JPS6216322B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a joint of structural elements, a means for joining structural elements, and a container comprising structural elements connected to each other by said joint.

Conventionally, there are many methods for joining structural elements such as containers whose main elements are in the form of sheets. A sheet is a very rigid and resilient element in which one dimension (thickness) is relatively smaller than the other dimensions, for example the plastic corrugated sheet of an aircraft wing jacket or the roof of a small car garage. It is.

It is known that joining methods can be divided into two types. One of them is one that can be assembled and disassembled without destroying the materials of the structural elements and connecting elements, and the other is one that cannot be assembled and disassembled.
This also applies when one sheet element is joined to another sheet element, or when one sheet element is joined to another structural element (for example, a beam, a structure, a metal fitting).

In the first type of joining technique, fastening methods such as pinning and bolting are typically used.
In this case, the loads are transferred from the sheet element to the other structural element (sheet element or other element) via the fastening element as shear forces, tension forces, bending forces. The above method has a major drawback in that a higher stress (intensity of load) is generated at the interface between the sheet and the fastening member than in other parts of the sheet. This creates a need to make the structure heavier than necessary. This is because the thickness of the sheet is often determined by the stress level in the fastener section, or requires a large number of fasteners and large mounting flanges in the joint section.

It is an object of the present invention to avoid unnecessary weight gain by utilizing strength throughout the sheet element and to avoid the need for holes in the sheet to retain shape and position, thereby reducing loss in joint efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to devise a joint that not only does not require a large number of fasteners, but also minimizes the number of fastening members to be used and can be easily disassembled and assembled.

The second type of joint is known by those skilled in the art to have a number of drawbacks. Since the present invention belongs to the first category, the second category will not be described below.

The invention can also be compared to the prior art for assembling structural elements, such as extruded and rolled products, etc., which have a constant cross-section over their entire length.

Such prior art techniques include interlocking joints that latch onto each other in a picture-perfect manner, with one element having a geometric cross-sectional shape that matches the shape of the other element.
There are usually two types of such joints:

(a) The first type is a loose combination in which the joint can be easily disassembled and assembled, but requires a sufficiently large gap between the elements. This gap must be filled by at least one element before the load can be transferred. Failure to do so will result in play, wear and fatigue. The above-mentioned joints are usually not sufficient when subjected to so-called biting vibrations and are therefore not the most efficient joints. Typical examples are the rollers and blind doors of vans and certain cabinets.

(b) The second is a tight assembly with sufficient clearance to facilitate initial assembly, but small enough to prevent movement, play, and wear. These joints have the disadvantage that after a certain period of time after assembly they become extremely difficult to disassemble, for example due to corrosion or dirt and dust.
A typical example is modern aluminum alloy window frame assemblies.

It is an object of the invention to adopt the advantages of locking joints for use in structural sheet elements, while avoiding the disadvantages hitherto experienced with rigid elements with constant cross-section.

The present invention is a joint between a sheet and a structural element, comprising:
The sheet has an elongated portion along which the structural element is to be joined, the elongated portion comprising a gutter-shaped portion over substantially its entire width and a plurality of first holes, and the structural element is , a contoured portion engaging the trough-shaped portion, and a plurality of second holes communicating with at least some of the first holes, and at least some of the first and second holes communicating with each other. A joint comprising a first fastening member penetrating through the first fastening member and a second fastening member that engages with the first fastening member, wherein the sheet and the structural element are located between the first fastening member and the second fastening member. the elongated portion of the structure comprises two generally parallel gutter-shaped portions spaced apart from each other and a first hole provided between the two gutter-shaped portions, and the structural element is spaced apart from each other. the fastening member includes two bored contoured portions and a second hole provided between the two contoured portions; The gutter-shaped portion and the contoured portion are formed so as to pick up a component of the external force that acts in a direction that tends to separate the two portions when an external force is applied thereto. When one is formed to fit snugly into the other and both parts are in contact with each other, the loads transmitted between the structural elements of the sheet in use are transmitted substantially as compressive loads; To provide a joint which can be engaged simply by inserting one of the two parts into the other, and which is characterized in that the fastening member is substantially only loaded in tension during use.

