JPS6228391B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention comprises a tube for conducting a first fluid disposed within a closed cylindrical container, an outer space around said tube receiving a second fluid. The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for two fluids, such that all inlet and outlet conduits are arranged in the lid of the container, and a method of manufacturing such a heat exchanger.

However, heat exchangers of the above-described construction of the prior art cannot be dosed with fluids except under restricted conditions when high-pressure and high-temperature fluids are designed to exchange heat with each other. Under such conditions of use, the heat exchanger described above presents significant problems. First, operating temperatures on the order of 900-1300 K require the incorporation of high-grade special alloys, which are expensive due to their alloy composition and quickly lose strength in this temperature range. On the other hand, if the fluid is also brought to a high pressure state, the wall thickness of the part subjected to the high pressure must be increased, which further increases costs. Furthermore, as the dimensions of the heat exchanger increase, the load carrying capacity of the heat exchanger can easily become so large that it cannot be calculated using standard data tables, and the materials are not readily available.
Also, the heat exchanger has an unmanageable weight.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger that can be used at high operating temperatures and pressures and that can be manufactured at low cost.

The above object is achieved by a feature of the invention, in which the tube is directed from the lid through the vicinity of the container wall to the bottom of the container;
thence opening into a collection tube which is arranged along the axis of the container and more internally than the outer tube section back toward the lid, with both ends of the tube leading outwardly through the lid of the container; The outer and inner portions of the are separated from each other by a jacket, which jacket is disposed concentrically around the inner collection tube on its upper side and has a second tube for passing a second fluid through the lid. further tubes are respectively arranged concentrically and tightly coupled to the tube and forming an annular space around the outer collection tube for the first fluid and/or around the second tube; these tubes are connected to an annular subspace between the jacket and the container wall,
The solution here is that the further tubes arranged around the outer collecting tube for the first fluid are constructed as flow conduits for the second fluid.

The interior space of the vessel housing of the heat exchanger according to the invention is defined by a cylindrical jacket with an inner subspace having a circular cross section and an inner subspace arranged around this inner subspace between the jacket and the vessel housing wall. It is divided into an outer annular subspace that extends to . These two subspaces are connected to each other only in the vicinity of the container bottom. In the vicinity of the lid, the jacket is closely connected with a tube which is led centrally out of the container through the lid and is configured as a flow conduit for the second fluid. . A tube for the first fluid is arranged along the subspace. The tube section in the inner subspace opens into a collection tube arranged inside the tube connected to the jacket, and the outer tube section opens into a number of collection tubes located above the outer subspace, with the collection The tube serves for the introduction and discharge of the first fluid.
Around the central inlet pipe for the second fluid and around the outer collecting pipe for the first fluid, further pipes are arranged which form an annular space and are connected to the lid. The annular space between the collecting pipe and the further pipe is connected to the outer part, and the further pipe arranged around the outer collecting pipe is formed as a flow conduit for the second fluid. ing. The fluid is introduced into the heat exchanger such that the hot end of the heat exchanger is near the axis of the heat exchanger and the cold end is outside the axis. As a result, the entire cylindrical wall of the heat exchanger vessel, the bottom, the outer flow conduits and collection tubes and the outer part of the lid are on the cold side in the heat exchanger according to the invention. The only components of the heat exchanger that are exposed to high temperatures are a central collection tube for the first fluid, a flow conduit for the second fluid connected to the jacket, and a flow conduit arranged around this flow conduit, the lower end being A further tube is connected to the cold side of the lid, so that only the upper part reaches the critical temperature. All high temperature and therefore critical components are made to have a small diameter in the heat exchanger according to the invention.

