JPS6220355B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to valves such as ram-type blowout preventers used in oil and gas well drilling operations and completions.

One aspect of the invention is mounted on a well shaft and shears drill string-like pipe within the inner diameter of the arrester housing as its ram moves inwardly from an open position, and then continues to open the interior. This invention relates to an improved invention for a blowout preventer of the same type which, after continuing to move and shearing the pipe, is mounted so as to seal and close the inner diameter with respect to each other and to the guideway in the preventer housing in which the ram moves. Thus, the sheared upper end of the drill string can pull the drill rig out of the inner diameter of the well when it is desired to remove it from the well in a short period of time.

As an aspect of the invention, the ram of the seal or preventers is further coupled on the outer end of the seal by a rod extending from the cylinder of the hydraulic work system into the chamber within the housing. The hydraulic working system with the piston is moved between an open position and a closed position, during which the fluid in the chamber acts over the entire cross-sectional area of the piston rod and influences the closing movement of the sealing member or ram. This invention relates to improvements in valves that supply opposing forces, particularly blowout preventers. It is further an aspect of the invention that a relief groove communicates the inner diameter of the valve body or preventer housing with the chamber behind each sealing member or ram to provide replenishing force to the working system and to provide a replenishing force to the sealing member. Or it concerns an improvement in keeping the ram closed.

For example, in the blowout preventers shown in U.S. Pat. A sealing member is carried by each ram face and engages a seal on the other ram at a height spaced perpendicular to the cutting edge. In the preventer of subsequent U.S. Pat. No. 3,561,526, a seal is positioned on each ram face above or below its cutting edge and engages a surface on the inner end of the other ram adjacent the cutting edge. If the inner diameter of the preventer is empty, the ram will simply be "blind".
Acts as a ram to close the open inner diameter.

However, when using any of the above blowout preventers, the ram is moved inward to shear the pipe, and then the ram is withdrawn so that the sheared upper end of the pipe becomes a passageway between the face sealing materials. After the pipe has been so removed, it was necessary for the ram to move inward to reach the fully closed position. The blowout preventer of US Pat. No. 3,561,526 also required the lower end of the sheared pipe to be moved or dropped to close the ram.

However, in a modification of the blowout preventer according to U.S. Pat. It was necessary to remove only the US Patent No.
The blowout preventers of No. 3817326 and No. 3736982 require the ram to be installed and sheared, and then to be sealed so as to close the inner diameter immediately after the ram performs its continuous forward movement, so that the ram must first be withdrawn. The purpose is to simplify this procedure so that it does not occur.

For this purpose, the sealing means of the rams are conveyed by a horizontal plane extending rearwardly from the cutting edge of one ram, and as the two surfaces move across each other following the shearing operation, an opposing surface extending rearwardly from the cutting edge of the other vane. It includes a seal that seals along the plane and the shear plane. The sheared ends of the pipe are
It was received within a recess formed outside the shearing path in each ram and off the shearing path.

However, the difficulty in holding both opposing surfaces together sufficiently closely to maintain the seal between them, combined with the inherently small seal area corresponding to the force closing the ram, is due to shear forces with transverse surface seals. Brought a ram for use. Such an approach is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,132,265,
According to this, the inner end of one of the rams slopes upwardly and outwardly, and the shoulders on the inner end of the other ram cooperate with the shoulder above the face seal at the top to reduce the shear of the pipe. Push the top end upward to remove it from the passage between the inner end of one of the rams and the packing.

The obvious disadvantage of this latter construction of blowout preventers is the frictional resistance when the cut end of the pipe slides over the beveled inner end of one of the rams. Also, if the angle between this beveled end and the perpendicular is relatively large to increase the mechanical effectiveness of the wedge, the end will be very thin and the pipe end overlying it will become very thin. It is prone to damage due to the load on the parts.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to ensure that the severed end of the pipe is removed from the sealing surface of both rams only in response to the successive inward movement of both rams to shear the pipe and close the inner diameter. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pipe which is removed from the passageway between the pipes, so that there is no need to force the cut end of the pipe into an out-of-passage position as in the blowout preventer of U.S. Pat. No. 4,132,265.

The force required to shear the pipe within the blowout preventer is significantly greater than the force required for the ram packing to seal between the rams and between the rams and the preventer guideway. . Therefore, in this type of preventer where the ram is driven by a conventional hydraulic system,
This force creates too much pressure in the seal, or in any case is greater than the pressure required to ensure that the seal of the ram is in sufficient sealing engagement with the cooperating surfaces and guideways on the ram. can also create considerable pressure.

It is therefore another object of the invention that, following pipe shearing, the shearing rams provide the force required to seal between the rams and between the rams and the guideway of the arrester. To provide a blowout preventer that can be driven to a closed position with a moderate force. More specifically, a shearing ram is moved inward to shear the pipe with a relatively large force first, and then the ram is moved further inward to shear both pipes with a second relatively small force. To provide a blowout preventer having a relatively simple and compact fluid pressure working system capable of sealing between rams and a guideway.

