JPS6223261B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6223261B2 JPS6223261B2 JP54009832A JP983279A JPS6223261B2 JP S6223261 B2 JPS6223261 B2 JP S6223261B2 JP 54009832 A JP54009832 A JP 54009832A JP 983279 A JP983279 A JP 983279A JP S6223261 B2 JPS6223261 B2 JP S6223261B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- noise source
- temperature
- noise
- comparison
- switch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/006—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of the effect of a material on microwaves or longer electromagnetic waves, e.g. measuring temperature via microwaves emitted by the object
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は人工衛星等の飛翔体に搭載してリモ
ートセンシングを行うDicke比較形マイクロ波放
射計の比較雑音源および温度校正用低雑音源の改
良に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to improvements in a comparative noise source and a low noise source for temperature calibration of a Dicke comparative microwave radiometer mounted on a flying object such as an artificial satellite for remote sensing.
第１図は従来の人工衛星に搭載して地球表面の
物体から放射する電磁波を受信して地球環境のリ
モートセンシングを行うDicke比較形マイクロ波
放射計の一例である。図中１は受信アンテナ、２
はダミーロードから成る温度校正用低雑音源、３
は標準雑音源、４は比較雑音源、５は受信機およ
び６，７，８はそれぞれスイツチＡ，Ｂ，Ｃであ
る。一般に自然界の物体からは電磁波が放射され
ており、放射の強度はその物体の輝度温度と密接
な関係がある。第１図の受信アンテナ１で受信さ
れるアンテナ温度ＴAは受信アンテナ１を取りま
く物体の輝度温度の分布ＴB（Ω）と受信アンテ
ナ１の利得関数Ｇ（Ω）とを用いて
ＴA＝１／４π∫∫4〓Ｇ（Ω）ＴB（Ω）ｄΩ …(1)
で表される。ここでΩは立体角である。 Figure 1 is an example of a Dicke comparative microwave radiometer that is mounted on a conventional artificial satellite and receives electromagnetic waves emitted from objects on the earth's surface to remotely sense the earth's environment. In the figure, 1 is the receiving antenna, 2
is a low noise source for temperature calibration consisting of a dummy load, 3
is a standard noise source, 4 is a comparison noise source, 5 is a receiver, and 6, 7, and 8 are switches A, B, and C, respectively. Generally, objects in the natural world emit electromagnetic waves, and the intensity of the radiation is closely related to the brightness temperature of the object. The antenna temperature T A received by the receiving antenna 1 in FIG . It is expressed as 1/4π∫∫ 4 〓G (Ω) T B (Ω) dΩ (1). Here Ω is the solid angle.
スイツチＡ６が側に接続されている場合、受
信されたアンテナ温度ＴAはスイツチＢ７に向か
う。スイツチＢ７はある瞬間には側に接続さ
れ、次の瞬間には側に接続される操作を数百Hz
で繰り返す。またスイツチＢ７の側には一定温
度T0の低雑音を発生するダミーロードから成る
比較雑音源４が接続されており、このスイツチ切
換操作に同期する受信機５内の同期検波器を通し
て比較雑音源４の温度T0とアンテナ温度ＴAとの
差に比例する電圧Ｖが得られる。ただし、比較雑
音源４のダミーロードは常に宇宙の冷たい空間に
向けられているものとする。この場合、ダミーロ
ードは放射冷却を行うことによつて低雑音源とな
り得る。しかもダミーロードの整合がとれていさ
えすればダミーロードの等価雑音温度はその物理
的温度に等しくなるため、ダミーロードに温度セ
ンサを取り付け、それをモニタすることによつて
温度T0の値を知ることができる。 If switch A6 is connected to the side, the received antenna temperature T A goes to switch B7. Switch B7 is connected to the side at one moment, and the operation at the next moment is several hundred Hz.
Repeat with In addition, a comparison noise source 4 consisting of a dummy load that generates low noise at a constant temperature T 0 is connected to the switch B7 side, and the comparison noise source 4 is transmitted through a synchronous detector in the receiver 5 that is synchronized with the switch switching operation. A voltage V is obtained that is proportional to the difference between the temperature T 0 of No. 4 and the antenna temperature T A. However, it is assumed that the dummy load of comparison noise source 4 is always directed toward the cold space of space. In this case, the dummy load can become a low noise source by performing radiation cooling. Moreover, as long as the dummy load is matched, the equivalent noise temperature of the dummy load will be equal to its physical temperature. Therefore, by attaching a temperature sensor to the dummy load and monitoring it, the value of the temperature T 0 can be determined. be able to.
マイクロ波放射計の観測機能を達成するために
は発生した電圧Ｖをもとにアンテナ温度ＴAの値
を知ることが必要条件であり、この値は次の手順
を経ることによつて求めることができる。 In order to achieve the observation function of a microwave radiometer, it is necessary to know the value of the antenna temperature T A based on the generated voltage V, and this value can be found by going through the following steps. I can do it.