The above-mentioned phrase "can be engaged at the insertion length" means that the two parts are moved relative to each other in the longitudinal direction for insertion, or they are mutually latched or mutually rotated, or they are permanently engaged. This means that there is no need to deform both members to lock them together, even if only temporarily.

The present invention also provides joint structures for sheets and structural elements (which may also be sheets) and products comprising sheets and structural elements joined by the joints of the present invention.

The structural principle of the present invention will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 14.

FIG. 1 shows a joint between a sheet 11 and a structural element 12 connected thereto, for example a beam. The fitting has
A tensile load A on the sheet 11 and an adjacent element 1
2, a load B toward a certain surface of the sheet and a load C directed away from the surface act, and the loads A, B, and C are caused by reaction forces A', B', and
It is balanced with C′. The adjacent elements may have any shape, but only the interface of the joint must match the shape of the sheet 11.

This structure provides a seat geometry in the joint that provides counteracting load components in a plane perpendicular to the loading direction. For example, in FIG. 1, the tensile load A on the sheet 11 can be counteracted by another element 12, since the sheet 11 has a section perpendicular to the load A at the point of the reaction force A'. .

A second joint between the sheet 21 and the element 22 adjacent thereto is shown in FIG. A tensile load A, a compressive load B on the sheet 21, and a load C directed away from a certain surface of the sheet so as to be transmitted to the adjacent element 22 act on the joint, and the loads A, B, and C are each affected by a reaction force A. ′, B′ and C′. The adjacent elements can be of any shape, but only the interface of the joint must match the shape of the sheet 21.

The joints described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2 can be combined to join the two structural sheet elements 31 and 32 shown in FIG. 3. Vertical sheet 31 has approximately the shape shown in FIG. 1, and horizontal sheet 32 has approximately the shape shown in FIG. The sheet 31 has a gutter-shaped portion, and the gutter-shaped portion
A portion 31a extending substantially perpendicular to the vertical body of
, a portion 31b extending substantially perpendicular to the portion 31a and parallel to the vertical body;
1b and extends substantially at right angles to the portion 31a.
31c. As can be seen from FIG. 3, all parts and the main body of the sheet 31 are integral, and each part is formed by bending its edges. Sheet 32 is made in a similar manner,
A portion 32a extending substantially perpendicular to the horizontal body of the sheet 32 and a portion 32b perpendicular to portion 32a.
and a complementary contour portion including a portion 32c perpendicular to the portion 32b.

Straight portions 31a, 31b, 31 of sheet 31
c and the linear portions 32a, 32b of the sheet 32,
32c is dimensioned so as to apply a load that acts inversely over a sufficiently large area, or to be easy to manufacture, or to achieve both, and to maintain sufficient rigidity of the joint. You can change it in many ways. The above contoured portions of sheets 31 and 32 have the property that the load applied to sheet 31 balances the load applied to sheet 32 (load A' is balanced with load A, load B' is balanced with load B, load C' is Provides a joint having a load C (balanced with load C).

The example construction of the joint according to FIG. 3 can be modified to counteract additional loads.
Two such variants will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 4 shows a vertical sheet 41 and a horizontal sheet 42 contoured along adjacent edges as described with respect to FIG. can be transmitted. As can be seen in FIG. 4, a hole 43 is drilled in section 41a of sheet 41, and another hole 44 is drilled in section 42b of sheet 42. Fastening members 45, 4 consisting of two parts in parts 41a and 42b
6 connects sheets 41 and 42, the stems of both fastening members passing through holes 43 and 44. The fastening members 45 and 46 transmit only the vertical loads D and D' to balance both loads. This fastening member is configured to take only tensile stress and does not necessarily have to be shown in the drawings. As can be seen in Figure 4, the holes 43 and 44 are larger than the cross-sectional area of the stem of the fastening member to provide sufficient clearance. Therefore, the shapes and positions of the holes 43 and 44 do not need to be exact and do not need to be coaxial. The sheets 41 and 42 shown in cross section are relatively long, so that the sections 41a and 42b are laminar and have a number of spaced holes through which they can be secured by a number of fastening members 45, 46. Connected. In this text, only one fastening member has been illustrated and described in order to simplify the explanation. The advantage of using fasteners is that the spaced apart joints are held together to allow for handling prior to loading.