In this type of blowout preventer, means are conventionally provided to communicate the lower inner diameter of the closed ram with the chamber behind the ram, so that when the ram is closed, the fluid pressure in the well is equal to the area of the outer ends of both rams. acting at least in part to provide a force that supplements the hydraulic working pressure in maintaining the ram packing in sealing engagement. For this purpose, grooves are provided on the underside of both rams, keeping the inner diameter and the chamber in communication with each other. In an effort to reduce the size of the working system required to provide the opening force to overcome this supplementary force by the well fluid, U.S. Pat. No. 3,036,807 includes a ram with valve-controlled passages, When both rams are closed, the inner diameter communicates with the chamber, and then the inner diameter of the upper part of the closed ram, which is usually at a lower pressure level than the inner diameter of the lower part of the ram. , thereby increasing the pressure across the ends of the ram in response to outward opening movement of the ram.
We are proposing a prevention device that will significantly balance the situation.

The applicant has previously disclosed a prevention device (Japanese application number PA290) in an invention named "hydraulic driven valve".
-83, hereinafter simply referred to as the prior invention), a groove is formed on the underside of the ram, and the flow passing through the passage communicating with the inner diameter above each of the chambers and the closed rams is as follows:
Connects to the piston in the cylinder of the working system and has a movement connection with the ram, closing the outer end of each passage when the ram moves inwardly with the piston rod, and closing the outer end of each passage when the ram moves outwardly with the piston rod. Controlled by a valve head on the rod end which opens the outer end. US Patent No.
3036807 and the applicant's prior invention achieves the desired result of reducing the force required to retract the ram, the ram of the US patent and the applicant's The prior inventions, although the latter to a lesser extent, both have complex constructions that increase the overall cost of the blowout preventer. The invention therefore also aims to achieve essentially the same object with less consumption.

As mentioned in the prior invention, U.S. Patent No.
The work system of the blowout prevention machine disclosed in No. 3036807 is as follows:
The structure is such that the forces generated by the well fluid entering the ram chamber and acting on the entire piston rod opposing the movement of the ram toward the closed position are considerably reduced or even eliminated. Thus,
A rod extends from the outer end of the working piston of each ram into the outer chamber of the housing, and a hole is formed through the piston and both the outer and inner rods, providing that the cross-sectional areas of the rods are approximately equal. is now almost balanced.

In the preventer according to the prior invention, grease is injected through the fitting into the outer chamber and into the hole passing through the rod and piston. The mud and grease from the drilling are then separated by a plug that slides within the hole as the outer rod moves within the outer chamber, keeping the mud from the drilling within the housing's inner diameter out of the chamber, thus preventing the outer rod from entering the chamber. Protect the seals around the.

Furthermore, slots are formed in the holes at the inner and outer ends of the rod so that when the grease moves to the inner limit position, it passes through the plug and the well fluid
Allowing passage of the plug when moving to the outer limit position to fill the void in the outer chamber.

Although this aspect of the system of operation is desirable in substantially keeping well fluids out of the balance chamber, it is still expensive due to the need to fabricate passage slots within the rod. It is therefore a part of the object of the present invention to provide a type of preventer and ram working system or similar flow control device in which the same objective is achieved with less manufacturing and overall outlay. The invention herein includes a ram with a cutting edge for shearing a pipe within a vertical inner diameter passing through an arrester housing, wherein both rams move toward each other to cut the pipe on the cutting edge of the ram. conveying means for sealing between the inner ends of the rams as the rams continue to move toward each other by grasping opposite sides of the pipe and lifting the sheared upper end of the gripped pipe out of the passageway of the means. A blowout prevention machine is disclosed.

Next, the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The arrester of FIGS. 1 and 2 (in its entirety designated by the reference numeral 20) consists of a housing having a vertical inside diameter 22 therethrough and flanges mounted on the upper and lower ends, which flanges define it in the well shaft. The housing as a part is connected to a housing inner diameter 22 whose center line is the same as the shaft inner diameter.

As previously mentioned, a pipe 24 extends vertically within the inner diameter of the preventer and is suspended from the drill rig, forming part of a drill string having an awl attached to its lower end and extending to the bottom of the wellbore. ing.

As is well known to those skilled in the art, the mud generated during well drilling operations circulates downwardly through the drill string, exits the drill, and then circulates upwardly in the annular passage 25 between the drill string and the inner diameter. .

The preventer includes a pair of rams 26A and 26B;
The ram is received in a guideway 27 that intersects opposite sides of the inner diameter 22 to provide a first
The rams move between an outer position, as shown, when they are retracted from the inner diameter, and an inner position, as shown in FIG. Each ram has a cylinder 28 in the housing 21 outside each ram guideway.
a piston member 29 reciprocating within each cylinder, and a seal or seal 31 in an opening through the housing wall separating the chamber behind the ram from the cylinder, extending sealingly to connect the ram to the piston means. A working system including the rod 30 moves between the open and closed positions.

As explained below, fluid supplied from an external source is supplied to and discharged from a cylinder on opposite sides of the piston means 29 to selectively move the piston and ram toward or away from the inner diameter. Exercise.

Each housing 21 is connected to a body portion 21A having an inner diameter 22 and a guideway 27 formed therein, each connected across the outer end of the guideway 27 to form a chamber for receiving one of the open rams. It consists of a pair of bonnets 32. Thus, each bonnet is pivotally connected to one side of the body, as detailed in the prior invention, between a closed position across the guideway and a position open to one side of the guideway. exercise to remove the ram from the chamber so it can be replaced or repaired.

