JPS6221093B2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

A ripping tool (60) positioned below the earth's surface is driven by the output of a vibrating, preferably resonant force transmitting beam (64) which has lateral dimensions smaller than those of the ripping tool and is positioned below the earth's surface. The beam is configured to have a single resonant node when restrained from vibrating at such node and is supported (66) so that the single node is above the earth's surface and restrained from vibrating. The output of the beam is enlarged in thickness to form a hammer. A protective gap is maintained by a tool stop (62) between the tool and the output of the force transmitting beam. The width of the tool stop is precisely controlled by shimming (63) the tool stop and/or the supports for the force transmitting beam.

Description

Claim 1: A device for driving a tool or other member, the device having the shape of an angle member having two separated legs that meet at a connection point, and when restrained, generates a simple harmonic node about the connection point. a resonant member formed such that both ends of the angle-shaped member form an antinode; and a driving means for causing at least near-resonance vibration of the angle-shaped member, the one leg periodically transmitting the driving force of the driving means to the tool. Characteristic tool drive device.

2. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein the two legs are spread at an angle of approximately 90 degrees.

3. The support means includes a support member that is connected to the angle-shaped member at the connection point of the two legs and projects laterally, and means for pivotally supporting the support member. The drive device according to scope 1.

4. The drive device according to claim 1, further comprising a side plate that supports the angle-shaped member support means and movably supports the tool.

5. The drive device according to claim 4, further comprising a parallelogram device supporting the side plate.

6. The driving device according to claim 1, wherein the driving means includes an eccentric weight type oscillator connected to an end of the other leg of the angle-shaped member.

7. The resonant member has ears that protrude from the connection point along a plane that approximately bisects the angle formed between the two legs, in order to fix the position of the angle-shaped member. The drive device according to claim 1, characterized in that:

8. The drive device according to claim 7, wherein the support means includes a side plate having a stop member, and the ears of the chevron member pivot and abut against the stop member.

9. The drive according to claim 7, further comprising a filler between the ear and the stop member for adjusting the end position of one leg of the angle member. Device.

10. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein the end of one leg of the angle-shaped member is thickened.

11. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein the two legs are straight.

Description of Related Applications This application is filed in conjunction with co-pending application No. 905347 filed on May 12, 1978 by the applicant and filed on December 26, 1978.
This is a continuation in part of co-pending application no. 973187. This application fully incorporates the contents of both co-pending applications as reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally comprises the use of a vibrating member to drive a power transmission device, and more particularly a vertical tool, into soil, rock, or other earth material. It relates to mechanical devices.

A mechanical device for driving a vertical pulling tool with a vibrating member is known. For example, the Bourdain patent, US Pat. No. 3,336,082, discloses a rock longitudinal tooth integral with the lower end of a linear resonator. The Kotubu et al. patents, Nos. 3,770,322 and 4,003,603, disclose longitudinal tools mounted for reciprocating motion. That is, the vibration generating source and the hammer that periodically strikes the tool are connected via a non-resonant force transmitting rod. Shato patent, i.e. No.
No. 3,633,683 discloses a rotary vertical pulling tool driven by a hammer located above the ground. This hammer is attached to the lower end of a linear resonant member connected to a vibration source. Since there is a condition that the support for the transmission member is placed above the ground and the vertical pulling tool is placed below the ground, there are restrictions on their placement position and space, so in order to drive the vertical pulling tool efficiently. Mechanical design is becoming increasingly difficult.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention, a reciprocatingly mounted vertical pulling tool is configured such that an output portion having a smaller lateral dimension than the vertical pulling tool is driven by a vibratory, preferably resonant, power transmission member. It is set as. This resonant transmission member is supported such that its output portion is located below the ground and very close to the cutting surface of the vertical tool. The lateral thickness of the longitudinal tool serves to divert ground material outwardly and away from the passageway of the resonant transmission member output. Preferably, the narrow portion of the vertical tool is such that the cutting surface has a central vertical introduction blade that cuts the ground material and is positioned upwardly to deflect the cutting surface outwardly and away from the power transmission member. do.

One of the features of the present invention is the single node
It is a resonant transmission member having. When supporting this transmission member, the single section is positioned above the ground, and the output portion of the transmission member is positioned below the ground and near the cutting surface of the vertical tool. The use of a single-barrel resonant moving member allows for a reduction in the longitudinal space of the resonant member required for a given tool drive stroke.