まずスイツチＡ６の接続を側から側に切り
換える。スイツチＣ８が側の時に温度校正用低
雑音源２からのアンンテナ温度T1が、そして
側の時に標準雑音源３の雑音温度T2が受信機５
に導かれ、それぞれ比較雑音源４との温度差に比
例する電圧V1およびV2が受信機５内で発生す
る。ここで温度校正用低雑音源２のダミーロード
は、比較雑音源４のダミーロードと同様常に宇宙
の冷たい空間に向けられているものとすれば比較
雑音源４の場合と同様にして受信機５の入力温度
T1を知ることができる。一方、標準雑音源３の
雑音温度も標準雑音源３に温度センサを取り付
け、それをモニタすることによつて受信機５の入
力温度T2を知ることができる。なおT0＜T1＜T2
であればV1＜Ｖ＜V2の関係があり、T1，T2，
V1，V2およびＶがわかるとアンテナ温度ＴAは次
式から求まる。 First, switch the connection of switch A6 from side to side. When switch C8 is set to the side, the antenna temperature T1 from the low noise source 2 for temperature calibration is set to the side, and when switch C8 is set to the side, the noise temperature T2 of the standard noise source 3 is set to the receiver 5.
, voltages V 1 and V 2 are generated in the receiver 5 which are each proportional to the temperature difference with the comparison noise source 4 . Here, assuming that the dummy load of the low noise source 2 for temperature calibration is always directed toward the cold space of space like the dummy load of the comparison noise source 4, the receiver 5 input temperature of
You can know T 1 . On the other hand, by attaching a temperature sensor to the standard noise source 3 and monitoring the noise temperature of the standard noise source 3, the input temperature T2 of the receiver 5 can be determined. Note that T 0 < T 1 < T 2
If so, there is a relationship of V 1 <V < V 2 , and T 1 , T 2 ,
When V 1 , V 2 and V are known, the antenna temperature T A can be found from the following equation.
ＴA＝Ｖ２Ｔ１−Ｖ１Ｔ２／Ｖ２−Ｖ１＋Ｔ２−Ｔ１
／Ｖ２−Ｖ１…(2)
なお以上では便宜上スイツチ等RF回路の損失
は無いものと仮定して説明した。 T A =V 2 T 1 −V 1 T 2 /V 2 −V 1 +T 2 −T 1
/V 2 −V 1 (2) For the sake of convenience, the explanation above has been made on the assumption that there is no loss in the RF circuit such as a switch.
以上の説明からも明らかなように従来のDicke
比較形マイクロ波放射計においては比較雑音源４
と温度校正用低雑音源２とにそれぞれ別個のダミ
ーロードを使用しているため重量の増加、ダミー
ロード相互間の影響等が問題となる欠点があつ
た。 As is clear from the above explanation, the conventional Dicke
In comparative microwave radiometers, comparative noise source 4
Since separate dummy loads are used for the low noise source 2 for temperature calibration and the low noise source 2 for temperature calibration, there are disadvantages such as an increase in weight and mutual influence between the dummy loads.
そこで、この発明においては比較雑音源と温度
校正用低雑音源とを共用することによつて上述の
従来の欠点を除去するようにしたものである。以
下図面によりこの発明の一実施例について説明す
る。 Therefore, in the present invention, the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks are eliminated by sharing the comparison noise source and the low noise source for temperature calibration. An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第２図において１は受信アンテナ、３は標準雑
音源、５は受信機、６，７，８はそれぞれスイツ
チＡ，Ｂ，Ｃ、９は比較雑音源と温度校正用低雑
音源とを兼ねたダミーロードおよび１０は分配器
である。ダミーロード９は太陽、日等の影響を受
けないような衛星構体面に取り付けられ、常に宇
宙の冷たい空間側にあるものとする。この発明で
はダミーロード９は比較雑音源と温度校正用低雑
音源との両者を兼ねており、ダミーロード９から
の雑音電波は分配器１０によつて分けられた後、
それぞれ所定の雑音源としての役目を果たすこと
になる。このため従来のように２個のダミーロー
ドを用いた場合に比ベダミーロード相互間の影響
が無くなる等の利点を有する。 In Fig. 2, 1 is a receiving antenna, 3 is a standard noise source, 5 is a receiver, 6, 7, and 8 are switches A, B, and C, respectively, and 9 serves as a comparison noise source and a low noise source for temperature calibration. The dummy load and 10 are distributors. The dummy load 9 is attached to a surface of the satellite structure that is not affected by the sun, sunlight, etc., and is always on the cold space side of space. In this invention, the dummy load 9 serves as both a comparison noise source and a low noise source for temperature calibration, and after the noise radio waves from the dummy load 9 are separated by the distributor 10,
Each of them will serve as a predetermined noise source. Therefore, when two dummy loads are used as in the conventional case, there is an advantage that there is no influence between the dummy loads.
以上では人工衛星を例にとつて説明したが他の
飛翔体であつても差し支えない。 Although the explanation has been given using an artificial satellite as an example, other flying objects may be used.