Instead, as is well known to those skilled in the art,
Place the bonnet in the direction of the guideway of the main body of the housing.
Alternatively, it may be coupled to the main body of the housing by an auxiliary fluid drive system capable of coaxial movement away therefrom to permit replacement and repair of the ram. Each ram has a metal ram body 33 that is generally elliptical in cross-section and slides axially inward and outward in the direction of or away from the inner diameter 22 within the arrester housing, and a metal ram body 33 that slides axially inward and outward in the direction of or away from the inner diameter 22, and the rams move on top of each other. having a cutting edge that shears the pipe 24 when
The vanes on the left and right rams 26A and 26B, respectively.
It consists of BL and BU. Furthermore, right hand ram 26
The cutting blade of the upper blade BU on B is mounted so as to move over the cutting blade BL of the lower blade of the left hand ram 26B.

The seal 34 then shears the pipe when the ram is further moved inwardly to the closed position, and lifts the sheared upper end (described below) so that it can be sealingly engaged by the inner end 35 of the vane 26B. It is transported by a ram on the blade BL. Furthermore, each ram has a packing 3 extending in the longitudinal direction.
4 (in case of left-handed ram)
At the same time as the wing end face 35 (in the case of a right-handed ram), a side part 37 extending rearward from each face part along each side of the ram body, and a side part 37 connected to the outer end of the side part 37 and connected to the outer end of the ram body. A top portion 38 is conveyed that extends beyond the top portion.

As is clear from the drawings and well known to those skilled in the art,
The top 38 remains within the guideway as the ram moves into its outer position and the ram's seal forms a continuous seal sealing off the inner diameter of the arrester housing. The cutting edges of the upper and lower vanes are shallow V-shaped and cooperate with each other to align with the pipe as they move back and forth toward each other when shearing the pipe.

The sheared upper end of the pipe is attached to the packing 34.
The lower ends of the sheared pipes formed within the underside of the right-hand ram are lifted out of the passageway between the right-hand ram and the surface 35 so that they can sealingly engage each other as the ram moves into the closed position. The moving pipe is installed into the recessed portion 52 so as not to interfere with the fully closing movement of the ram.

As mentioned earlier, grab the opposite side of the pipe and
Means for lifting the sheared upper end is mounted on each ram having its outer end pivotally mounted on the arm and swinging about a generally horizontal axis transverse to the axis of reciprocation of the ram. It consists of arms 53 arranged. As the ram moves inward and its inner end 54 engages one side of the pipe, it moves into a recess 55 in the top side of the ram such that its inner end is on its pivot axis. The arm swings upwardly about its pivot axis as the ram continues to move inward and lift the pipe. Thus, the horizontally predominant component of the force exerted by the ram becomes a vertically predominant component when the pipe is gripped and fractured, and when the cut surface of the pipe is lifted.

An imaginary line extending through the inner end of each arm and its pivot axis extends at an angle of approximately 30° to the horizontal when the ram is in its supported position, and at an angle of approximately 60° to the horizontal when the ram is closed. Stretch at an angle.

As previously shown, the inner end of each arm has broad horizontal teeth with vanes that grip the sides of the flattened pipe, flatten it, and then hold it tightly between the flattened sides to open the arm. lifts the pipe together with the inner end of the pipe when it swings.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 5, as the vanes of the ram move inwardly, the inboard end of the arm first moves along the shear plane as it moves into engagement with the pipe on the cutting edge of the vane. Compress the pipe to some extent. As the ram moves further inward, the vanes begin to flatten the sides of the pipe as the arms on the vanes begin to flatten them on the vanes (see Figure 5).

The blades sheared the pipe, and the ram
Continuing to move inward as shown, the arm pivots upward as the teeth on its inner end roll over the flat side of the pipe and lift the severed end onto the top vane ( FIG. 7) It is thus removed from the path of movement between surface 35 and seal 34.

As the sheared upper end of the pipe rises further, the rams move into sealing engagement with each other as shown in FIG. At this time, the sheared upper end of the pipe is freed and lifted from the position shown in phantom in FIG. 9 and removed along with the drill string from within the inner diameter of the arrester.

The inner ends of the arms are then allowed to swing inwardly and downwardly into engagement with each other as shown in FIG. When the ram is then retracted to its open position, the inner ends of the arms continue to swing downwardly together and remain supported, and then separate and move outwardly with the ram to the retracted position. If there is no pipe in the hole, the inner ends of the ram will engage each other when the ram moves inside and reaches a position approximately halfway between the positions of FIGS. 6 and 7; , when the rams move into the sealed position, they swing together in an upward direction once the rams have completed their continuous inward movement.

As best shown in FIG. 6, the inner ends of the arms extend in the forward direction through the open front end of the recess so that in their supporting position the inner ends are separated from each other when the pipe is sheared. Its spacing is preferably a distance of 1.5 times twice the wall thickness of the pipe to be sheared. The energy stored in the pipe when it is shattered by the arm provides a force that causes the severed end of the pipe to jump when the pipe is sheared. As best shown in FIG.
The recess 55 in B opens to the lower recess in the ram on the vane BU, and the left-hand ram 26A
In this case, the recess 56 is formed on the rim of the ram body on the seal 34. The inner edge of this rim is attached to the right hand ram 2 when the ram is moved to the closed position.
6B into the lower recess (see Figure 8).