To disassemble the joint, depending on the type of fastening member used, the seats 41 and 42 are separated by removing the fastening member, for example by unscrewing or cutting. Reassembly involves aligning the engaged contours of sheets 41 and 42 and reattaching or converting fasteners 45, 46. The sheets 41 and 42 are not damaged by reassembly, and a high joint efficiency is obtained for each load other than loads D and D'. Therefore, the joint can be applied to various structures to accommodate the minimum load direction applied in the load direction.

FIG. 5 shows a structural example that is a further improvement of the structural example shown in FIG. This improved construction includes additional components 53 and 54, such as washers, strips, or other suitable elements. This additional component is inserted between the sealing parts (head and nut) to further equalize the stress distribution in the sheets 51 and 52 in the joint. The components 53 and 54 serving as carrier members can be left for reuse or discarded when the joint is disassembled if it is economical to reassemble them. Sheets 51 and 52, which are the most expensive components, cannot be damaged by disassembly or reassembly.

FIG. 6 shows a structural example of a joint similar to the structural example shown in FIG. 3, but in this structural example, the straight portion 31
a, 31b, 31c and 32a, 32b, 32c
As shown in the figure, the edges of the sheets 61 and 62 are reduced by forming a curved shape for engagement, or are omitted altogether. The force couple in the joint is therefore reduced. The illustrated joints each have a seat 6 at the joint.
It includes two separate elements 63, 64, for example made of strips or extrusions, nested within 1 and 62.
In this joint as well, a tension type fastening member 65 can be used along the joint over a wide width. Other features and advantages are similar to those described with respect to the previous figures.

FIG. 7 shows a joint joining two sheets 71 and 72 whose adjacent edges have the shape generally shown in FIG. 3. FIG. This structural example shows two of the many examples of transmitted loads (typically shear loads) that act in directions toward and away from the surface of the previously described structural example.

The first example is a recess 73 formed in a vertical sheet 71.
, and this indentation matches the shape of a similar indentation 74 formed in the horizontal sheet 72 at the interface of the two sheets. The shear loads A and A' are transmitted to the joint by the lateral abutment of the two recesses 73 and 74.

The second example shows a depression 75 in a vertical sheet 71,
The depression matches the shape of a similar depression 76 in the horizontal sheet 72 at the interface of the two sheets. Shear loads A and A' are transmitted in the same manner as described above.

Other features of the joint are substantially the same as described above. Dents 73, 74 and depressions 75, 76
are shown symmetrically arranged around a hole similar to the hole described in FIG. Although the above is not an essential condition, it is a preferable condition for bringing the engagement surfaces into close contact with each other and transmitting shear force most effectively. Of course, much of the shearing force is transmitted through friction at the interface, but such shearing force is usually not taken into account, especially in structural calculations of aircraft structures.

A practical design example of the present invention will be described below.

FIG. 8 shows the joint between the horizontal roof sheet 81 and the side sloped sheets 82 of the container. The container is required to hold its contents under a high degree of acceleration resulting in a vertical load A or a lateral load B on the sheets 81,82. External loads resulting from handling the container are small compared to the above loads. The minimum loads are external side load components in directions C and D, which can be easily reversed by fastening members 85, 86 spaced along the joint. The illustrated fastening member is special and includes a headed serrated pin 85 that passes through blind holes in sheets 81 and 82 and a collar 86 that is deformed by the serrations of pin 85 to tighten the joint. . The joint can be disassembled by cutting the fastening member and distorting the two sheets 81, 82 apart. To reassemble, just reverse disassembly. That is, the two sheets 81, 82 are warped together and a new fastening member is installed.

Figure 9 shows the same vertical load A and lateral load B as above.
9 shows another joint between the roof sheet 91 and the side sheet 91' in which the roof sheet 91 acts. The minimum load is applied in the C and D directions. In this structural example, sheets 91 and 91'
at the joint interface into a retaining profile element 92 whose shape matches the sheets 91 and 91'. A support plate 94 is fitted between the sheets 91 and 91' at the joint and fastened by two-piece fastening members 95 and 96. Another sealing element 97 made of a compressible material such as rubber is inserted as shown to close the fastening member 9.
This prevents moisture, etc. from entering through the holes through which 5 and 96 pass. Disassembly and reassembly are carried out in the manner described with respect to FIG.

