JPS6227215B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to building blocks and, more particularly, to an improved self-leveling building block.

The present invention has been made to provide self-leveling building blocks that are easy to install and have strong joints between the blocks. Another object of the invention is to provide a building block useful in the construction of things such as walls that have a uniform and pleasing appearance. Yet another object of the invention is to provide a building block that is easy to manufacture and durable to use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention, having regard to the objects broadly set out above and others, resides in a building block having the following specifications.

(a) a first main contact surface and a second main contact surface forming the top and bottom surfaces of the block; (b) a first end surface and a second end surface; (c) a first side surface and a second side surface; The first contact surface has a pair of parallel ridges adjacent each side of the block, each ridge extending substantially the entire length of the block, and the first contact surface having a first contact surface between the ridges. having a recess, and the first
the recess extends substantially the entire length of the block; (e) the second primary contact surface has a pair of recessed surfaces on each side of the block, the recessed surfaces extending substantially the entire length of the block; and has a convex portion between the pair of concave surfaces, (f) the concave surface and the convex portion, and the convex portion and the concave portion are in a complementary relationship in terms of height and position, so that one block can be placed closer to the other. When placed on top of the block, the protruding portion engages with the recessed surface, creating a close state, so that the side surfaces of the block are flush with each other, and the lateral movement of this block is restrained by the other blocks; (g) the first recess; The protrusions of the ridges that protrude more than the recessed surfaces are at least 0.3 cm larger than the protrusions of the protrusions that protrude more than the recessed surfaces, thereby increasing the height of the horizontal space for the bonding agent between the connected rows of blocks. (h) the first end face has a pair of protruding vertical edges, which a second recess extending substantially the entire height of the block adjacent each edge of the block and extending between the pair of edges; the second recess extending substantially the entire height of the block; The end faces create a vertical space for the insertion of adhesive of the same height as the total height of the block, said vertical space has a thickness of at least 0.3 cm, and its edge is connected to said edge and the second part of the other block. Because of the close contact with the end faces, when the blocks are assembled into a wall, a free-flowing joint is applied from one of the vertical spaces to fill the vertical and horizontal spaces between the blocks of the wall with adhesive. agent can be injected.

The present invention will be explained based on the drawings. First of all
To explain from the figure to FIG. 3, the building block 10 has an upper main contact surface 12, a lower main contact surface 14,
It has side surfaces 16 and 18 and end surfaces 20 and 22. All of these surfaces are substantially rectangular, except for the interlocking portions described below.

The top surface 12 has a pair of mating ridges 24, one on each side of the block, extending longitudinally the length of the block. The ridges 24 are triangular in cross-section and have flat recesses 26 between them.

The lower surface 14 has a pair of recessed surfaces 28, one on each side of the block, which also extend the length of the block. A convex portion or protrusion 3 between the recessed surfaces 28
0, which has a flat lower surface 32 and a side surface 33 sloped at the same angle as the internal angle of the ridge 24.

As shown in FIG.
There is a complementary relationship with When one block 10 is placed over the other block, the raised portion 24 of the lower block engages the recessed surface 28 of the upper block. The side surface 33 of the convex portion 30 is the inner surface 3 of the raised portion 24.
4 and a flat recessed surface 28 rests on the top of the ridge 24 . For this reason, each side of the block is flush with the other block, so that even if one block tries to move laterally, it cannot move.

In addition, the best mode is shown in FIG.
The protrusion height d1 of the convex portion 30 that protrudes more than the recessed surface 28 is the same as that of the protrusion 2 that protrudes more than the concave portion 26.
It can be seen that the protrusion height d2 is shorter than the protrusion height d2 of No. 4. Therefore, spaces 36 are formed between the blocks. This space 36 serves to prevent surface irregularities in the assembled blocks due to small amounts of particles when stacking the blocks. For this purpose, the width d3 of the space 36 is typically very wide, at least 40% of the block width. Also, since the space 36 serves to contain mortar for joining the blocks together, the depth of the space 36 should be at least 0.3 cm for this purpose. Preferably the depth of space 36 is at least
0.5cm, usually 0.8cm or more.

Hollow 38 created when this block is assembled
are visible along their sides where the blocks are joined. This depression 38 is caused by the slanted outer surface of the raised portion 24, which slants away from the flat recessed surface 28. The recesses 38 are clearly visible between the rows of each block and provide decorative recessed bands. Mortar or a joint compound can be placed in the depression 38 if necessary.