The outer end of each arm is curved to fit closely within the curved outer end of each recess (see FIG. 3) to permit pivoting of the arm in the manner described. The top side of the arm is approximately flush with the top side of the ram body so that the top side of the guideway is supported by the arm until it emerges from the guideway and engages the opposite side of the pipe. Prevents it from swinging from its original position. If the arms do not swing downward when the ram is withdrawn from the closed position, they will be engaged by the inner end of the guideway forcing them downward into the support position.

Preferably, the recess includes a top sloped wall that is mounted to limit pivoting of the lift arm significantly beyond the position shown in FIG.

The piston means 29 of the working system of each ram is
It consists of an outer annular piston 60 and an inner piston 61, the former of which moves the inside of the cylinder 28 between the inner and outer positions determined by engaging with the inner and outer ends of the cylinder, respectively. The latter conveys a sealing ring that slides sealingly within the outer piston 60.

The inner piston is fixed to the rod 30 to move the ram in an inward and outward direction, and the inner and outer pistons allow only limited axial movement toward each other. The outer piston thus has at its inner end a first flange 62A that limits its outward movement relative to the inner piston, and a flange 62B that limits its inward movement relative to the piston 61. There is.

As shown in FIG. 4, when the working fluid is supplied to the inside of both pistons through hole _P1 and the rams are opened, both pistons occupy their outermost positions.
That is, the outer piston 60 engages the outer end of the cylinder and the outer side of the piston 61 engages the outer piston flange 62B. In order to move the ram inward and shear the pipe and close the inner diameter of the preventer, working fluid is supplied to the outside of the piston through hole P ₂ and discharged from its inside through hole P ₁ . During the initial inward movement, both pistons move relative to each other as flange 62B of piston 60 engages the outside of piston 61, causing the arms to engage and move opposite sides of the pipe as shown in FIG. As it begins to flatten, the vanes shear the pipe as shown in FIG. At this stage, the force exerted by the working system to move the ram will be at its maximum since the working fluid is acting over the entire effective pressure response area of both pistons.

However, when the pipe is sheared as shown in FIG. 6, the inner end of outer piston 60 moves and engages the inner end of its cylinder 28, preventing it from further inward movement. make it stop. As a result, the ram moves further inward, lifting the sheared ends of the pipe and sealing their guideways together by the force solely due to the working fluid acting on the inner piston 61. As a result, neither the pressure in the sealing means conveyed by the ram nor the force with which the ram is held in the closed position by the working fluid are excessive. As shown in FIG. 8, when the cut pipe is lifted and the ram is in sealing engagement,
The inner end of the piston 60 is spaced somewhat from the flange 62A so that the engagement does not interfere with the complete sealing engagement between the rams, and the surfaces of the rams during continued use of the preventer. Consideration is given to wear of the sealant.

When the ram is retracted to its open position, the working fluid is instead introduced onto the inside of the piston in the cylinder via hole P ₁ and discharged from the outside of it through hole P ₂ . As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the outer piston 60 moves outward relative to the inner piston 61, and finally the flange 62A
engages the inner piston and then moves the inner piston and control rod 30. The ram then continues to move outward until the outer end of piston 60 engages the outer end of the cylinder and the inner piston moves outwardly relative thereto to engage flange 62B. match.

As is well known to those skilled in the art, each ram body has a housing bore 22 on its underside and on its inner end.
and the chamber on the outer end of the ram, so that when the ram is closed, well fluid pressure from the bore acts on the outer end of the ram, in addition to the working system forces. Hold them closed with constant force. Thus, in the ram closed position, the well fluid pressure at the bottom of the ram is typically much higher than at the top of the ram, creating a relatively large pressure difference that is enclosed by the upper sealing means. Acts on the entire area of the ram.

As in the prior invention, the passage 40 is connected to the right ram 26B.
a ram chamber formed within the ram and connected at its outer end with the ram chamber on the outside of the ram and on its inner end communicating with the upper inner portion of the ram enclosed within continuous sealing means and thus closed. Sometimes it communicates with the diameter of the preventer housing on the top of the ram. The inner end of the passage 40 has a branch pipe 40A which communicates with the lower recess of the ram 26B below the arm 53 and above the vane BU , thus providing an open area between the inner ends of the closed ram. It is advisable to contact them. (See FIG. 9) At the same time, the cross-sectional area of the passage is larger than that of the groove G for the reason stated in the prior invention.

This also applies to the prior invention, but the right-hand ram 26
The inner end of the control rod 30 of B has a large head 41 with a stud 42 projecting from its inner end on the opposite side of the annular packing 43, which head is coaxial with the passageway 40. , alternately sealingly engages the outer end of the ram around the outer end of the passageway 40, closing the passageway, and disengaging it to open the passageway.

Additionally, the stud 42 is removably received in a large T-slot 43 in the right-hand ram on the opposite side of the passageway 40 to form a movement connection between the rod and the ram so that the packing 43 is free to move forward and seal around the outer end of passageway 40 when the work system moves the ram inwardly, but when the work system is actuated to remove the right hand ram, it moves freely. Disengage the outer end of the ram and open the passageway 40. The lower end of the T-slot extends through the lower end of the right-hand ram and provides a means by which it can be mounted on and removed from the inner end of the control rod when the right-hand bonnet is moved to the open position. do.

