JPS6219664B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for ventilating a building, which prevents condensation on walls and floors and allows the air in the building to be ventilated with reduced heat loss.

In recent years, in order to improve heating and cooling efficiency, an increasing number of buildings are equipped with highly insulating materials such as glass wool in their walls and floors. The wall structure of such a building basically consists of three layers: exterior wall material, insulation material, and interior wall material. However, when heating a building with such a structure, the following problems occur.

That is, when heating such a building, a problem arises in that warm air containing water vapor passes through the inner wall material and the insulation material, reaches the inner surface of the outer wall material that has been cooled by outside air, and condenses there. This condensation causes water droplets to penetrate into the insulation material, reducing its insulation effect, and further cooling the inner wall material, causing dew to condense on the inner wall surface.
This may cause staining of the inner walls and the growth of mold. In addition, when the condensed water drops wet the wood inside the wall,
Moreover, it flows down and drips, wetting the wooden parts of the floors and foundations, causing them to rot and significantly shortening the useful life of the building. In particular, in cold regions such as Hokkaido, these phenomena are noticeable and have become a major problem.

Condensation also occurs on the floor. Particularly when a floor heating system is installed, the floor and foundation are heated, leading to mushroom growth and accelerated decay.

To prevent such dew condensation, it is possible to improve the ventilation of walls and floors, but in that case, heat loss increases, heating efficiency decreases, and energy is wasted. Furthermore, conventional buildings have ventilation holes in their exterior walls for ventilation, so while warm air from inside escapes to the outside, cold air infiltrates from outside, creating a problem of poor heating efficiency. .

In addition, conventional ventilation systems for buildings prevent condensation by circulating indoor air, but since the ventilation is limited to internal walls and floor surfaces, dew condensation can occur inside walls and floors. This was insufficient to prevent easy formation of dew condensation. Therefore, it has been desired to develop a ventilation means that can reliably prevent condensation without reducing heating efficiency.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and includes providing ventilation layers consisting of spaces in the walls and floors of buildings, and providing air chambers and supply/exhaust means at appropriate locations in the building, and furthermore, An exchanger is installed in the air chamber,
By configuring the structure so that the air inside the building is exhausted to the outside of the building through a heat exchanger, and the outside air is introduced into various parts of the building through a ventilation layer, an air chamber, and a heat exchanger, it is possible to Warm air containing moisture that permeates and diffuses inside the interior and floor can be moved together with outside air to the air chamber through the ventilation layer to reliably prevent condensation on the walls and floor. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for ventilation of a building that can perform ventilation with less heat loss due to exhaust air by exchanging heat between air supplied into the building and exhaust air.

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention provides a ventilation layer in the walls and floor of a building that communicates with each other and with the outside air, and the ventilation layer is made up of external wall materials and heat insulating materials constituting the wall. It consists of a wall ventilation layer consisting of a space provided between the walls, and a floor ventilation layer consisting of a space provided below the floor, and at appropriate locations in the building, communicating with the ventilation layer and providing airflow from the ventilation layer. An air chamber for collecting air, an exhaust means for discharging the air from various parts of the building to the outside of the building, and an air supply means for supplying the air from the air chamber to each part of the building are provided. A heat exchanger for heat exchange is installed in the air chamber, and the air inside the building is discharged to the outside through the heat exchanger, while the outside air is discharged into the building through the ventilation layer, the air chamber, and the heat exchanger. It is configured so that it can be introduced.

The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a main part of a building provided with a ventilation layer that constitutes the ventilation method of the present invention. The present invention is applicable to houses and various other buildings made using conventional wooden construction methods, frame wall construction methods, concrete construction, prefabricated construction, etc.
In addition to providing ventilation layers 6 on the walls 4 and floors 5 of the building,
It is constructed by providing an air chamber 3, supply/exhaust means 8, and a heat exchanger 9 in the upper part of the building.

The ventilation layer 6 is a wall ventilation layer 61 provided on the wall 4.
and a floor ventilation layer 64 provided on the floor 5.
The wall ventilation layer 61 is a wall 4 consisting of an outer wall material 41, a heat insulating material 42, and an inner wall material 43.
2 with a space provided between them. Wall ventilation layer 6
1 is provided between these parts because dew condensation is likely to occur in this part, and also to reduce heat loss. This ventilation layer 61 is provided on each wall around the outer periphery of the building, but it can also be provided on walls inside the building if necessary. On the other hand, the floor ventilation layer 64
is formed by providing a space below the heat insulating material 52 of the floor 5, and in buildings with two or more stories, if necessary,
It is also provided on each floor above the floor.

