JPS6223831B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The main factors related to the accuracy of gunfire are shooting distance, parallax, bullet type, initial velocity of bullet,
In order to improve shooting accuracy due to the movement of the target, it is necessary to correct the direction of the gun barrel, which takes into account the main factors related to hit accuracy.

In recent years, with the remarkable progress of small computers, laser rangefinders, etc., the accuracy of shooting distance has increased using laser rangefinders, and the accuracy of shooting distance, parallax, bullet type, bullet initial velocity, target movement, etc. Attempts have been made to input relevant factors into a computer, calculate the amount of future correction, and correct the direction of the gun barrel.

The aiming glasses, which are a part of the fire control system, were also developed in this way by installing a moving reticle inside the glasses, which serves as a shooting aiming indicator, and moving the reticle by the amount of future correction calculated by the computer. Various devices have been devised to automatically move the gun and easily obtain the sight line of sight that corresponds to direction correction.

In such a case, it is desirable for the aiming operation that the distance-measuring aiming point of the laser distance-measuring system be displayed as a distance-measuring aiming indicator together with the shooting aiming indicator on the reticle within the field of view of the aiming glasses. However, in general, the distance measurement line of sight of a laser rangefinder system is fixed, so when the shooting sight line of sight changes due to the movement of the movable reticle, the shooting sight index and distance measurement sight line will appear within the field of view of the sight glasses. The indicators will be displayed in different places. For this reason, the aiming operation for shooting required a double operation: first, the distance measurement index was used to capture the target, and then the range was measured, and then the firing target was used to capture the target and the gun was fired.

For example, FIG. 1 shows a basic schematic configuration of a conventional device having a laser distance measuring system 20 and a sighting glasses system 10. In Figure 1, the sighting glasses system 1
0 is an objective lens 11, an erecting prism 12, an eyepiece 13, a movable reticle 14, and a fixed reticle 15.
It consists of a laser rangefinder system 20
is a laser transmission system composed of an inverted Galilean beam expander consisting of an objective lens 21 and an eyepiece 22, and a laser light source 23, and an objective lens 21, a perforated mirror 24, a total reflection mirror 25,
The laser receiving system includes a pinhole mask 26, a relay lens 27, and a light receiving sensor 28. Here, the perforated mirror 24 is designed to allow laser light to pass through a hole provided in the mirror during laser transmission, and acts as a total reflection mirror only when receiving laser.

Normally, in such an optical device, in principle, the optical axis 16 of the sighting glasses system 10 and the optical axis 29 of the laser rangefinder system 20 are aligned when the optical device is attached to the gun.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the center of the shooting sighting index 40 and the rangefinder sighting index (laser beam irradiation point for distance measurement) 41 are located within the field of view of the sighting glasses system 10, as shown in FIG. Can be set at the same central position.

By the way, as mentioned above, in order to improve the accuracy of shooting, it is necessary to correct the direction of the gun barrel, and for this purpose, it is necessary to provide a shooting aiming index within the sighting glasses system 10 to serve as a guide. Therefore, normally a shooting sight indicator 40 as shown in FIG.
The reticle engraved with (Figure 1) is a moving reticle, and this moving reticle is moved based on the calculation results that take into account the main factors for increasing the accuracy mentioned above, and the shooting aiming index 40 after the movement is also determined. The direction of the gun barrel is being corrected.

FIG. 3 is a principle diagram illustrating this situation, and shows a sighting glasses system consisting of an objective lens 50, an eyepiece lens 51, and a reticle 52. In the same figure, assuming that the initial sight line of sight coincides with the optical axis 53, once the future correction amount θ (corrected sight line of sight 53') of the sighting glasses is determined according to the gun barrel direction correction book, the objective If the focal length of the lens 50 is f, it is sufficient to move the reticle 52 having the shooting aiming index by f·tanθ=h from point p to point p'. Then, by moving the aiming glasses system so that the moved shooting aiming indicator matches the target (the direction of the gun barrel is corrected at the same time), aiming taking into account the amount of future correction is completed. In order to simplify the explanation, corrections in the plane are shown here, but in general, θ is three-dimensional (including a component in the direction perpendicular to the paper plane in Figure 3), so the shooting aiming index is As shown in Figure 4, the x-axis direction component hx from point p to point p',
It will move by the y-axis direction component hy.