Thus, similar to the double ram case of the prior invention, the working system is actuated to automatically retract the right hand ram, opening the internal passageway 40 and substantially relieving the pressure across the inner and outer ends of the right hand ram. equal, thus allowing it to open with less force.

However, as mentioned earlier, the left hand ram 26
Although A is of somewhat conventional construction and does not have a passageway therethrough, when the inner end of the right-hand ram withdraws from sealing engagement with the inner end of the left-hand ram, The pressure across the outer ends will be approximately equal at the same time, thereby also facilitating its withdrawal.

The rods 30 of the left-hand ram 26A and the means for connecting them may be the same as the rods 30 of the ram 26B, and their construction may also be the same as each other. However, since the inner end of the rod does not function to open or close the passage leading to ram 26A, instead, the stud on that inner end of the rod fits tightly into the T-slot in the outer end of the ram. We fit into each other. Thus, while the connection allows the ram to be replaced or repaired, it significantly prevents relative axial movement between the rod and the ram during opening and closing cycles.

As in the prior art preventer, another rod 44 extends sealingly from each piston 61 outwardly through a sealing ring 46 carried within an opening in the outer end of the cylinder 28 and into the bonnet. extends into the outer chamber 45 of. The tubing 48 is thus threadedly connected to a countersink in the outer end of the opening in the end of the cylinder and is connected to the outer chamber 4.
form 5. And the additional packing is tube material 48
is received within the inner end of the ring 46 and seals between it and the rod 44 on the outside of the ring 46.

Furthermore, the cross-sectional areas of the inner and outer rods, with the bore 47 extending through the piston means and the inner and outer rods 30, 44, respectively, and through the sealing means 31, 46, are approximately the same. Thus, in the case of the right-hand ram 26B, both rods are inserted into the passageway 4 during the opening of the ram, as well as when the ram is retracted and the head 41 leaves the outer end of the ram 26B.
Even while the ram 26B communicating with zero is closed, the pressure remains approximately equal.

Similar holes could be formed in the piston and rods 30, 44 of the left hand ram 26A.
If rod 30 is connected to the left-hand ram by a torsion connection, as is the case with rod 30 of ram 26B, it will also equalize the pressure during ram retraction. Of course, at the same time, if desired for this purpose, the connection of the rod to the ram may be a close fit, with the rod 30 of ram 26A
The internal hole may communicate the hole 47 with the chamber 45 .

As mentioned in connection with the earlier application, the dressing E is conveyed by the housing bonnet, particularly by the outer end of the tubing 48, and the grease is transferred to the outer chamber 45.
and into at least a portion of the hole 47 communicating therewith, so as to eliminate the effect of mud from the drilling operation entering the chamber 45 and to protect the sealing material 46 around the outer end of the rod 44. . A plug 49 made of plastic or other suitable material is
It slides within the bore 47 between the inner and outer confined locations to successfully isolate the well fluid from the grease. The limits of movement of the plug are defined by snap rings retained within the inner and outer ends of the inner rod 30 and outer rod 44.

If the ram moves to the closed position, plug 49
As the main portions of the outer rods 44 withdraw from the chamber 45, they have moved outward to a position near their outer limited position. Once the grease has been lost from the chamber 45, the plug is held in the bore by the outer snap-ring and the drilling operation causes a volume of mud to pass through the plug through the restricted bore 50 within it. When the ram is withdrawn and the outer rod 44 moves into the chamber 45, the plug 49
is moved inwardly to its innermost position as shown in FIG. The grease passes through the plug through a restricted hole 50 in the plug, so there is no need to make a slot in the hole through the rod.

Next, I will explain the overall picture of the work of the preventer. The ram is then retracted to the outer position as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, and given the shearing pipe 24 in the bore 22, control fluid is supplied to the outside of the piston means 29 while , which is ejected from the inside and moves the ram inwardly into engagement with the opposite side of the pipe. It will be appreciated that in this regard both rams do not necessarily have to move into these positions simultaneously. In fact, one of the rams typically engages the pipe side before the other ram. This is of course especially true if only one ram's control rod is pressure equalized during this cycle stage, in which case that ram will of course move inward before the other rams. is normal.

In any case, as the inner end of one ram engages the side of the pipe, it retards its further inward movement, and finally the other ram moves inward and attaches its inner end to the side of the pipe. Engage with the opposite side.

As previously mentioned, since the well fluid acts across the outer ends of both the inner and outer pistons 60, 61, both rams are moved with relatively large forces. Fifth
As shown in the figure, as the rams continuously move inward with this relatively large force, their inner ends begin to flatten the side of the pipe, and then continue to flatten until the cutting edges of the rams As the pipe moves back and forth, the pipe is sheared as shown in Figure 6.

As can be seen in FIG. 6, during this pipe shearing movement of the ram, the inner end of arm 53 engages and flattens the opposite sides of the pipe above the shear vanes.

Thus, as the rams continue to move inwardly following shearing of the pipe, the inner ends of the rams, which grip the flattened sides of the pipes, begin to pivot upwardly from their supporting position, thus resulting in Raise the sheared upper end of the pipe above the inner end of the passageway between the inner end 35 of the right hand ram vane and the transverse packing 34 as shown. When the pipe is sheared, the inner end of the outer piston 60 moves into engagement with the inner end of the cylinder 28, so that the ram is moved with relatively little force by the control fluid acting across the outer end of the piston 61 only. continues to move inward.