以上述べたようにこの発明によれば１個のダミ
ーロードで比較雑音源と温度校正用低雑音源とが
得られる効果を有する。 As described above, the present invention has the effect that a comparison noise source and a low noise source for temperature calibration can be obtained with one dummy load.
第１図は従来のマイクロ波放射計の説明図、第
２図はこの発明の一実施例を示す図であり、図中
１は受信アンテナ、２は温度校正用低雑音源、３
は標準雑音源、４は比較雑音源、５は受信機、
６，７，８はそれぞれスイツチＡ，Ｂ，Ｃ、９は
ダミーロードおよび１０は分配器である。図中同
一部分または相当部分には同一記号を付して示し
てある。
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional microwave radiometer, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a receiving antenna, 2 is a low noise source for temperature calibration, and 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
is the standard noise source, 4 is the comparison noise source, 5 is the receiver,
6, 7, and 8 are switches A, B, and C, respectively; 9 is a dummy load; and 10 is a distributor. Identical or equivalent parts in the figures are indicated with the same symbols.
Claims (1)
と、一定温度T0の雑音を発生する比較雑音と、
温度T1の雑音を発生する温度校正用低雑音源
と、温度T2（T1＜T2）の雑音を発生する標準雑音
源と、上記受信アンテナで受信された雑音アンテ
ナ温度ＴAと上記比較雑音源の温度T0との差に比
例する電圧、上記温度校正用低雑音源の温度T1
と上記比較雑音源の温度T0との差に比例する電
圧、および上記標準雑音源の温度T2と上記比較
雑音源の温度T0との差に比例する電圧を得る受
信機と、上記受信アンテナの受信出力と上記温度
校正用低雑音源あるいは上記標準雑音源の出力と
を切換えるスイツチと、このスイツチと上記受信
機との間に接続され、上記スイツチからの出力と
上記比較雑音源の出力とを切換えて上記受信機に
与えるスイツチとから構成され、人工衛星等の飛
翔体に搭載して使用されるマイクロ板放射計にお
いて、上記比較雑音源と上記温度校正用低雑音源
とを共用し、その雑音源として対射冷却を行うダ
ミーロードを用いるとともに、上記ダミーロード
からの雑音電波を比較雑音源と温度校正用低雑音
源として分配し、それぞれ分配された雑音電波を
上記２つのスイツチを介して上記受信機へ与える
ための分配器を設けたことを特徴とするマイクロ
波放射計。1. A receiving antenna that receives electromagnetic waves from an object, a comparison noise that generates noise at a constant temperature T 0 ,
A low noise source for temperature calibration that generates noise at temperature T 1 , a standard noise source that generates noise at temperature T 2 (T 1 < T 2 ), and noise received by the above receiving antenna at antenna temperature T A and above. A voltage proportional to the difference between the temperature T 0 of the comparison noise source and the temperature T 1 of the low noise source for temperature calibration above.
and the temperature T 0 of the comparison noise source, and a voltage proportional to the difference between the temperature T 2 of the standard noise source and the temperature T 0 of the comparison noise source; A switch is connected between the receiving output of the antenna and the output of the temperature calibration low noise source or the standard noise source, and the switch is connected between the switch and the receiver, and is connected between the output from the switch and the output of the comparison noise source. and a switch that switches between the two and applies the same to the receiver, and in a micro-plate radiometer used onboard a flying object such as an artificial satellite, the comparative noise source and the low noise source for temperature calibration are shared. A dummy load that performs radiation cooling is used as the noise source, and the noise radio waves from the dummy load are distributed as a comparison noise source and a low noise source for temperature calibration, and the distributed noise radio waves are connected to the two switches mentioned above. A microwave radiometer characterized in that it is provided with a distributor for feeding it to the receiver through the microwave radiometer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983279A JPS55101830A (en) | 1979-01-31 | 1979-01-31 | Microwave radiometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983279A JPS55101830A (en) | 1979-01-31 | 1979-01-31 | Microwave radiometer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55101830A JPS55101830A (en) | 1980-08-04 |
| JPS6223261B2 true JPS6223261B2 (en) | 1987-05-22 |
Family
ID=11731094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP983279A Granted JPS55101830A (en) | 1979-01-31 | 1979-01-31 | Microwave radiometer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55101830A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63317369A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-26 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Information file system |
| WO2022225156A1 (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-10-27 | (주)이지템 | Radiometer for microwave receiver and method for measuring temperature of probe thereof |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0005926D0 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2000-05-03 | Univ Glasgow | Microwave radiometry |
-
1979
- 1979-01-31 JP JP983279A patent/JPS55101830A/en active Granted
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63317369A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-26 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Information file system |
| WO2022225156A1 (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-10-27 | (주)이지템 | Radiometer for microwave receiver and method for measuring temperature of probe thereof |
| US12407096B2 (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2025-09-02 | Easytem Co., Ltd. | Radiometer for microwave receiver and method for measuring temperature of probe thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55101830A (en) | 1980-08-04 |
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