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the end surface 2
0 can be flat, and the other end face 22 can be recessed, as shown at 40, to provide space for mortar between the end faces of the block when the ends are joined together.

Next, FIGS. 4 to 6 will be explained. There are shown blocks similar to those shown in FIGS. 1-3. In FIGS. 4 to 6, primed reference numerals are shown in portions corresponding to the reference numerals in FIGS. 1 to 3. The difference between block 10' of FIGS. 4 to 6 and block 10 of FIGS. 1 to 3 is as follows. First, the recess 26' is more deeply recessed so that the inner surface 34a' of the ridge 24' is longer than the outer surface 34b of the ridge. Angle “a”
and angle "b" remains unchanged at 45 degrees (as in block 10). Therefore, the mortar space 36' becomes deeper. The outer surface 34b' of the raised portion 24' is not deep, since the recess 38' does not need to be very deep (typical dimensions only need to be small).

Second, a flat elongated surface 42 is provided at the top of each ridge 24'. Although this flat elongated surface 42 is narrow, it eliminates the possibility of breaking and chipping the top of the ridge 24'.

Third, the end surfaces 20', 22' have a new shape that is identical to the top surface 12' and bottom surface 14'. The end face 22' has a pair of vertical ridges 44 on either side thereof.
The inner surface 46a thereof is inclined. The ridges 44 are exactly the same as the ridges 34' except that their outer surfaces 46b are not fully sloped like surface 34b', but instead have only bevels 48 on their edges. There is a concave surface 49 between the raised portions 44.
There is. The end face 20' has a pair of vertically recessed surfaces 50, one on each side thereof, with a protrusion 52 between the recessed surfaces. The end face 20 is numbered 54
It is exactly the same as the lower surface 14 except that its side edges, indicated by , are sloped. As shown in FIG. 5, when two blocks 10' are installed with their end faces joined, two bevels 48, 54 are formed.
The width of the connection is equal to the depth of the recess 38'.

This creates a depression of uniform width (when viewed from the side of the block) around each block in a wall made of these blocks. Also, end surface 2
0' and 22' create a space 56 for mortar between them. This space 56 has the same cross-sectional dimensions as space 36'. The end surface 20' is in a complementary relationship with the upper surface 12', and the end surface 22' is in a complementary relationship with the lower surface 14', so that while maintaining the interlocking state of the blocks, the end surface can be attached to the upper surface or the lower surface in a complementary relationship. You will find that it can be installed.

A final difference between block 10 and block 10' is that protrusion 30' from lower surface 14' is bisected by a transverse valley 58 across it.
This valley 58 has sides 60 that slope outwardly and downwardly, similar to the sides of portion 30'. Therefore, one block can be placed on top of the other block in a cross shape, and is unique in that they are in an interlocking state. lower 30'
The two parts of are each identical and each part has a vertical axis of symmetry 61 in its centre. A slightly curved wall can be created by making the two parts of the lower part 30' circular as shown by the dotted lines.

Typical dimensions for the blocks of FIGS. 4-6 are as follows.

d1' 0.7cm d2' 1.5cm d2a' 1.0cm d3a 6.1cm d4 0.8cm d5 11.1cm d6 22.2cm d7 6.6cm d8 0.8cm d9 0.8cm Of course, you can change these dimensions, but as mentioned above Features (space for mortar 3
6' and 56' should be at least 0.3 cm thick and as wide as possible. Moreover, the space at the support point when one block is installed on top of the other block is also widened. ) must be left as is. In addition, although it is preferable that the angle b is sufficiently inclined, it can be changed, and if necessary, the angle b and the angle b1 can be different (for example, the angle b1 can be smaller than the angle b). ).

A corner block 62 for use with block 10' is shown in FIGS. 7-9. This corner block 62 is similar to block 10' with the following exceptions. One side raised portion 24a″ and one recessed surface 28
a'' extends with one end face 20'' of the block. The side surface 20'' between the raised portion 24a'' and the recessed surface 28a'' is flat. Additionally, an abutment surface 64 is formed on the opposite side surface 18'' of the block. This receiving surface 64 is identical to the end surface 22' of the block 10' and has a pair of raised portions 44'' and a recessed surface 49'' therebetween. Therefore, this receiving surface 64 is connected to the end surface 2 of the block 10'.
0', and the block 10' can be installed with its end surface 20' engaged with the receiving surface 64.