FIG. 10 shows the joint between the vertical side sheet 101 and the bottom edge 102 of the container. The container is required to hold its contents under a high degree of acceleration that produces a vertical load A or a lateral load B on the seat 101. The external load resulting from handling the container is small compared to the above-mentioned loads, and the load component in the direction C can be easily reversed by the two-piece fastening members 105 and 106 described above. A headed serrated pin 105 connects the seat 101 at the joint interface.
The hole 10 in the element 107 conforms to the geometrical contour of
It passes through 8. Next, pin 105 is seat 1
01 stupid hole 103 and bottom edge part 102 stupid hole 1
Pass through 04. Collar 106 is deformed over the portion of pin 105 that extends beyond bottom edge 102 to tighten the joint. Disassembly and reassembly are carried out in a manner similar to that described in FIG.

Any of the methods of transmitting shear loads described above with respect to FIG. 7 may be applied to the joints of FIGS. 8-10. Two structural examples that combine the features of the joints shown in FIGS. 7 and 9 are shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.

FIG. 11 shows the joining of two sheets, a sheet 111 and a sheet (not shown) mirror-symmetrical to the sheet 111, by means of a retaining profile 112.
The sheet 111 is provided with generally rectangular indentations 114 and 115 on one side of its edge, which indentations form similarly shaped protrusions on the opposite side of the area, thereby forming a joint. Generally rectangular recesses 116 and 117 in profile element 112 when assembled
and transmit the shear loads A and A'.

FIG. 12 shows a joint that is essentially the same as that shown in FIG. 11, except that the seat 121 has recesses 124 and 125 that engage holes 126 and 127 in the retaining profile 122 when the joint is assembled. They are different in that they are equipped with a 100 mm sec. to transmit shear loads A and A'.

The present invention is not limited to straight joints, but rather, as shown in FIG. It can also be applied to joints.

FIG. 14 shows a joint between a sheet 141 and a structural element 142 that includes the features of FIGS. 2, 4, and 6. This joint has the same shape as that in FIG. 2 in that the straight portions 21a and 21c are shortened or completely omitted due to the curved shape of the edge of the seat 141 shown for engagement. In this way moments or force couples in the joint are reduced. The features of the straight line portion 21 in FIG. 2 and those in FIG. 4 are also retained in 141b of FIG. 14. Holes 143 and 144 (holes 43 and 44) are provided in the structural element and the sheet, respectively.
2-split type fastening members 145, 14
6 (similar to fastening members 45, 46). Its other features and advantages are similar to the previous structural example.

15 and 16 show an embodiment of the invention utilizing the above-described structural principle. In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the engagement curvature of sheet 151 is extremely shortened, yet provides sufficient shear area across the sheet at all angles θ from 0° to 90° from the vertical in cross-section. is maintained and acts inversely on an applied tensile load A equal to the tensile load capacity of the sheet material. At the end (elongated part) of the thin plate or sheet 151 to be joined to the structural element 152, two trough-shaped parts 151e and 151f are formed substantially parallel to each other with an interval over substantially the entire width of the end. Between the gutter-shaped parts, there are a plurality of first
A hole is provided. Further, the back surface of the structural element 152 has two contoured portions (concave shapes) that are complementary or complementary to the convex surfaces of the trough-shaped portions 151e and 151f. A plurality of second blind holes are formed between the two contour parts, corresponding to the first blank holes.

In order to make the connection between the sheet 151 and the structural element 152 more secure, a carrier element 153 is used.
Two contoured portions (convex) complementary to the concave surfaces of the gutter-shaped portions 151e and 151f of the sheet 151 are formed on the surface of the support element 153, and a contoured portion corresponding to the first hollow hole is formed between the two contoured portions. A plurality of third hollow holes are formed.

The above-mentioned sheet 151 is sandwiched between the structural element 152 and the supporting element 153 in a sandwich-like manner, and the first
A second fastening member (bolt) 155 is inserted through each aligned hole, and a second fastening member (nut) 15
Tighten using 6. In addition, 151d is sheet 15
1 is shown.

