JPS6218860B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6218860B2 JPS6218860B2 JP56096924A JP9692481A JPS6218860B2 JP S6218860 B2 JPS6218860 B2 JP S6218860B2 JP 56096924 A JP56096924 A JP 56096924A JP 9692481 A JP9692481 A JP 9692481A JP S6218860 B2 JPS6218860 B2 JP S6218860B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- output
- turbidity
- light
- hue
- detection means
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
- G01N21/534—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke by measuring transmission alone, i.e. determining opacity
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は濁度計に関し、特に検水の濁度を光学
的に検出する濁度計に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a turbidity meter, and particularly to a turbidity meter that optically detects the turbidity of sample water.
水質の監視において、検水に含まれる懸濁物質
の組成、成分が変化しない限り、その濁度は懸濁
（SS）量との間に相関があるため濁度測定が重要
となる。即ち、濁度測定により容易にSS量を連
続的に監視することができる。 In monitoring water quality, turbidity measurement is important because turbidity is correlated with the amount of suspended solids (SS) as long as the composition and components of suspended solids contained in sample water do not change. That is, the amount of SS can be easily monitored continuously by turbidity measurement.
一般に濁度の自動測定の方式は、光学的な効果
を利用するものが多いが、光源として可視光を用
いて検出中の懸濁物からの散乱光あるいは透過光
を検出し測定する方式では検水あるいはSSの色
が変化した場合に出力の変化を起こす場合や、外
部からの光が受光素子に入ると出力の誤差が生ず
る。こうした問題点を防ぐ方式としては近赤外交
流発光方式の濁度計がある。この後者の方式では
光源として近赤外光を用いることによつて検水お
よびSSの着色による出力変化を防ぐことが可能
であると共に、交流的に発光させ受光出力の交流
成分のみを検出することにより外部からの光の影
響も防ぐことが実験的に確認されている。この種
の近赤外交流発光手段URGを備えた濁度計の原
理図を第１図に示す。 In general, most automatic turbidity measurement methods utilize optical effects, but methods that use visible light as a light source to detect and measure the scattered light or transmitted light from the suspended matter being detected Output errors may occur if the color of the water or SS changes, or if light from the outside enters the light receiving element. As a method to avoid these problems, there is a near-infrared alternating current emission type turbidity meter. In this latter method, by using near-infrared light as a light source, it is possible to prevent output changes due to coloring of sample water and SS, and it is also possible to emit light in an alternating current manner and detect only the alternating current component of the received light output. It has been experimentally confirmed that this prevents the influence of external light. The principle diagram of a turbidity meter equipped with this type of near-infrared alternating current light emitting means URG is shown in Fig. 1.
１０は発光源電流発生回路で、この回路１０か
ら発生した矩形波電流が近赤外発光ダイオード１
２に供給され、このダイオード１２により近赤外
光を断続発生する。この近赤外光は光学窓１４を
通つて検水１６中に入射し、検水１６中の懸濁物
SSに散乱され再び光学窓１４を通つて、受光素
子（ホトダイオード）１８に入射される。このホ
トダイオード１８に入射する光量は懸濁物量に比
例しており、このホトダイオード１８からの出力
を交流成分検出回路２０で交流成分のみを検出
し、この検出回路２０の出力を整流回路２２で整
流し、出力回路２４を介して出力を取り出す。前
述したように、この回路構成によれば交流成分検
出回路２０により交流成分のみを検出しているの
で、例え外部の光が受光素子に入射しても直流レ
ベル的に関与するだけなので誤差とはならない。 10 is a light source current generating circuit, and the rectangular wave current generated from this circuit 10 is applied to the near-infrared light emitting diode 1.
The diode 12 generates near-infrared light intermittently. This near-infrared light enters the sample water 16 through the optical window 14, and the suspended matter in the sample water 16 is
The light is scattered by the SS, passes through the optical window 14 again, and enters the light receiving element (photodiode) 18. The amount of light incident on this photodiode 18 is proportional to the amount of suspended matter, and only the AC component of the output from this photodiode 18 is detected by an AC component detection circuit 20, and the output of this detection circuit 20 is rectified by a rectifier circuit 22. , output is taken out via the output circuit 24. As mentioned above, according to this circuit configuration, only the AC component is detected by the AC component detection circuit 20, so even if external light enters the light receiving element, it only affects the DC level, so it is not an error. It won't happen.