Another feature of the present invention is a tool stopper disposed between the tool and the transmission member output section.
This made it possible to maintain a protective gap regardless of the relative magnitudes of vibration and traction forces. The tool is limited in its backward movement by the stop member, so that it cannot reach the neutral position of the transmission member output. Preferably, a pad is inserted into either or both of the tool stopper and the transmission member support to accurately set the protective gap width.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The features of specific embodiments best suited for carrying out the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view of the tool drive of the present invention with a portion cut away. Figure 1A is the first
It is an enlarged view of a part of the figure. 2 is a plan view of the left actuating portion of the device of FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 3--3 of FIG.
FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the operating characteristics of the tool driving device of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 3, somewhat modified. 7 is a side view of an alternative portion of the apparatus of FIG. 1; FIG.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS It is an object of the present invention to employ a vibrating member in a tool driving device, and to reduce the vibration of a beam or other transmission member to various other forces applied during operation of the device. The goal is to be able to maintain it regardless of the
To this end, a longitudinal tool is supported for pivoting movement about a tool frame that is adjustable on the rear of a moving carrier generally in the form of a standard tractor; The support is arranged generally transversely to the direction of tractor movement to allow the tool to pivot back and forth along the general direction of tractor movement. The tool frame is
It is movable up and down through its adjustable support so that, when lowered, the vertical tool can be positioned several feet below the surface of the soil or other material it is working on. .

To transmit the earth excavation reciprocating motion to the vertical pulling tool,
A resonant member is used, and more specifically, a member in the shape of a chevron having a pair of legs supported in an angular relationship starting from a pivot support supported on both side plates of a tool frame. One leg protrudes generally downward in a vertical direction and is located near the rear surface of the vertical pulling tool, and the other leg has a bevel angle of approximately 90 degrees from the one leg, and therefore the frame A member is used which protrudes generally horizontally forward between the side plates, and whose tip is coupled to a sound generator, an eccentric weight type oscillator, or other member that energizes the resonant vibration of the angle-shaped member. ing. Therefore, since the pivoting support body is located at the central node position, there is almost no possibility that vibrations will be transmitted back to the support frame.
Because the lateral dimension of the chevron is smaller than that of the vertical tool, the chevron can be located below the surface of the soil or other material being excavated by the vertical tool, and still It doesn't interfere with your work.

The chevron has a short ear protruding upward from the joint position and is placed near the stop member installed between the side plates, so that the chevron can be rotated in one direction around the pivot rod. It is possible to limit the turning movement to. A tamper or other member can be used to adjust the tamper coupling position of the ear and thus the neutral position of the resonant angle, and more specifically the position of its lower part where it mates with the tool. It has become possible to limit In the limited neutral position, the tool is restrained by a stop member with an adjustment pad to prevent it from pivoting backwards and coming into contact with the adjacent part of the chevron. Therefore, regardless of the pressure exerted on the longitudinal tool, the resonant (angular) member will remain active when properly energized by a sound generator, eccentric oscillator, or other member. It can pivot in any direction according to the resonant vibrations, without any possibility of tightening the angle.

Now, to explain Figures 1 and 2,
A vertical pull tool assembly 10 is mounted to the rear of a generally conventional tractor 12, which tractor is supported by a moving support member in the form of spaced tracks 14, which support member is defined by a conventional steering system 16. It is assumed that the steering device can be moved forward, and the driver seated in the driver's seat 18 moves the steering device to an appropriate adjacent control rod 20.
In addition to the steering operation, power is transmitted from the normal engine 22 to the endless track section, and the vertical pulling tool assembly 10 can be easily accessed.
Hydraulic pumps 38 and 74, which are connected to several hydraulic members of the apparatus, can be energized. This point will be discussed in detail later.

A heavy plate is attached to the rear of the tractor 12 and supports a pair of parallelogram units 26 in laterally spaced and generally parallel positions, each unit 26 having a heavy plate mounted on the rear of the tractor. A rigid vertical leg 28 is provided at both upper and lower ends of the leg.
It is adapted to support pivotably supported legs 30 and 32, respectively. The legs 30, 32 project rearwardly and pivotally support at their respective rear ends the upper and lower ends of the rear vertical legs 34 of each parallelogram device 26. A double-acting hydraulic ram 36 is pivotally connected between the lower end of the rear vertical leg 34 and the center of the front vertical leg 28 via a horizontal bar 31 and a separate horizontal bar (not shown). This allows the rear vertical leg of the parallelogram device to move up and down when hydraulic fluid is discharged from the pump 38 by operation of the driver.