The rams continue to move inwardly until reaching the closed position, sealingly engaging the inner end 35 of the right hand ram vane with the seal 34 with relatively little force. of course,
At the same time, the arm 53 tilts further upwardly to lift the sheared upper end of the pipe past the vanes on the inner end of the ram, while the sheared lower end of the pipe is pushed up into the recess 52. , thereby preventing interference with the fully closed movement of the ram.

The cut upper end of the pipe is then drilled and
rig so that the drill rig with which it is suspended can be moved from the well site, and the inner ends of the arms are then free to swing inwardly and engage each other. At this time, control fluid is introduced into the cylinder 28 on the left-hand side of the piston means, while being discharged from the right-hand side thereof, causing the ram to be withdrawn into its outer position.

As shown in FIG. 9, each outer piston 60 initially moves outwardly relative to the inner piston until the flange 62A engages the inside of each inner piston, so that the ram initially moves the control fluid between both pistons. It is retracted with a relatively large force due to its effect on the inner end. Of course, outward movement of the rod opens the outer end of the passageway 40 in the right hand ram 26B, allowing the relatively high pressure in the chamber behind the ram 26B to escape into the inner diameter 22 of the closed ram top. As previously explained, this substantially equalizes the pressure across the ends of the right-hand ram and substantially equalizes the pressure across the inner and outer ends of the left-hand ram 26A after the right-hand ram is withdrawn from the left-hand ram. Equalizes and thereby facilitates the withdrawal of each ram.

If there is no pipe 24 within the inner diameter 22 and the ram functions as a conventional "blind" ram,
The inner ends of the arms 53 engage each other at a position only slightly beyond that shown in FIG. 6 when the ram is moved inwardly. During this phase of the ram's closing motion, the cutting edges of the shear vanes move back and forth against each other, engaging the inner ends of the arms, and as the control rod of each ram continues to move inwardly,
Pivot upward into the tilted position. This inward movement of the rod and upward pivoting of the arm is
This continues until the inner end 35 of the right hand ram vane engages the seal 34. At this point the arm tilts to the extent shown in FIG.

During the opening and closing cycles of the rams, whether shearing the pipe or closing on the open inner diameter, the rod operating the right hand ram 26B is always balanced and the rod operating the left hand ram 26A remains balanced during the opening movement. pressure is equalized. Additionally, the plug functions in the manner previously described to substantially prevent mud from the drilling operation from entering the balance chamber 45.