ところで水質の監視に際して、例えば特殊な工
場排水ではその排液の色の変化が大きい場合があ
り、こうした場合には検出中のSS量だけでなく
その色度色相の変化も必要となる。また、河川、
湖沼、海域等では、微生物相の変化によつて、懸
濁物の色相、色度の変化を生ずる場合があり、極
端な例では、赤潮の発生、藻類の異常発生の場合
には色相、色度の変化は大きい。 By the way, when monitoring water quality, for example, in the case of special factory wastewater, there are cases where the color of the wastewater changes significantly, and in such cases, it is necessary to check not only the amount of SS being detected but also the change in its chromaticity and hue. Also, rivers,
In lakes, marshes, sea areas, etc., changes in the microbial flora may cause changes in the hue and chromaticity of suspended matter. In extreme cases, red tides and abnormal algal blooms may cause changes in the hue and chromaticity of suspended matter. The degree of change is large.
従つて、水質の監視上濁度のみならず検水の色
相、色度の変化も同時に知ることが重要である。 Therefore, when monitoring water quality, it is important to know not only the turbidity but also changes in the hue and chromaticity of the sampled water.
本発明は上記の点に監みてなされたもので、検
水および懸濁物の色に影響されない濁度出力およ
び検水、懸濁物の色度色相の変化を表わす出力と
を同時に得ることを可能にした濁度計を提供する
ことを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and aims to simultaneously obtain a turbidity output that is not affected by the color of the sample water and suspension, and an output that indicates changes in the chromaticity and hue of the sample water and suspension. The purpose is to provide a turbidity meter that enables
以下本発明の一実施例に添付された図面と共に
説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第２図は本発明に係る濁度計の一実施例のブロ
ツク図であり、第１図と同一符号は同一物を示し
その説明は省略する。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the turbidity meter according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 indicate the same components, and the explanation thereof will be omitted.
本発明の一実施例では第１図に示される近赤外
交流発光手段URGの他に可視光交流発生手段VG
を設けたものである。可視光交流発生手段VGと
して実施例では近赤外交流発光手段URGと同様
にして発光源電流発生回路３０と、この回路３０
からの矩形波電流が供給される可視光発光ダイオ
ード３２と、このダイオード３２からの入射光Ｒ
i′が光学窓１４を通して検水１６中の懸濁物SSに
入射してその散乱される光が入射される受光素子
（ホトダイオード）３４と、このホトダイオード
３４からの出力の交流成分のみを検出する交流成
分検出回路３６と、この回路３６の出力を整流す
る整流回路３８とから構成されている。４０は整
流回路３８の後段に設けられた演算回路であつ
て、近赤外交流発光手段URGからの濁度出力f1に
対応した出力Ａと可視光交流発生手段VGの整流
後の出力Ｂを用いて演算を行い色度、色相信号f2
を出力するためのものである。 In one embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the near-infrared alternating current light emitting means URG shown in FIG. 1, the visible light alternating current generating means VG
It has been established. In the embodiment, the visible light AC generating means VG includes a light source current generating circuit 30 and this circuit 30 in the same manner as the near-infrared AC light emitting means URG.
A visible light emitting diode 32 to which a rectangular wave current is supplied, and an incident light R from this diode 32.
i ' enters the suspended matter SS in the test water 16 through the optical window 14, and the scattered light enters the light receiving element (photodiode) 34, and only the alternating current component of the output from this photodiode 34 is detected. It consists of an AC component detection circuit 36 and a rectification circuit 38 that rectifies the output of this circuit 36. 40 is an arithmetic circuit provided after the rectifier circuit 38, which outputs the output A corresponding to the turbidity output f1 from the near-infrared AC light emitting means URG and the rectified output B of the visible light AC generating means VG. Perform calculations using chromaticity and hue signal f 2
It is for outputting .