In addition, the corner block 62 includes a rightward block (the receiving surface 64 is open to the right when viewed toward the flat end surface 20'') as shown in FIG. 10, and a leftward corner block 66. This corner block 66 is the same as the corner block 62 except that the receiving surface 68 is open to the left when viewed toward the flat end surface of the block 66.

If necessary, the corner block may be provided with a receiving surface 68 such that, for example, instead of the recessed surface 49'', a protrusion identical to the protrusion 52 protrudes from the side surface 18''.
It can be made to be exactly the same as the end face 20'. However, this is not preferred for manufacturing, transportation and storage purposes.

To use this corner block, the right corner block 62 and the right corner block 66 are stacked alternately as shown in FIG.
0' is placed in contact with the end face of each corner block. The wall thus created is shown at 70 in FIG.

Walls such as wall 70 can be constructed by joining the blocks together with mortar as they are installed. Since the space 36 or 36' is large, if it is necessary to adjust the height of the wall at the bottom of the window sill, for example, this can be done by adding thick mortar to this space 36, 36' and slightly lifting the upper block. be able to. The spaces 36, 36' are sufficiently wide to accommodate enough mortar to support the weight of the upper block.

Alternatively to the method described above, a substantial portion of the wall is assembled (the blocks are held together by interlocking) and then a low viscosity mortar is applied to the space 56 created between the end faces of the two blocks in the wall. It can also be injected into one of the All vertical spaces 56 and horizontal spaces 3 as shown in the cross-sectional view of the wall in FIG.
6' are mutually connected. Tests in which a thin mortar mixture 72 was poured into one vertical space 56 revealed that most of the horizontal spaces 36' of the wall and the remaining vertical spaces 56 were filled with the mortar mix. At this time, if the material is injected under pressure, the filling range can be further expanded. In this way, most of the walls can be assembled without using mortar, and then joined with mortar using simple operations. If the end faces between the blocks are properly installed, mortar will not leak. This is because the raised portion 24 engages with the lower surface of the next block, and the spaces 36, 36'
This is because the block is sealed at its end faces, and the space 56 between the end faces of the block is also sealed. If mortar is not used, the wall becomes a self-draining wall, as water that enters the wall flows out through the interconnected spaces.

Furthermore, another aspect of the block of the present invention is described in the thirteenth section.
14 and 15. In FIG. 13, the recesses between the protrusions 102 are curved, and the side surfaces of the protrusions 104 on the lower surface of the block are similarly curved. In FIG. 14, the slope 105 for forming an edge depression is located at the edge of the recessed surface rather than at the edge of the ridge 108. In FIG. 15, the inner surface angle c of the raised portion 110 is steeply sloped to increase the width of the space 112 between the blocks.

A corner block 120 similar to that shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 is shown in FIGS. 16 and 17. The difference between these blocks is corner block 120
The only difference is that the beveled surface 122 (which forms a visual lateral recess between adjacent rows of blocks) is on the main contact surface with the ridge 124 rather than on the opposite main contact surface 126. .