With this configuration, the structural element 152 and the supporting element 153 match the outer shape of the sheet 151 at the joint surface, so that the sheet 151 and the structural element 15
The bond between the two will not collapse. In this embodiment, two trough-shaped sections 151e and 151f are provided to counterbalance the carrier member 153 and the section 151
Even if deflection begins due to the load at location e, the load A
is inversely acted upon by portion 151f.
Its other features and advantages are similar to the previously described structural example.

FIG. 16 shows yet another embodiment. This embodiment is a practical example of the embodiment shown in FIG.
62 is a corner element and is configured with arms that are substantially perpendicular to each other. A sheet 161, 161' is connected to each arm by means of a carrier element 163, 163'. Since the two sheets 161, 161' are connected to the structural element 162 in the same way, only the connection of sheet 161 will be described for simplicity. The arm connecting the seat 161 is provided with a hook-like part 162a that engages with a complementary formed part 163a on the carrier element 163 to provide a good tightening on the part 161f of the seat 161. In order to increase the bending stiffness of the carrier element 163, the element 163 is provided with a section 163b, which improves the clamping of the sections 165, 166 of the clamping member against the section 161e of the sheet 161.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 14 are structural principle diagrams of the present invention.
5 and 16 show embodiments of the invention, of which FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a joint between one sheet, a support element and a structural element, and FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing two sheets, a support element and a structure. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a joint between elements. 151, 161, 161'...Sheet, 151
e, 151f, 161e, 161f...Gutter-shaped part, 152, 162...Structural element, 153, 16
3,163'...Supporting element, 155,156,1
65, 166... Fastening member, 162a... Hook-shaped part, 163a... Anchor part, 163b...
...Rigidized part, A...Load.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. A joint between a sheet 151, 161, 161' and a structural element 152, 162, wherein the sheet has an elongated portion along which the structural element is to be joined; The portion has gutter-shaped portions 151e, 151f, 161e, 161f over almost its entire width.
and a plurality of first holes, the structural element comprising:
a contoured portion that engages the trough-shaped portion; and a plurality of second holes that communicate with at least some of the first holes, and at least some of the first and second holes that communicate with each other. a first fastening member 155 that penetrates;
165 and a second fastening member 156 engaged therewith,
166, in which the sheet and the structural element are located between a first fastening member and a second fastening member, the elongated portions of the sheets 151, 161, 161' are approximately spaced apart from each other. Two parallel gutter-shaped parts 151e, 151f, 161e, 161f
and a first hole provided between the two trough-shaped portions, wherein the structural elements 152, 162 are provided with two spaced apart contour portions and a first hole provided between the two contour portions. and a second hole in which the fastening member is configured to prevent the mutually engaged trough-shaped portion and contoured portion from separating when an external force is applied thereto that acts substantially transversely thereto. the gutter-shaped portion and the contoured portion are formed such that one of the two portions is tightly engaged with the other; When the two parts are in contact with each other, the loads transmitted between the structural elements of the sheet in use are transmitted substantially as compressive loads, and the parts can be engaged simply by inserting one of the parts into the other; Furthermore, the joint is characterized in that the fastening member is subjected to substantially only a tensile load during use. 2 Gutter-shaped portions 151e, 151f, 161e, 1
61f and two spaced apart second contour portions that engage with the fastening members 155, 156, 165, 16.
a plurality of third holes between said second contour parts for attaching said carrier elements 153, 16;
3,163', and the sheets 151, 16
1,161' is sandwiched between the structural elements 152, 162 and the supporting elements 153, 163, 163' in a sandwich-like manner, and the structural elements and the supporting elements are firmly connected to the sheet by a fastening member.
Fittings listed in section. 3. One of the structural element 162 and the carrier element 163 has a hook-like part 162a, and the other has an anchor-like part 163a that mutually engages with the hook-like part 162a, so that the structural element 162 and the carrier The joint according to claim 2, in which the lateral resistance force and the fastening force are increased between the elements 163. 4. Joint according to claim 3, in which the carrying element 163 or the structural element 162 is provided with a stiffening part 163 configured and arranged to increase the bending stiffness.