From what has been said above, it can be seen that the present invention is well suited to accomplish all of the foregoing objectives, along with other obvious advantages and advantages inherent in the device. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a vertical sectional view of a blowout preventer constructed in accordance with the invention, with the ram being withdrawn to a position within its guideway; FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a blowout preventer similar to that of FIG. In the figure, after both rams move inward to shear the pipe, the cut end is lifted up from the passageway between the sealing means on both ram faces and the upper end is opened between them. Fig. 3 is a side view and a top view of both rams removed from their guide paths, as seen from the inner end; Figure 4 is a partial vertical sectional view of the preventer containing the right hand ram and its working system, when the piston of the working system is completely retracted outwards and the ram is withdrawn to the open position; is similar to Figure 4, except that the ram moves inward in response to control fluid pressure being applied to the outside of the piston of the working system, so that the inner end of the vane's cutting edge is inside the inner diameter of the housing. Figure 6 is very similar to Figure 5 when the opposite side of the pipe engages with the opposite side and begins to flatten the same side, but the ram moves further inward and causes the vane to shear the pipe. , and the inner end of the gripping and lifting arm grips and flattens the opposite side of the pipe above the cutting edge of the ram, and the outer annular piston of the working system is moved and joined with the inner end of the cylinder, Figure 7 is similar to Figure 6, but after continuous inward movement of the ram following shearing of the pipe.
The arm lifts the upper end of the sheared pipe onto the upper vane, thus removing it from the passageway between the inner end of the upper vane and the packing that extends across the inner end of the other ram and over the lower vane. Figure 8 is similar to Figure 7, but as the inner piston moves further inward, the inner piston of the work system moves inward relative to the stationary outer piston. the ram moves further inward to lift the severed end of the pipe onto the inner end of the ram, and then moves the inner end of the upper vane into sealing engagement with the seal on the lower vane. 9 shows how the hole passing through the housing is closed.
Similar to the figure, the sheared pipe upper end is removed from between the gripping and lifting arms, and its inner ends swing downwardly and inwardly into engagement with each other;
Further control fluid is supplied to the inside of the working system piston to retract the inside end of the right hand piston rod, opening an internal passageway and thus equalizing the pressure across the inside and outside ends of both rams. state. 20... Blowout preventer, 22... Inner diameter, 24...
Pipe, 25...Ringway, 26A, 26B...Ram, 27...Guideway, 28...Cylinder, 21
...housing, 29,60,61...piston, 30...rod, 31,34...packet,
21A...Body, 32...Bonnet, BL, BU
... Blade, 35, 54 ... Inner end, 37 ... Side part, 38 ... Top, 53 ... Arm, 52, 55
... Recessed part, 60 ... Outer piston, 61 ...
Inner piston, 30, 44...rod, 62A,
62B...flange, P ₁ , P ₂ ... hole, 40... passage, 40A... branch pipe, 42... stud bolt, 4
8...Tube material, 46...Ring, 45...Atrioventricular chamber, 3
1, 46... Sealing means, 41... Head, E...
Mounting material, 49... plug, 47, 50... hole, G
……groove.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A housing has an inner diameter passing through the housing, and guide paths that intersect and oppose each other inside the inner diameter, and a ram moves back and forth inside each of the guide paths, and The ram has at its inner end a cutting edge that moves across the cutting edge of the other ram in the guideway to shear the pipe within the inner diameter when both rams move toward each other; Sealing means are provided for sealing between the upper rams and between each ram and the guideway, and for closing the inner diameter when the pipe is sheared and the rams continue to move toward each other. grasping opposite sides of the pipe as it moves and shearing the pipe, and lifting the sheared upper end of the grabbed pipe out of the passageway of the means for sealing between the rams as they continue to move toward each other; A blowout prevention machine characterized by being provided with means for being conveyed by a ram. 2 The gripping and lifting means conveyed by each ram,
an arm mounted on the ram and pivoting about a generally horizontal axis transverse to the axis of reciprocation of the ram;
means for supporting each arm in a position such that its inner end moves into gripping engagement with the side of the pipe at the top of its pivot axis, with continued inward movement of both rams; , wherein the arm swings upwardly about the pivot axis and lifts the sheared end of the pipe with a progressively larger vertical component of force. Blowout prevention machine. 3. An imaginary line extending through the pivot axis and the inner end of each arm extends from approximately 30° at the support position of the arm.
Almost 60 when the pipe is lifted and both rams are closed
3. A blowout preventer according to claim 2, characterized in that the blowout preventer forms an angle with the horizontal that increases up to .degree. 4. A patent claim characterized in that, in the absence of a pipe within the inner diameter, the inner ends of the arms engage each other and are inclined upwardly so that the inner ends of the rams move into sealing engagement with each other. Blowout prevention machine according to item 2 or 3 of the scope. 5 Each ram has a recess in its upper side that is open at its forward end, and each arm of each ram is supported and guided within the recess whose inner end extends through the open end. The upper side of the road restricts movement of the top side of the arm from the recess when the ram moves to the closed position and engages the top side of the arm when the ram returns to the open position. 3. The blowout prevention device according to claim 2, wherein the blowout prevention device can be returned to the recessed portion. 6 Patent characterized in that the sealing means include a sealing strip on the lower cut surface on one of the rams and is engaged on its upper cut surface by a surface on the inner end of the other ram. A blowout prevention machine according to claim 1. 7. In a ram assembly for use in a blowout preventer that includes a housing having a penetrating inner diameter and a guideway that intersects inside the inner diameter, the ram on one side moves within the guideway and the ram on the other side moves inside the guideway. A pair of rams mounted to move back and forth with one ram, on the inner end of each ram that moves across the cutting edge of the other ram and cuts the pipe inside the inner diameter when both rams move toward each other. for sealing between the cutting blades, between them on the cutting blades, and between each of them and the guideway through which it moves to close the inner diameter once the pipe has been cut and both rams have subsequently moved towards each other; means on the ram and carried by the ram to grip opposite sides of the pipe as the rams move toward each other and shear the pipe, and to seal between them as the rams continue to move toward each other; A ram assembly as described above, comprising means for lifting the sheared upper end of the pipe from the passageway of the means. 8 The gripping and lifting means conveyed by each ram,
arms mounted on the ram and pivoting about a generally horizontal axis transverse to the axis of reciprocating motion of the ram, each arm having its inner end moving to grip a pipe end on its pivot axis; means for supporting the pipe in mating position, with continued inward movement of both rams causing said arms to swing about said pivot axis and to shear the sheared end of the pipe with progressively larger vertical force components. 9. The ram assembly of claim 8, wherein the ram assembly lifts a ram assembly. 9. An imaginary line extending through the pivot axis and the inner end of each ram is located approximately in the supported position of the arm.