Rigid transverse members 40, 42 extend laterally between the rear ends of the parallelogram device 26, with brackets 44, 46 aligned with generally perpendicular pivot pins 48, 50 at the center of both the upper and lower parts thereof. is installed.
Pins 48 and 50 pass through alignment holes in brackets 52 and 54, which also secure side plates 56 of vertical pull tool 10. Thus, the vertical pull tool assembly 10 can pivot about a generally vertical axis defined by the pins 48, 50 to accommodate the travel motion of the tractor 12.

The side plates 56 are spaced parallel to each other and the parallelogram device 26 is
The vertical pulling tool 6 is extended rearward from the
Several members are supported, including a horizontal pivot pin 58 which supports the 0 for pivoting movement in both the forward and backward directions. The vertical drawing tool 60 has a generally normal shape. That is, a long shank portion 60a extends downward in a generally vertical direction from the support pivot pin 58, and a tooth portion 60b protruding forward at an angle is provided at the lower end of the long shank portion 60a. The tooth portion 60b is fixedly held at the end of the shank portion 60a by a holding pin 60d. As shown in FIG.
The front surface of 0a is convergent, centrally located, vertical,
A wedge-shaped protrusion 60c on the advancing side is formed, which is useful for excavating the ground. In addition,
It should be noted here that although one vertical pulling tool 60 is shown in the figure, if desired, a group of tools each having a similar shape can be installed side by side. be. When the parallelogram is lowered into the operating position, the tool 60 will be several feet below the ground or other surface, as shown in FIG. 1, to ensure proper operation of the tool drive and the tractor. It is now possible to carry out vertical pulling work in response to forward movement. In addition,
This point will be explained in detail later.

Although the vertical pulling tool 60 is fully pivotable and is adapted to pivot forward into contact with the soil or other material being worked on, in the present invention it is provided with a stop equipped with a removable filler 63. A member 62 is disposed between the side plates 56 of the frame to limit its rearward movement to specific locations, as described below, where it does not interfere with normal operation of the machine.

The tool drive includes an angle member made of solid steel or other resilient material with a pair of straight integral legs extending along a diverging passageway at approximately 90 degrees or similar angles from the connection point. It is preferable that both legs of the resonant transmission member 64 in the shape of , as shown in FIG. It is possible to form a hammer with a large volume of the striking area by the tool 60. The stop member 62 is equipped with a rigid rod,
This is fixed to both side plates 56 of the vertical pulling tool assembly 10 between the vertical pulling tool 60 and the rest position of the vertical end of the resonant member 64.

In order to attach the resonant angle member 64, an integral ear portion 76 is provided to protrude outward from the leg connection point of the angle member, that is, in a direction that bisects the angle between the legs. As used herein, the term "unitary" refers to the fact that the entire resonant member 64, legs and ears 76, is cast or forged as a unitary unitary piece. Both parallel plates 65 are connected to both sides of the ear portion 76 by welding or the like. A hole is drilled in the parallel plate 65 aligned with the connection point of the angle to receive a short shaft 66 which is welded or otherwise connected to the plate 65. The shaft 66 is pivotably supported by a bushing 67 which is mounted within a hard rubber hub 69 supported by the side plate 56. Therefore, although a pivoting support is provided for the angle member, the support is somewhat flexible and does not disturb the resonant vibration of the angle member 64 in any way. It is something.

In the operating position, one leg of the resonant angle member 64 extends generally vertically, and its lower end, or enlarged thickness portion, is located very close to the rear surface of the lower end of the vertical pulling tool 60, and the resonant angle member 64 is operated. In response to this, the rear surface of the vertical tool is repeatedly struck periodically, so that the tooth portion 60b can be repeatedly driven into the adjacent soil or other earth material. Yamagata material 64
The portion connected to the tool is located below the ground near the toothed portion 60b, so that optimum pressure can be transmitted to the toothed portion. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the tool coupling portion of the angle member 64 is located below the track portion 14. As shown in FIG. 4, the lateral or lateral dimension of the lower end of the resonant angle member 64 is smaller than the dimension of the adjacent vertical pulling tool 60. Therefore, after the soil is removed with a tool, there is almost no contact between the soil and the chevron. The outward removal of soil by the vertical pulling tool 60 is similar to clearing snow from the path with a mobile snow shovel.