A pillar block 130 according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. 18, 19 and 20. This pillar block 1
Block 30 is similar to block 10', but the blocks are stacked in pairs around column 132 to form a column, as shown in FIG. The post block 130 has one simply flat side 134 with a semi-circular opening 136 in the side 134 for fitting the post 132. The upper main contact surface 138 of block 130 has ridges 140 along the remaining three edges (which are the same as ridges 24' on block 10') with recessed surfaces 142 between the ridges. . Block 13
The lower main contact surface 144 of the 0 has a recessed surface 146 along all sides thereof;
46 has a protrusion 148. The interlocking portions of the pillar blocks are exactly the same as the interlocking portions of the block 10' described above, and when assembled, a square block with the pillar 132 at the center is obtained.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a pair of blocks separated vertically, Figure 2 is a plan view of one of the blocks illustrated in Figure 1, and Figure 3 is a diagram showing one block placed on top of the other. An end view of a pair of blocks in an assembled state, Figure 4 is a perspective view of a modified version of the block in Figure 1, and Figure 5 is a diagram of two blocks shown in Figure 4 with their end faces touching. 6 is an end view of the pair of blocks in FIG. 4 with one block assembled on top of the other block, FIG. 7 is a top perspective view of the corner block of the present invention, and FIG. The figure is a bottom perspective view of the corner block in FIG. 7, FIG. 9 is a top view of the corner block in FIG.
Figure 0 is a top view of the left corner block of the present invention, the first
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a corner of a wall made using the block of the present invention, Figure 12 is a side sectional view of a wall made using the block of the present invention, and Figure 13 is a diagram of two modified blocks of the present invention. End view showing one block assembled on top of the other using the 14th block.
The figure shows a further modified version of the block of the present invention.
FIG. 15 is an end view showing one block assembled on top of the other block. FIGS. 16 and 17 are perspective views of the modified corner block, FIGS. 18 and 19 are perspective views of the column block according to the present invention, and FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the column block according to the present invention.
19 and the top view of the column block in FIG.
FIG. 1 is an end view showing the assembled pillar blocks of FIGS. 18 to 20. 10... Architectural block, 12... Upper main contact surface, 14... Lower main contact surface, 16, 18... Side surface, 20, 22... End surface, 24... Protrusion, 26
...Concavity, 28...Concave surface, 30...Protrusion, 3
2...Bottom surface, 33...Slanted side surface.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Upper surface 12', lower surface 14', first end surface 22'
and a second end surface 20', and a first side surface 16' and a second side surface 18', the upper surface 12' having a pair of parallel ridges adjacent to each side of the block. 24', each ridge 24' extending substantially the entire length of the block, the top surface 12' having a first recess 26' between the ridges 24', and the first recess 26' having a Extending substantially the entire length of the block, each said ridge 24' is substantially triangular in cross-section and has an outer surface 34b' which slopes steeply towards the adjacent side surfaces 16', 18' and said lower surface 14'. and is adapted to form an edge recess 38' extending between adjacent blocks along each joining side thereof when this block is placed on top of another block, each of said raised portions 24' being located at the top of the block. a flat elongated surface 42 located at;
It has an inner surface 34a' that slopes steeply inward in the lateral direction toward the first recess 26', and the lower surface 1
4' has a pair of elongated flat recessed surfaces 28' on each side of the block, the recessed surfaces 28' extending substantially the entire length of the block, and the lower surface 14' having a pair of elongated flat recessed surfaces 28' between the recessed surfaces 28'. The first protrusion 30' has a side surface 33' that slopes laterally outwardly to reach the recessed surface 28', and the recessed surface 28' is It is located vertically below the elongated surface 42 so as to be aligned with the elongated surface 42 in the vertical direction, and the recessed surface 28' and the raised portion 2
4', the protrusion 30' and the recess 26' have a complementary relationship in terms of height and position, so that when another block is installed on top of this block, the inner surface 34a' of the protrusion 24' will overlap the protrusion. The side surfaces 16' and 18' of these blocks are flush with each other by overlapping the side surface 33' of the block 30', and the lateral movement of one block relative to the other block is restrained, and the recessed surface 28' of the upper block is is resting closely on the elongated surface 42 of the top of the lower block, thereby supporting the weight of the upper block, and protrudes beyond the first recess 26'. The protrusions of the raised portions 24' are at least 0.3 cm larger than the protrusions of the first protrusions 30' which protrude beyond the recessed surfaces 28', so that the joints existing between connected rows of blocks are The height of the horizontal space 36' for the agent is at least 0.3 cm, the width of the space 36' is at least 40% of the width of the block, and the first end face 22' has a pair of There is a protruding vertical edge 44 extending substantially the entire height of the block adjacent each edge of the block and extending over substantially the entire height of the block.
A second recess 49 is located between the blocks 4 and 4, and the second recess 49 extends over almost the entire height of the block and extends over the second end surface 2.
0' includes a pair of flat end surfaces 50 adjacent each side of the block and extending substantially the entire height of the block, and a central portion 52 located between the end surfaces 50.