The wall ventilation layer 61 is provided to allow air to circulate in the vertical direction of the building, and has an external ventilation hole 62 communicating with the outside of the building at its lower end, and a communication hole communicating with the air chamber 3 at its upper end. Holes 63 are provided respectively. Further, the end portion of the floor ventilation layer 64 communicates with the wall ventilation layer 61 via a communication hole 65 provided between the cloth foundation 71 and the base 72, for example. As a result, the entire building is surrounded by the ventilation layer 6.

Inside this ventilation layer 6, an inner wall material 43 and a heat insulating material 4 are provided.
Warm air enters from inside the building through the air vents 2, the floor 5 and the heat insulating material 52, and outside air enters through the external ventilation holes 62. This air is carried to the air chamber 3 in the upper part of the building by natural draft and suction by the supply/exhaust means 8 described later, so that the warm air containing moisture that has permeated from inside the building is absorbed by the walls 4 and floor 5. There will be no condensation.

Note that by changing the opening area of the external ventilation hole 62, the amount of air flowing in from the outside can be adjusted. Furthermore, in places where vertical circulation is obstructed by windows or the like, the flow of air in the ventilation layer can be ensured by providing through holes, grooves, etc. in pillars, studs, frames, etc. around the window.

The wall 4 forming the wall ventilation layer 61 has a moisture-proof layer 431 and an internal finishing material 43, as shown in FIG.
It has an inner wall material 43 consisting of two parts, a heat insulating material 42, and an outer wall material 41. Specific examples of such wall structures are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In the structure shown in FIG. 4, a sheathing board 411 and mortar 412 are provided outside the vertical frame 44 as the outer wall material 41, and a moisture-proof layer 431 such as vinyl film and an internal finishing material 432 are provided inside the vertical frame 44 as the inner wall material 43. Provided, furthermore,
A heat insulating material 42 such as glass wool is loaded between the inner and outer wall materials with a gap provided between them and the outer wall material 41,
This gap is used as a wall ventilation layer 61. or,
In the case shown in FIG. 5, the outer wall is composed of a concrete wall 413 and mortar 412, and a moisture-proof layer 43
1. The inner wall is composed of the furring 45 and the internal finishing material 432, and a heat insulating material 42 is placed between them on the concrete wall 41.
3, and this gap is used as a wall ventilation layer 61.

Specific examples of the structure of the floor 5 forming the floor ventilation layer 64 are shown in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8. 6, a base board 53 is provided on a joist 51, a floor finishing material 54 is provided on this, and a heat insulating material 52 such as glass wool is attached to the lower surface of this base board 53. The space becomes the floor ventilation layer 64. In the structure shown in FIG. 7, a joist 51 and a small joist 511 are provided on a concrete slab 73 via a packing 512, and a base plate 53 is placed on the small joist 511.
A tatami mat 541 is laid on top of this, and a heat insulating material 5 is placed between the receiving plate 55 provided between each joist 51 and the base plate 53.
2, and the space between the receiving plate 55 and the slab 73 becomes a floor ventilation layer 64. What is shown in Figure 8 is
A floor heating device is provided, and a joist 51 is provided on a concrete slab 73 via a packing 512, a receiving plate 55 is placed on the joist 51, and a hard heat insulating material 56 is placed on this. A leveling mortar 57 is provided on top of this, a heating pipe 58 is provided, these are covered with mortar, and a finishing mortar 59 is applied to provide a floor finishing material 54. The space between them becomes a floor ventilation layer 64.

The air chamber 3 with which the upper end of the wall ventilation layer 61 communicates is provided in the upper part of the building, for example, in the attic 11 surrounded by the roof 1 and the ceiling 2. A heat insulating material 21 is provided on the upper part of the ceiling 2 to improve heat insulation and airtightness.
In addition, the attic and other areas are also covered if necessary to improve airtightness. Communication between the air chamber 3 and the wall ventilation layer 61 is achieved, for example, by providing a gap between the sill 12 and the upper end of the heat insulating material 42 and forming a communication hole 63, as shown in FIG. Although not shown, a duct may be provided at the upper end of the ventilation layer 61. In this way,
Air is collected in the air chamber 3 via the wall ventilation layer 61 of each wall 4.