A device is provided for energizing the resonant chevron 64 to produce resonant vibrations, preferably as described in this application, the contents of which are fully incorporated by reference in this application. That is, it is preferably in the form of a sound generator or eccentric weight oscillator 68 as shown in co-pending application no. 973161 dated the same date as the present application. The oscillator 68 is connected to the horizontal leg end of the resonant angle and is actuated by a hydraulic motor 70 via a belt transmission 71. A motor 70 is coupled to one of the side plates 56 and in fluid communication with a hydraulic pump 74 for operation under operator control. When oscillator 68 is driven by motor 70, the eccentric weight rotates at or near the resonant frequency of angle member 64, which is typically about 100 cycles per second.

It should be noted in particular that this type of resonant chevron member 64 has only one node in the center.
That is, when the angle-shaped member is supported so as not to vibrate at the illustrated connection point, there is only one node between the angle-shaped member connection point and the ear portion 76 along the straight line that bisects the angle of the angle-shaped member 64. That's what it means. The legs of the chevron resonate around this single node, and antinodes are formed at both ends of the legs. A relatively long lever on each leg.
An arm is attached, so that the stroke, in particular of the lower end of the tool actuating leg, can be made considerably longer, without making the longitudinal dimensions of the resonant member or the resonant chevron too long. I was able to get away with it. For example, an angle profile with a leg length of no more than 5 feet can have output amplitudes approaching that of a 1-inch or more vertical tool due to its periodic reciprocating stroke. Additionally, the single section and associated single section support structure are spaced much more apart from the ends of the angle section than the two section linear resonators as described in the earlier co-pending application. It is taken and placed. This is an important point in the case of a vertical pulling device in which the joint support must be positioned above the ground and the vertical pulling tool must be positioned below the ground. Moreover, since the ends of the angle bar are at an angle to each other, the sound generator is located on a plane a considerable distance from the plane in which the tool is located, as shown in FIG. .

The resonant angle member 64 is pressed by the weight of the oscillator 68 and pivots or rotates clockwise about the pin 58, as shown in FIG. A stop member 78 is coupled to the side plates 56 and an ear 76 in the path of clockwise rotation, as shown in FIG.
It extends between both side plates adjacent to the end of the. A removable shim 80 is mounted on the surface of stop member 78 facing ear 76 . In this manner, the mounting of the stop member 78 with the filler allows the end of the resonant chevron 64 adjacent to the tool 60 to be placed in a desired position, normally when the chevron is in its neutral position. makes its vertical leg vertical. The neutral position of the angle is its rest position, ie, its position when it is not resonating or deflected.

During operation, the oscillator 68 applies a reciprocating force to the end of the horizontal leg at a frequency at or near the resonant frequency of the angle member 64. When the resonant angle 64 resonates, its leg connection points or segments remain stationary and the ends of its vertical legs reciprocate back and forth, striking the tool 60 with each forward motion. . A variable gap is formed between the vertical leg end of the resonant angle member 64 and the tool 60. In other words, regardless of the continuous forward movement of the frame, the gap is closed during the forward movement of the vertical leg reciprocation, and the gap is opened during the backward movement.

The vertical pulling tool 60 is an excavation tool that moves through the soil that forms an excavation path (work path). The vertical tool assembly 10 acts as a tool holder or carrier. A tractor 12 is adapted to apply a continuous unidirectional force parallel to the excavation path to the assembly. Oscillator 68 generates a reciprocating force, at least one component of which acts parallel to the excavation path. The resonant angle member 64 is a transmission member, and the ends of its horizontal legs form an input part that receives the reciprocating force of the oscillator, and the ends of its vertical legs form an output part that transmits the reciprocating force to the tool. The tool is intermittently advanced over the excavation path in response to a continuous unidirectional force applied by tractor 12 and a reciprocating force applied by oscillator 68.