The flat end surface 50 and the vertical edge 44 and the second recess 49 and the central portion 52 are in a complementary relationship so that the first end surfaces 22' of the two adjacent blocks and the second end surface 20' are connected to each other so that the flat end surface 50 of one block and the vertical edge of the other block can be superimposed in close contact; In a state where the end faces are connected to each other, the second recess 49 of one block and the center portion 52 of the other block are connected to the adjacent first end face 22'.
and the second end surface 20' to form a vertical space 56 for receiving the adhesive, the height of which is equal to the total height of the block, and the vertical space 56 has a thickness of at least 0.3 cm. and its edge is in close contact with the edge 44 and the second end surface 20' of another block, so when the block is assembled into a wall, the vertical space 5 created between the blocks of the wall.
A building block characterized in that a free-flowing adhesive can be injected from one of the vertical spaces 56 to fill the horizontal spaces 36' and 8 with adhesive. 2. The vertical edge 44 and the flat end surface 50 all have sloped edges 54 which create a V-shape between the two blocks when they are connected at their end faces. The building block according to claim 1, characterized in that it is adapted to form a notch. 3. The first protrusion 30' has a transverse valley 58 that bisects the protrusion 30' into two identical parts, each having a vertical axis of symmetry 61 at the center. Architectural blocks according to item 1 or 2 of the scope of the invention. 4 In a wall 70 made up of a plurality of building blocks 10' and a bonding agent 72, the building blocks 10'
is a building block having an upper surface 12' and a lower surface 14', a first end surface 22' and a second end surface 20', and a first side surface 16' and a second side surface 18'; There is a pair of parallel ridges 24' adjacent to each side of the block, each ridge 24' extending substantially the entire length of the block, the upper surface 12' having a first recess between the ridges 24'. 26', and the first recess 26' extends substantially the entire length of the block, and each raised portion 24' is substantially triangular in cross-section, with the first recess 26' extending substantially the entire length of the block, such that each raised portion 24' is substantially triangular in cross-section, and the first recess 26' extends substantially the entire length of the block. and an outer surface 34b' that slopes steeply toward said lower surface 14', forming an edge recess 38' extending between adjacent blocks along each joining side thereof when this block is placed on top of another block. Each raised portion 24' has a flat elongated surface 42 located at the top thereof;
It has an inner surface 34a' that slopes steeply inward in the lateral direction toward the first recess 26', and the lower surface 1
4' has a pair of elongated flat recessed surfaces 28' on each side of the block, the recessed surfaces 28' extending substantially the entire length of the block, and the lower surface 14' having a pair of elongated flat recessed surfaces 28' between the recessed surfaces 28'. The first protrusion 30' has a side surface 33' that slopes laterally outwardly to reach the recessed surface 28', and the recessed surface 28' is It is located vertically below the elongated surface 42 so as to be aligned with the elongated surface 42 in the vertical direction, and the recessed surface 28' and the raised portion 2
4', the protrusion 30' and the recess 26' have a complementary relationship in terms of height and position, so that when another block is installed on top of this block, the inner surface 34a' of the protrusion 24' will overlap the protrusion. The side surfaces 16' and 18' of these blocks are flush with each other by overlapping the side surface 33' of the block 30', and the lateral movement of one block relative to the other block is restrained, and the recessed surface 28' of the upper block is is resting closely on the elongated surface 42 of the top of the lower block, thereby supporting the weight of the upper block, and protrudes beyond the first recess 26'. The protrusions of the raised portions 24' are at least 0.3 cm larger than the protrusions of the first protrusions 30' which protrude beyond the recessed surfaces 28', so that the joints existing between connected rows of blocks are The height of the horizontal space 36' for the agent is at least 0.3 cm, the width of the space 36' is at least 40% of the width of the block, and the first end face 22' has a pair of There is a protruding vertical edge 44 extending substantially the entire height of the block adjacent each edge of the block and extending over substantially the entire height of the block.
A second recess 49 is located between the blocks 4 and 4, and the second recess 49 extends over almost the entire height of the block and extends over the second end surface 2.
0' includes a pair of flat end surfaces 50 adjacent each side of the block and extending substantially the entire height of the block, and a central portion 52 located between the end surfaces 50.
The flat end surface 50 and the vertical edge 44 and the second recess 49 and the central portion 52 are in a complementary relationship so that the first end surfaces 22' of the two adjacent blocks and the second end surface 20' are connected to each other so that the flat end surface 50 of one block and the vertical edge of the other block can be superimposed in close contact; In a state where the end faces are connected to each other, the second recess 49 of one block and the center portion 52 of the other block are connected to the adjacent first end face 22'.
and the second end surface 20' to form a vertical space 56 for receiving the adhesive, the height of which is equal to the total height of the block, and the vertical space 56 has a thickness of at least 0.3 cm. and its edge is in close contact with the edge 44 and the second end surface 20' of another block, so when the block is assembled into a wall, the vertical space 5 created between the blocks of the wall.
8 and horizontal spaces 36' with a free-flowing binder from one of said vertical spaces 56, said binder 72 being in a fluid state. from at least one of said vertical spaces 56 and flows from said vertical space 56 to said horizontal space 36', filling all vertical spaces 56 and horizontal spaces 36'. .