A ram set according to claim 8, characterized in that it forms an angle with respect to the horizontal axis that increases from an angle of 30° to an angle of approximately 60° when the pipe is lifted and both rams close. Three-dimensional. 10 If there is no pipe inside the inner diameter,
Claim 8, characterized in that the inner ends of the arms engage each other and are tilted upwardly to allow the inner ends of the rams to move into sealing engagement with each other. ram assembly. 11 Each ram has a recess on its upper side that is open at its front, and each arm of each ram is supported with its inner end in the recess extending through the open end, and The upper side restricts movement of the top side of the arm from the recess when the ram moves to the closed position and engages the top side of the arm to prevent it from moving when the ram returns to the open position. 11. A ram assembly as claimed in claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that it ensures return into the recess. 12. characterized in that the sealing means includes a packing strip on one of the rams on its lower cutting surface and is engaged on its upper cutting surface by a surface on the inner end of the other ram; A ram assembly according to claim 8. 13 A main body that moves back and forth within a guideway of the blowout preventer housing along an inner diameter passing through the housing that intersects with the guideway; a cutting blade which moves across the blade, such that the pipe within the inner diameter is sheared when both rams move towards each other; means provided above the cutting edge on the inner end of the side ram and in sealing engagement with the means on the inner end of the body of the other ram, above the cutting edge, along both opposing sides, over the top side of the ram body; , means for sealingly engaging the guideway during further movement of the ram toward the other ram after shearing the pipe, and conveyed by the other ram as the rams move toward each other to shear the pipe; When both rams continue to move in the mutual direction, the ram body means for lifting the sheared upper end of the pipe out of the passage of the sealing means on the inner end of the blowout preventer ram. 14 Grasping and lifting means carried by the ram body include an arm mounted on the ram body and pivotable about a generally horizontal axis transverse to the axis of reciprocation of the ram, and with the inner end of the arm attached to the pipe side. and the arm is supported in a position such that it performs a gripping and engaging movement on its pivot axis, with the arm tilting upwardly about the pivot axis as the ram continues to move inwardly, and progressively increasing 14. A ram assembly as claimed in claim 13, comprising means adapted to lift the sheared end of the pipe with a perpendicular force component. 15 An imaginary line through the pivot axis and the inner end of each arm extends from approximately 30° at the supported device of the arm to approximately 60° when the pipe is lifted and the ram is closed.
15. The ram assembly of claim 14, wherein the ram assembly forms an angle with respect to the horizontal axis that increases to .degree. 16. The ram body has a recess on its upper side that is open at its front, and the arm is supported within the recess through which its inner end extends through the open end thereof, and the ram is moved to a closed position. When the upper side of the guideway restricts the movement of the top side of the arm out of the recess and engages the top side of the arm so that it moves into the recess when the ram returns to the open position. 15. A ram assembly as claimed in claim 14, which guarantees a return to . 17. The ram assembly of claim 13, wherein the means on the inner end of the ram body is a transverse packing material. 18. The ram assembly of claim 13, wherein the means on the inner end of the ram body is a surface for engaging a transverse packing material on the other ram body. 19 A housing having an inner diameter passing therethrough and a guideway intersecting the inner diameter, each ram moving back and forth with the other ram in each guideway, each ram cooperating with a cutting edge on the other ram, and both rams moving toward each other. a ram having a cutting edge on its inner end which shears the pipe within said inner diameter when moved to, sealing the other ram and the guideway;
means for shearing the pipe and closing the inner diameter as the rams continue to move toward each other, and means for moving the rams inwardly with an initial force until the pipe is sheared, and then applying a second, smaller force to the rams; A blowout preventer comprising a fluid working means for moving inward to close the inner diameter. 20 Place the sheared upper end of the pipe into the second
20. A blowout preventer as claimed in claim 19, including means on the ram for lifting the ram over sealing means on the inner end of the ram in response to the force of the ram moving inwardly. 21 The fluid working means includes a pair of cylinders within the housing, first and second pistons that reciprocate in a sealed manner within each cylinder, and selectively supplies a control working fluid to opposite sides of the pistons within the cylinders. a rod for connecting one of the pistons in each cylinder to each ram and simultaneously moving it back and forth from said inner diameter in an inward and outward direction; The other piston within the cylinder is connected to one piston within the same interior to limit inward and outward movement relative thereto, with the other piston moving inwardly and the control fluid flowing to their outer ends. means, within each cylinder, which engage one piston in response to the fluid being supplied to the piston, causing the ram to move inwardly and causing the pipe to be initially sheared by the force due to such fluid pressure acting on both pistons; , when the rams move inwardly to shear the pipe, the piston on the other side stops moving inwardly, and each ram receives a second injection by the control fluid acting only on that one ram. 21. A blowout preventer as claimed in claim 19 or claim 20, comprising means for continuing to move inwardly into a sealed position under the force of. 22. The blowout preventer according to claim 21, wherein each of the first pistons slides in a sealed manner within the cylinder, and each of the second pistons slides in a sealed manner within the first piston. 23 The first piston is the latter piston,
23. The blowout prevention machine according to claim 22, wherein the second piston is the former piston. 24 A housing having an inner diameter passing through the interior and an opposing guideway crossing the inner diameter, a ram reciprocating within the guideway between the open and closed positions of the inner diameter, between the inner ends of both rams when both rams are closed, and each ram. means for providing a seal between the housing inner diameter below the closed ram and a chamber in the housing behind the closed ram such that fluid within the inner diameter drives the ram to the closed condition; means comprising a passage communicating between the dorsal chamber of only one of the rams and the inner diameter of the housing on both closed rams; A blowout preventer comprising means for opening a passage and means for reciprocating both rams between an open position and a closed position. 25 a body having a flow passage therethrough, a member reciprocating within the body between respective first and second positions more or less restricting said flow rate, a cylindrical outer part of the body, a piston reciprocating within said cylinder; , extending sealingly into the body for connection with the member, moving the member to its first position when the rod moves inwardly and to its second position when the rod moves outwardly. means for reciprocating the member between first and second positions for moving the member;
Furthermore, there is another rod on the piston extending sealingly into the chamber toward the outside of the cylinder, a hole extending through the piston and both rods and communicating the inside of the body with the outside chamber; a plug slidably mounted within the bore for reciprocating between positions; a fitting which injects the amount of grease expelled by the plug so as to approximately equal the amount expelled by the other rod as it moves into the lateral chamber; a plug that allows grease to pass through the plug when the plug is in its outer position, and that allows pipe fluid to pass through the plug when the plug is in its outer position.