In this embodiment, the air chamber is provided in the attic, but the air chamber is not limited to this, and may be provided in a ceiling space, a top bag, a closet, etc. Also, if natural draft in the ventilation layer is not used for air circulation,
Air chambers may be provided in areas other than the upper part of the building.
For example, the space between the ceiling on the first floor and the bottom of the floor on the second floor can be used.

The supply/exhaust means 8 includes an air supply means 81 and an exhaust means 8
2, which is installed on the ceiling 2 constituting the air chamber 3, and supplies air to various parts of the building and discharges the air inside the building to the outside. As shown in FIG. 9, the air supply means 81 consists of an intake port 84 that opens in the air chamber, a fan 85, and a duct 83 that communicates with each part, and supplies the air from the air chamber 3 to each room.
It is supplied through a duct 83 to necessary locations such as hallways. Dust in the supplied air can be removed by installing a suitable filter in this intake port 84. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, the exhaust means 82 includes a duct 86 that corresponds to the duct 83 and communicates with each part, and a duct 87 that communicates with the outside of the building, and carries the air from each part of the building to the outside of the building. Discharge.

In this embodiment, the air supply means 81 is provided with a fan 85, and the exhaust means 82 is configured to exhaust air by the pressure difference inside and outside the building due to forced air supply.
Conversely, a fan may be provided on the exhaust means 82 side to provide a forced exhaust type. In addition, a fan may be interposed at an appropriate position in the duct 86 in a portion where particularly rapid exhaust is required. Of course, the air supply means 8
1. A configuration may be adopted in which both exhaust means 82 are provided with fans.

A heat exchanger 9 is installed in the middle of the supply/exhaust means 8, and the supply air and exhaust air pass through the heat exchanger 9 without mixing with each other. As shown in FIG. 10, the heat exchanger 9 includes a frame 91 and a large number of heat pipes 92 arranged therein, and the heat pipes 92 perform heat exchange.

The heat pipe 92, as shown in FIG.
A tubular airtight container 93 called a container is provided with a wick 94 such as mesh or fiber that causes capillary action, and is filled with an appropriate amount of working fluid such as Freon. Fins 95 are provided to increase the area.

When one end side of this heat pipe 92 is set as a heat receiving side A and the other end side is set as a heat radiating side B, the former is brought into contact with warm air from inside the building, and the latter is brought into contact with low temperature air in the air chamber 3. A temperature difference occurs between the heat receiving side A and the heat dissipating side B, and the working fluid in the sealed container 93 evaporates.
This causes a cycle of condensation, which results in heat exchange. That is, the working fluid is heated and evaporated by the exhaust air on the heat receiving side A, and the vapor quickly flows inside the closed container 93 and reaches the heat radiating side B, where it is cooled and condensed by the low-temperature supply air. It returns to a liquid state and returns to the original heat-receiving side A due to capillary action in the tube 94. Heat exchange is performed by the working fluid receiving heat as heat of evaporation on the heat receiving side A and releasing this heat as heat of condensation on the heat dissipating side B during repetition of this cycle.

In this example, a heat pipe was used as the heat exchanger, but the heat pipe is not limited to this.
Other heat exchange means may also be used.

According to such a configuration, air inside the building is discharged to the outside of the building through the heat receiving side A of the heat exchanger 9, while outside air is collected into the air chamber 3 through the ventilation layer 6, Since the heat is supplied to each part of the building through the heat dissipation side B, it is possible to eliminate the conventional external wall ventilation holes that allow cold air to enter.In addition, by heat exchange between the exhaust air and the supply air, a certain amount of heat from heating can be absorbed during ventilation. It can be recovered. Moreover, since the air in the air chamber 3 is mixed with warm air that has permeated the ventilation layer 6 from the room and has a higher temperature than the outside air, there is an advantage that the capacity of the heat exchanger can be small.
Furthermore, when a portion of the wall 4 is exposed to sunlight, the air within the ventilation layer 6 is heated by solar heat, which can further increase the temperature within the air chamber.
The heating capacity can be reduced accordingly.

