizer on the output side is similarly reduced. Further, with respect to materials other than those mentioned in the embodiments, a ferromagnetic material such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) may be used as the magneto-optical element, a Glan-Foucault prism, a Glan-Thompson prism, a beam splitter, etc. may be used as the polarizer.

以上のとおり、本発明の光アイソレータ装置に
よれば、様々な波長の光に対して、使用温度に適
合させた最適状態に調整し、更に小型化すること
ができる。
As described above, according to the optical isolator device of the present invention, it is possible to adjust light of various wavelengths to an optimal state suited to the operating temperature, and to further reduce the size.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は従来の光アイソレータの基本構成例、
第2図は本発明による光アイソレータ装置の基本
構成例、第3図は本発明による他の実施例を示す
図である。 1,10……磁気光学素子、2,3,20,3
0……偏光子、4,40……磁石、5,50……
新たな磁石、6,60……押圧部。
Figure 1 shows an example of the basic configuration of a conventional optical isolator.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the basic configuration of an optical isolator device according to the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing another embodiment according to the present invention. 1, 10... magneto-optical element, 2, 3, 20, 3
0...Polarizer, 4,40...Magnet, 5,50...
New magnet, 6, 60...pressing part.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 入射光を直線偏波にして出射させる第1偏光
子と、前記第1偏光子の出射光の偏波面を磁石の
磁界内にてフアラデー効果により所定角度回転さ
せた偏波面にして出射させる磁気光学素子と、前
記磁気光学素子の出射光を透過させる偏波面の傾
きを有する第2偏光子とを具備した光アイソレー
タにおいて、前記磁石が前記磁気光学素子の設置
場所を中心にして直線上の両方向に移動すると共
に、前記磁石の両端のうち、一方が前記磁石の極
性と同一の極性に対面した新たな磁石により反発
力を受け、かつ他方が押圧されることにより、前
記磁石が前記磁気光学素子に対して所定位置に設
定されていることを特徴とする光アイソレータ装
置。 2 入射光を直線偏波にして出射させる第1偏光
子と、後記磁気光学素子及び後記光学活性素子の
出射光を透過させる偏光偏波面の傾きを有する第
2偏光子と、前記第1偏光子と前記第2偏光子の
間に配置され、かつ磁石の磁界内にてフアラデー
効果により偏波面を所定角度回転させる磁気光学
素子及び自然旋光性により偏波面を所定角度回転
させる光学活性素子を具備した光アイソレータに
おいて、前記磁石が前記磁気光学素子の設置場所
を中心にして直線上の両方向に移動すると共に、
前記磁石の両端のうち、一方が前記磁石の極性と
同一の極性に対面した新たな磁石により反発力を
受け、かつ他方が押圧されることにより、前記磁
石が前記磁気光学素子に対して所定位置に設定さ
れていることを特徴とする光アイソレータ装置。
[Scope of Claims] 1. A first polarizer that converts incident light into a linearly polarized wave and outputs it; and a polarizer that rotates the polarization plane of the output light of the first polarizer by a predetermined angle within the magnetic field of a magnet by the Faraday effect. In an optical isolator comprising a magneto-optical element that outputs light as a wavefront, and a second polarizer having a polarization plane tilted to transmit light emitted from the magneto-optical element, the magnet is centered at a location where the magneto-optical element is installed. While moving in both directions on a straight line, one of the two ends of the magnet receives a repulsive force from a new magnet facing the same polarity as that of the magnet, and the other end is pressed. An optical isolator device characterized in that a magnet is set at a predetermined position with respect to the magneto-optical element. 2. A first polarizer that converts incident light into a linearly polarized wave and outputs it; a second polarizer that has a tilted plane of polarization that transmits the output light of the magneto-optical element described later and the optically active element described later; and the first polarizer. and the second polarizer, and includes a magneto-optical element that rotates the plane of polarization by a predetermined angle by the Faraday effect within the magnetic field of the magnet, and an optically active element that rotates the plane of polarization by a predetermined angle by natural optical rotation. In the optical isolator, the magnet moves in both directions on a straight line around the installation location of the magneto-optical element, and
One of both ends of the magnet receives a repulsive force from a new magnet facing the same polarity as the magnet, and the other end is pressed, so that the magnet is placed in a predetermined position relative to the magneto-optical element. An optical isolator device characterized by being set to.
JP3940883A 1983-03-10 1983-03-10 Optical isolator device Granted JPS59165020A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3940883A JPS59165020A (en) 1983-03-10 1983-03-10 Optical isolator device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP3940883A JPS59165020A (en) 1983-03-10 1983-03-10 Optical isolator device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59165020A JPS59165020A (en) 1984-09-18
JPS6158810B2 true JPS6158810B2 (en) 1986-12-13

Family

ID=12552161

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP3940883A Granted JPS59165020A (en) 1983-03-10 1983-03-10 Optical isolator device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59165020A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5715080A (en) * 1992-09-11 1998-02-03 Scerbak; David G. Compact uniform field Faraday isolator
GB9610621D0 (en) * 1996-05-21 1996-07-31 Hewlett Packard Co Optical isolator
US8547636B1 (en) 2010-11-03 2013-10-01 Electro-Optics Technology, Inc. Tunable magnet structure
JP2016051105A (en) * 2014-09-01 2016-04-11 株式会社フジクラ Faraday rotator and optical isolator using the same
US10718963B1 (en) 2016-11-16 2020-07-21 Electro-Optics Technology, Inc. High power faraday isolators and rotators using potassium terbium fluoride crystals

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59165020A (en) 1984-09-18

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