A minimum protective gap is formed between the neutral position of the resonant angle member 64 and the tool 60 by the stops 62 and 78. As a result, even if the tool 60 encounters an immovable object and cannot move forward any further, the tractor 12 continues to move forward and the tool 60
continues to move forward until it collides with the stop member 62. In other words, the tool 60 is restricted in its backward movement by the stop member 62 so as not to reach the neutral position of the angle output section. Therefore, the vertical leg end of the angle bar cannot be clamped by the tool 60 even if the tool 60 encounters an immovable object, which could potentially destroy parts of the vertical tool assembly. do not have. In the earlier co-pending application, when the tool encounters an immovable object, the beam (transmission member)
Another method is disclosed for achieving a protective gap between the output and the tool. That is, a method is disclosed that uses an oscillator reciprocating force that is significantly greater than the continuous unidirectional force provided by the moving carrier. However, in many applications requiring the application of very large continuous unidirectional forces on moving vehicles such as shovel buckets and rock hauling equipment, the oscillator reciprocating force is sufficient to achieve the gap. It is impractical to generate this in the manner described in the earlier co-pending application.

When manufacturing and assembling each part of the vertical pulling tool assembly 10, it is inevitable that some changes will occur in the relative spatial position between the parts. Adjustment is provided by a pad 63 on the member 62 and a pad 80 on the stop member 78. Instead of stamping both stop members 62 and 78, it is possible to shim only one or the other to create a minimally protective gap. In one typical example, if the peak-to-peak travel of the angle output is 2 inches and the minimum protective gap is 1/4 inch, the power stroke of the angle output will be 3/4 inch. It will be. The minimum protective gap shall not be greater than necessary to prevent resonance failure when the tool encounters an immovable object. This is because the larger the gap, the smaller the power stroke. That is, the stroke portion of the angle-shaped output portion that comes into contact with the tool becomes smaller accordingly.

In the case where the resonant angle member 64 is driven at that frequency or a frequency in the vicinity thereof without constraining the vibration of the connecting point as disclosed in the present application, the resonant angle member 64 may have a linear resonant member. Similarly, it has two nodes at both ends. In some cases,
It may be desirable to operate the angle in this manner, ie at two nodes, by supporting it at these two nodes rather than at its connection point.

In describing how stop members 62 and 78 protect vertical pull tool assembly 10, please refer to FIG. In this figure, a central horizontal line N represents the neutral position of the resonant chevron 64, more specifically its output, and a horizontal dotted line S spaced above it represents the neutral position of the resonant chevron 64 when the vertical pulling tool 60 is coupled to the stop member 62. Represents the rearmost position achievable by the tool. The distance between N and S represents the minimum protection gap. The normal resonant vibration of the output section of the resonant angle member 64 is represented by a solid sine wave indicated by R. If the tool encounters a very hard material and cannot advance any further,
It abuts the stop member 62 and is adapted to limit the travel of the angle output to an amount equal to the minimum protective gap, ie, the fore and aft position of the neutral position, as shown by the dotted sinusoidal wave R'. This limited process is Yamagata material 6
This is sufficient to maintain the resonance of 4 and thus prevent destruction of the assembly.

In the above embodiment, especially as shown in FIG.
6 is connected to the plate 65 over a short distance, so the supporting force is relatively weak. In view of this, a slightly modified and more powerful mounting arrangement as shown in FIG. 6 may also be used. As shown, parallel side plates 82
are welded to the outwardly protruding ears 84 formed at the leg connection points of the chevron member 85, and the resonant chevron member 85
The tube 86 projects adjacently on each side of the angle beyond the inner edge of the angle member to support the tube 86 within the centering hole. Tube 86 supports a single shaft 88, which is mounted with bushings 90 and rubber hubs 92 in frame side plates 94. The pipe 86 and the angle member 85 are connected to the shaft 8
8, and the shaft is rotatable about the frame side plate 94 within the bushing.

Although the tool drive device has been described in this specification with respect to a vertical tool in particular, the device has the following features:
It is clear that it is applicable to cutting blades of the type shown in their entirety in the above-cited co-pending application, as well as shovels, buckets, and various other members requiring considerable force to operate. .
Therefore, the word "tool" should be interpreted in a broad sense.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely preferred or illustrative of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. Those skilled in the art can devise a wide variety of modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although resonant members are preferred, there may be advantages to using non-resonant transmission members in some cases. Furthermore, the advantage of a resonant member with a single node located above the ground is that
This can be achieved if the output of the member strikes the tool from a position above the ground.