On the other hand, when using the air conditioner, the heat pipe 92
However, contrary to the above, the air supply side becomes the heat receiving side, and the exhaust side becomes the heat radiating side, and the cooled exhaust air cools the supplied air, so ventilation can be performed without reducing cooling efficiency. In addition, it is also possible to provide a structure in which a duct and a damper are provided, and by switching the damper, outside air can be directly supplied to each part of the building.

As explained above, the present invention provides a ventilation layer consisting of a space in the wall and floor of a building, provides an air chamber and supply/exhaust means at appropriate locations in the building, and further provides a heat exchanger to connect the air to the air. Installed indoors, the air inside the building,
By configuring the structure so that air is discharged to the outside of the building through a heat exchanger, and on the other hand, outside air is introduced into various parts of the building through a ventilation layer, an air chamber, and a heat exchanger, there is no air inside the walls or floors when heating is used. Warm air containing moisture that permeates and diffuses can be moved together with outside air into the air chamber through the ventilation layer, preventing dew condensation on walls and floors, which can cause deterioration of insulation and building decay. Furthermore, by exchanging heat between the air supplied into the building and the exhaust air using a heat exchanger, heat loss due to the exhaust air can be reduced and ventilation can be achieved. In addition, since the above ventilation layer is composed of a wall ventilation layer consisting of a space provided between the outer wall material and the insulation material, and a floor ventilation layer consisting of a space provided below the floor, it is possible to pass through the inner wall and floor. The air containing moisture enters the ventilation layer and moves to the air chamber without being stagnant within the ventilation layer, so ventilation is performed within the walls and under the floor where dew condensation is most likely to occur.
Condensation can be more reliably prevented than in the conventional method, which circulates indoor air to ventilate only the inner walls and floor surfaces.

In addition, a heat exchanger was installed in the air chamber, where the warm air that permeates the ventilation layer from the room is mixed and the temperature becomes higher than the outside air. can be used to reduce the economic burden.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of the ventilation method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the main part of a building provided with a ventilation layer that constitutes the ventilation method of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is a main part showing an example of a wall structure forming the wall ventilation layer and an example of communication with an air room. A cutaway perspective view, FIGS. 4 and 5 are partially enlarged perspective views showing a specific example of a wall structure forming a wall ventilation layer,
FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged perspective view showing a specific example of a floor structure forming a floor ventilation layer, FIGS. 7 and 8 are partial sectional views showing a specific example of a floor structure forming a floor ventilation layer, and FIG. 9 10 is a perspective view showing an example of the supply/exhaust means constituting the ventilation method of the present invention, FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing an example of a heat exchanger constituting the ventilation method of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an example of the heat exchanger used in the above heat exchanger. FIG. 2 is a cutaway perspective view of a main part showing an example of a heat pipe. 1...Roof, 11...Small roof, 2...Ceiling, 3
...Air chamber, 4...Wall, 41...Exterior wall material, 42...
...Insulation material, 43...Inner wall material, 5...Floor, 51...
Joist, 52...insulation material, 54...floor finishing material, 6...
...Ventilation layer, 61...Wall ventilation layer, 62...External ventilation hole, 63/65...Communication hole, 64...Floor ventilation layer,
8... Supply/exhaust means, 81... Air supply means, 82...
...Exhaust means, 83, 86, 87...Duct, 84
...Intake port, 85...Fan, 9...Heat exchanger,
91...Frame body, 92...Heat pipe, 93...
Airtight container, 94... Uitsuku, 95... Finn.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A ventilation layer is provided in the walls and floors of the building that communicate with each other and with the outside air, and the ventilation layer is provided between the external wall material and the heat insulating material that constitute the wall. A wall ventilation layer consisting of a space provided below the floor, and a floor ventilation layer consisting of a space provided below the floor; A room, an exhaust means for discharging air from various parts of the building to the outside of the building, and an air supply means for supplying air from the air chamber to various parts of the building, and further, heat exchange between the discharged air and the supply air is provided. A heat exchanger is installed in the air chamber, and the air inside the building is discharged outside through the heat exchanger.
On the other hand, a method for ventilation of a building, characterized in that the outside air is introduced into the building through a ventilation layer, an air chamber, and a heat exchanger.