In this way, as shown in Figure 4, after the shooting aiming index moves from point P to point P', the target is captured and shot at point P', but in a laser rangefinder system, the rangefinder line of sight is Since this does not change with respect to the optical axis of the sighting glasses system (it coincides with the gun axis), the indicator 41 of the distance measurement line of sight is at the same position 41 in Fig. 4 as in Fig. 2. . Therefore, the aiming operation for shooting involves first aligning the distance measurement collimation indicator 41 shown in Figure 2 with the target, and then adjusting the sighting indicator 41 shown in Figure 4, which is moved based on distance measurement and other correction factors.
Two operations are required: capturing the target using the shooting aiming index at point p' and shooting. This type of aiming operation is extremely inconvenient not only when the target is stationary, but also when the target is moving and you are attempting to aim while tracking it. In other words, once you have captured the target with the rangefinder system, and then captured the target again with the corrected shooting aiming index, the rangefinder system's line of sight no longer matches the target, and you must continue measuring the distance as is. I can't. Therefore, a drop in accuracy was an unavoidable drawback for targets that moved while changing distance.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention aims to improve the problem that the aiming operation for shooting requires two movements, and by aligning the target with the shooting aiming index, for example, even if the target is moving, , it becomes possible to continue the aiming state in consideration of the amount of future correction while measuring the distance only by the above-mentioned aiming operation. The most direct method is to provide this optical device with a mechanism that moves the entire laser rangefinder system 20 shown in Fig. 1 in the elevation (elevation) and rotation (left and right) directions, and move the movable reticle of the aiming glasses system. All you have to do is move the entire laser rangefinder system in conjunction with the shooting sight line, which changes depending on the situation. In addition, there are various possible mechanisms for optically moving the distance measurement line of sight of a laser distance measurement system.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the optical device of the present invention, and common members in FIG. 1 are given the same numbers. As shown in FIG. 5, optical deflection elements A and B that polarize light in the horizontal direction (X direction) and vertical direction (Y direction) are arranged in front of the objective lens of the laser distance measuring system 20, and a servo system, etc. Accordingly, the amount of deflection of the light beam in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction is changed in accordance with the amount of movement of the movable reticle 14 in the X direction and the Y direction. As the optical deflection elements A and B, so-called D prisms in which two deflection prisms are rotated in opposite directions are suitable. When one deflection prism is rotated as shown in Fig. 6, the light beam passing through it also undergoes a rotational movement as shown by W, but as shown in Fig. 7, two deflection prisms are rotated alternately. When rotated at the same angular velocity in opposite directions, the light ray that passes through it reciprocates within one plane as shown by arrow R. By using two sets of these, the light ray can be divided into an X direction component and a Y direction component (as described above). It can be deflected in two directions (corresponding to the height direction and turning direction).

Further, a reflecting mirror, a prism, etc. can also be used as the optical deflection element for deflecting the distance measurement line of sight of the laser distance measurement system. FIGS. 8 and 9 show a case where a reflecting mirror is used as the optical deflection element.

In place of the optical deflection elements A and B shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 8 shows two reflective mirrors 61, which are installed so that their respective reflective surfaces facing each other are tilted at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis. 62 is the objective lens 21 of the laser telescope system.
It is placed in front of. In this case, as shown in the figure, for example, by rotating the reflecting mirror 61 in the X-axis direction and the reflecting mirror 62 in the Y-axis direction in accordance with the amount of movement of the movable reticle of the aiming glasses system, the laser range finder Reflection mirror 6 of the distance measuring line of sight 63 of the system
1 and 62 can be deflected in the elevation direction and the turning direction.

Further, in an optical deflection element using such a reflecting mirror, the same purpose can be achieved by, for example, fixing the reflecting mirror 62 and rotating the reflecting mirror 61 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, as shown in FIG. . In this way, the optical deflection element is provided in front of the objective lens of the laser rangefinder system, and the optical deflection element is moved in accordance with the amount of movement of the moving reticle of the sighting glasses system. The distance measuring line of sight can be changed in conjunction with the shooting aiming line of sight of the aiming glasses, so it can be used in common with the shooting aiming index provided on the movable reticle of the aiming glasses, and the aiming movement for shooting is reduced to 1.
The operation can be simplified.

In addition, as in these embodiments, in order to angularly displace an optical deflection element such as a deflection prism or a reflection mirror of a laser rangefinder system by directly utilizing the amount of movement of the moving reticle, it is necessary to adjust the linearity of the moving reticle. A servo system is required that has the function of replacing movement with nonlinear angular displacement of the optical deflection element.

In the device of the present invention configured as described above, the direction of the distance measuring line of sight of the laser distance measuring system is controlled so that it moves in line with the shooting aiming index (displaced by the movement of the movable reticle). Therefore, if you match the shooting sight index to the target, the distance measurement line of sight will also capture the target at the same time, and even if the target is moving, you can simply track it with the shooting sight index and make corrections while performing distance measurement at the same time. It is something that can be done with a certain aim.