次にこの演算回路４０の内容について詳述す
る。ある濁度（例えば20FTU、ホルマジン溶
液）における緑色インクを添加した場合の出力変
動は第３図に示されるようになる。Ｘによつて示
されるように近赤外光を使つた測定ではほとんど
出力変動がなくＹによつて示されるように例えば
タングステンランプを光源とした可視白色光を使
つた測定では、色が濃くなるに従つて出力が図の
ように変化している。従つて、第２図に示される
演算回路４０により割算を行なえば着色の強度変
化を表わすことができる。 Next, the contents of this arithmetic circuit 40 will be explained in detail. The output fluctuation when green ink is added at a certain turbidity (for example, 20 FTU, formazin solution) is shown in FIG. As shown by X, there is almost no output fluctuation in measurements using near-infrared light, and as shown by Y, for example, in measurements using visible white light from a tungsten lamp as a light source, the color becomes darker. The output changes as shown in the figure. Therefore, by performing division using the arithmetic circuit 40 shown in FIG. 2, changes in coloring intensity can be expressed.
このことは第４図を参照すれば理解されるよう
に、着色のない場合の出力を100％とすれば第２
図におけるＡおよびＢを演算の例として割算Ｂ／
Ａを行つた結果をプロツトすると図のようにな
る。このように例えば緑色インクの添加量に対し
て色度色相信号出力は第４図のような変化特性と
なるため、検水中の色度色相変化を第２図の演算
回路４０によつて知ることができる。 This can be understood by referring to Figure 4, if the output without coloring is 100%, the second
Divide A and B in the figure as an example of operation B/
If you plot the result of A, it will look like the figure below. In this way, for example, the chromaticity/hue signal output has a change characteristic as shown in FIG. 4 with respect to the amount of green ink added. Therefore, it is possible to know the chromaticity/hue change during the test water using the arithmetic circuit 40 shown in FIG. 2. I can do it.
本発明の一実施例は上記のようであるため、従
来の濁度計に比較して色度色相に影響されない懸
濁物質量と相関があり色度、色相に影響されない
濁度出力と同時に検水の色度、色相の変化を表わ
す出力の両方を得ることができるため、色相、色
度の変化のある水質の監視も行うことができる。
従つて、工場排水の着色の状態、懸濁物量の監視
を行うことが可能となると共に潮沼、海域におけ
る赤潮発生時の微生物相の変化を常時監視するこ
とができる。また実施例では散乱光式濁度計への
適用の場合について説明したが、透過光式濁度計
への応用も容易である。 One embodiment of the present invention is as described above, and therefore, compared to conventional turbidimeters, there is a correlation with the amount of suspended solids which is not affected by chromaticity and hue, and the turbidity output which is not affected by chromaticity and hue is simultaneously detected. Since it is possible to obtain both the chromaticity of water and outputs representing changes in hue, it is also possible to monitor water quality with changes in hue and chromaticity.
Therefore, it is possible to monitor the coloring state and amount of suspended solids in industrial wastewater, and it is also possible to constantly monitor changes in the microbial flora when red tide occurs in tidal marshes and sea areas. Further, in the embodiment, the case of application to a scattered light type turbidity meter has been described, but application to a transmitted light type turbidity meter is also easy.
なお、工場排水の色相は、その工場に特有な色
相にて安定しており、従つて１つの工場について
の排水の色の変化とは、ある決まつた色相におい
て色度が変化することである。上述実施例では、
１つの工場を対象としており、このため当該工場
排水の色相に対応した１個の可視光発光ダイオー
ドと１個のホトダイオードを使用することにより
色度情報を得ることができる。しかしながら複数
の工場からの工場排水等のように色相も変化する
水を対象とする場合には、例えば三原色に夫々対
応する３つの可視光発光ダイオードとホトダイオ
ードとを用い、各ホトダイオードの出力を同様に
演算処理して、それら処理信号にもとずいて色
相、色度情報が得られる。 Note that the hue of factory wastewater is stable at a hue unique to that factory, and therefore, a change in the color of wastewater for one factory is a change in chromaticity within a certain fixed hue. . In the above embodiment,
The target is one factory, so chromaticity information can be obtained by using one visible light emitting diode and one photodiode that correspond to the hue of the factory wastewater. However, when the target is water whose hue changes, such as factory wastewater from multiple factories, for example, three visible light emitting diodes and photodiodes corresponding to the three primary colors are used, and the output of each photodiode is adjusted in the same way. Through arithmetic processing, hue and chromaticity information can be obtained based on these processed signals.