FIG. 10 shows another embodiment of the optical device of the present invention, in which an objective lens 70, an erecting prism 71, an eyepiece 72, and a moving reticle 73 are shown.
constitutes a sighting glasses system, which includes an objective lens 74,
An inverted Galilean beam expander and a laser 76 using an eyepiece lens 75 form a laser transmission system, an objective lens 74 , a perforated mirror 77 , a total reflection mirror 78 , a pinihole mask 79 , and a relay lens 8
0. As in the case of FIG. 1, the light receiving sensor 81 constitutes a laser receiving system. The laser transmitting system and the laser receiving system constitute a laser rangefinder system, and a total reflection mirror 84 for light deflection is placed in front of the objective lens 74, so that the light beam of the laser rangefinder system is is reflected by the reflective surface 85,
A dichroic mirror 89 that transmits visible light and reflects laser light provided above the objective lens 70 of the sighting glasses system makes the shooting sight line of the sight glasses system and the distance measuring sight line of the laser rangefinder system coaxial. It is structured like this. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the back surface 86 of the total reflection mirror for light deflection provided in front of the objective lens 74 of the laser rangefinder system is also total reflection, and the point light source placed at the focal point of the collimator lens 83 The light from 82 is turned into a parallel beam by a collimator lens 83, is totally reflected by a total reflection surface 86, and is imaged again on a four-split detector 88 by another collimator lens 87. A differential output is obtained from the four-split detector according to the positional shift of the image of the point light source. Using this signal, the servo system 90 changes the inclination angle of the total reflection mirror 84, thereby detecting the point light source 82. The image is always divided into four parts by the detector 8.
It is possible to form an image at the center of 8. If this four-part detector 88 is made to move in correspondence with the movable reticle 73 of the sighting glasses system, even if the movable reticle moves according to the amount of future correction, the shooting sight line and the distance measurement sight line will always be aligned. Since they are coaxial, the shooting aiming index can be used in common with the distance measuring aiming index, so that the shooting aiming operation can be made faster. In this way, a reflecting mirror as a light deflection element is installed in front of the objective lens of the laser rangefinder system, and the reflective surface on one side of the reflecting mirror reflects the light source of the laser rangefinder system, and the light source hits the back surface of the mirror. When a mirror position detection optical system for controlling the position of the reflecting mirror is constructed using a reflecting surface, the focal length of the collimator lens 87 is different from the focal length of the objective lens of the sighting glasses system. Even if you use the value,
This has a great mechanical advantage in that the amount of movement of the four-divided detector 88 corresponding to the moving reticle 73 requires only a simple linear conversion, so it has great practical value.

As described in detail above, according to the optical device of the present invention, the distance measuring line of sight of the distance measuring device is linked with the movement of the shooting aiming index by the reticle, which moves according to the amount of future correction, so that it matches this. Because of this change, it is possible to aim with future correction while constantly measuring the distance. Therefore, even if you are shooting a moving target or an object whose shooting distance is changing moment by moment during the movement process, if you match the shooting aiming index with the target and track it, you can always improve the accuracy. It is capable of high-speed shooting.

Although the gist of the optical device of the present invention has been explained based on several embodiments, it is possible to consider various other modified embodiments within the scope of the idea of the present invention, and the present invention is not merely illustrated. It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the examples.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional device. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a reticle image and distance measuring collimation display seen in a general sighting glasses system. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a sighting glasses system including a moving reticle. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a reticle image and distance measuring collimation display in an aiming glasses system including a moving reticle. Fifth
The figure is a schematic configuration diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 6 and 7 are explanatory diagrams for explaining the action of the light deflection prism. FIGS. 8 and 9 are explanatory diagrams for explaining the action of the light deflection mirror. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. 10... Sighting glasses system, 11... Objective lens, 1
2... Erecting prism, 13... Eyepiece, 14
...Moving reticle, 20... Distance meter system, 23...
Laser light source, 24... Hole mirror, 28... Light receiving sensor, 40... Shooting aiming index, 41... Distance measuring collimation indicator, 50... Objective lens, 51... Eyepiece lens, 61, 62... Reflecting mirror , 70... Objective lens, 71... Erecting prism, 72... Eyepiece, 73... Moving reticle, 76... Laser light source, 77... Perforated mirror, 82... Point light source,
83...Collimator lens, 84...Total reflection mirror, 85, 86...Reflection surface, 87...Collimator lens, 88...4-divided detector, 89...Dichroic mirror, 90...Servo system.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an optical device having a laser rangefinder system and a sighting glasses system, the rangefinding collimation of the laser rangefinder system is adjusted in accordance with the amount of movement of a movable reticle for aiming the sighting glasses system. An optical device characterized in that a mechanism for moving the line is provided so that the distance measuring line of sight of a laser distance measuring system moves in conjunction with the shooting sight line of sight of a sighting glasses system. 2. In the optical device according to claim 1, an optical deflection element provided in the laser distance measurement system is used as a mechanism for moving the distance measurement line of sight of the laser distance measurement system, and the optical deflection element is aimed. An optical device characterized in that a distance measuring line of sight of a laser rangefinder system moves in conjunction with the shooting sight line of sight of a sighting glasses system by moving it in accordance with the amount of movement of a movable reticle for sighting of the eyeglass system. . 3. In the optical device according to claim 2, a reflecting mirror is installed as a light deflection element in front of the objective lens of the laser rangefinder system, and the reflective surface on one side of the reflecting mirror is connected to the laser rangefinder system. A mirror position detection optical system for controlling the position of the reflecting mirror is configured by reflecting the light beam on the back side of the reflection mirror, and a closed loop servo system is configured using this mirror position detection optical system. The optical device is characterized in that by controlling the position of the reflecting mirror, the distance measuring line of sight of the laser distance measuring device system moves in conjunction with the shooting sight line of sight of the sighting glasses system.