以上説明してきたように本発明に係る濁度計
は、近赤外光により検水の色の変化に影響なく懸
濁物量を測定する近赤外光検出手段を設けると共
に、可視光を用いた検水の検出手段を設け前記近
赤外光検出手段により濁度出力信号を得ると共
に、前記近赤外光検出手段からの濁度出力に対応
した信号と前記可視光検出手段の出力を用いて割
り算を行うことにより色度、色相信号を得るよう
にしたので、濁度出力の他に色度、色相情報の必
要な検水の監視に供して実用的である。 As explained above, the turbidity meter according to the present invention is equipped with a near-infrared light detection means that measures the amount of suspended matter using near-infrared light without affecting the change in the color of sample water, and also has a near-infrared light detection means that uses visible light. A detection means for the sample water is provided, and a turbidity output signal is obtained by the near-infrared light detection means, and a signal corresponding to the turbidity output from the near-infrared light detection means and the output of the visible light detection means are used. Since the chromaticity and hue signals are obtained by performing division, it is practical for monitoring water samples that require chromaticity and hue information in addition to turbidity output.
第１図は従来の濁度計のブロツク図であり、第
２図は本発明に係る濁度計の一実施例のブロツク
図であり、第３図は検水の色度変化による濁度計
出力変化の実測例を示すグラフであり、第４図は
インク添加量に対する色度色相信号出力との関係
を示すグラフである。
URG……近赤外光検出手段、VG……可視光検
出手段、SS……懸濁物、１０，３０……発光源
電流発生回路、１２，３２……発光ダイオード、
１４……光学窓、１６……検水、１８，３４……
受光ダイオード、２０，３６……交流成分検出回
路、４０……演算回路。
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional turbidity meter, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a turbidity meter according to the present invention, and FIG. This is a graph showing an actual measurement example of output change, and FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of ink added and the chromaticity/hue signal output. URG... Near infrared light detection means, VG... Visible light detection means, SS... Suspended matter, 10, 30... Light source current generating circuit, 12, 32... Light emitting diode,
14...Optical window, 16...Water test, 18,34...
Light receiving diode, 20, 36... AC component detection circuit, 40... Arithmetic circuit.
Claims (1)
て、近赤外光により検水の色の変化に影響なく懸
濁物量を測定する近赤外光検出手段を設けると共
に、可視光を用いた検水の検出手段を設け、前記
近赤外光検出手段により濁度出力信号を得ると共
に、前記近赤外光検出手段からの濁度出力で前記
可視光検出手段の出力を割算することにより色
度、色相信号を得ることを特徴とする濁度計。1. In a device that optically detects the turbidity of sample water, it is equipped with near-infrared light detection means that uses near-infrared light to measure the amount of suspended matter without affecting the color change of sample water, and also uses visible light. By providing a detection means for the sample water, obtaining a turbidity output signal by the near-infrared light detection means, and dividing the output of the visible light detection means by the turbidity output from the near-infrared light detection means. A turbidity meter characterized by obtaining chromaticity and hue signals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9692481A JPS57211529A (en) | 1981-06-23 | 1981-06-23 | Turbidity meter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9692481A JPS57211529A (en) | 1981-06-23 | 1981-06-23 | Turbidity meter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57211529A JPS57211529A (en) | 1982-12-25 |
| JPS6218860B2 true JPS6218860B2 (en) | 1987-04-24 |
Family
ID=14177895
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP9692481A Granted JPS57211529A (en) | 1981-06-23 | 1981-06-23 | Turbidity meter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57211529A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4660266B2 (en) * | 2005-04-25 | 2011-03-30 | 株式会社東芝 | Water quality inspection device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5463891A (en) * | 1977-10-31 | 1979-05-23 | Meidensha Electric Mfg Co Ltd | Optical type concentration meter of suspended matter |
-
1981
- 1981-06-23 JP JP9692481A patent/JPS57211529A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57211529A (en) | 1982-12-25 |
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