Due to the inventive construction of the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is not exposed to high temperatures in its entirety, but only in parts with a simple geometry that can be made small even in the design of large heat exchangers. This has the advantage of not being exposed to high temperatures. Therefore, the heat exchanger according to the invention can also be exposed to high temperatures and pressures and can be made large.
The failure points that occur in the critical range in the course of stress development are small and the stress occurring in these areas can be determined by standard calculations.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the object of the invention, a further tube arranged around the second tube is provided with a cooling coil or cooling winding. This further tube has at its upper end substantially the temperature of the higher of both fluids, and the further tube is connected to a flow conduit for this fluid, and this further tube has The lower end is attached to the heat exchanger lid and here has the temperature of the colder fluid. Although there is no fluid flow within the annular space between the second tube and a further tube disposed around the second tube, some portion of the heat within the second tube is transferred to the further tube. is transmitted to the tube. The cooling winding part serves to cool down the amount of heat, but this amount of heat is 1
On the one hand, heat is transferred from the second tube to further tubes by induction, and on the other hand, by radiation and convection.

According to yet another configuration of the heat exchanger according to the invention,
A reinforcing plate is arranged that is fixed at a distance to the lid of the heat exchanger vessel. This reinforcing plate can be installed either inside or outside the heat exchanger vessel. If the lid of the heat exchanger is flat, it is recommended to use a flat reinforcing plate, but if the lid is curved, the reinforcing plate may be flat or curved. The connection between the lid and the reinforcing plate can be made via said further tube and/or the side wall of the container or via some tension locking device. The reinforcing plate absorbs a portion of the pressure effects to which the lid is subjected.
The wall thickness of the lid can be reduced if the pressure reception method remains the same. The advantage of this is that material costs are low.

In a preferred embodiment of the subject of the invention, the inner tube section is provided with a sealing shell connected to the jacket. This sealing shell has the purpose of sealing the space between the tube and the jacket to prevent backflow of the tube by fluid introduced into the outer space of the tube and a consequent deterioration of the heat transfer. Depending on the purpose, thermal insulation is provided between the jacket and the sealing shell.

In a further preferred embodiment of the subject of the invention, the outer tube section is provided with a sealing shell;
This sealing shell is bonded to the inside of the wall of the container. This likewise prevents backflow through the tube.
In order to reduce the temperature of the container wall, it is proposed as a further alternative to fill the intermediate space between the sealing shell and the container wall.

As a further advantageous development of the idea of the invention, it is proposed to fill the container at least partially with a filler. This packing protects the heat exchanger from impurities, such as dirt or soot, introduced by the fluid conducted into the outer space of the tubes.

When an exothermic reaction takes place in a heat exchanger,
It is suitable for this purpose that according to an advantageous embodiment of the object of the invention the packing is made to contain a catalytic material.

In order to be able to remove impurities that have accumulated inside the jacket between the inner and outer tube sections, and to make the tube turns accessible for inspection purposes and to replace the filling, a A heat exchanger according to the invention in which no further tubes are arranged around the outer collecting tube for one fluid is combined with a lid around further tubes arranged around the second tube. A cylinder is disposed, the cylinder having at least the diameter of the inner tube section, a flow conduit for the second fluid is provided, and a collection tube connected to the outer tube section is connected to the cylinder. Conveniently, it is conducted outwardly through the.
The suspension of the outer tube section can be carried out both against the cylinder and also against the upper end of the outer tube section.

Furthermore, because the other tubes have the same diameter as the jacket, the entire inner winding of the heat exchanger can be pulled out of the jacket without damaging the heat exchanger lid. Furthermore, the filling in the space between the jacket and the wall of the container can be replaced when the inner winding is pulled out.

The heat exchangers described above have been shown to be limited in terms of input fluid capacity. This is because, on the one hand, the size of the heat exchanger determines the extent of the amount of fluid to be heat exchanged, and on the other hand, the number of fluids utilized depends, among other things, on the tubes outside the heat exchanger. The relatively poor accessibility of the parts limits purification purposes to "clean" fluids, ie, fluids that do not leave residue within the heat exchanger. For this reason, in a further embodiment suitable for the object of the invention, a closable opening is provided in the bottom of the heat exchanger vessel.

This bottom opening makes it possible to establish a connection between the space of the heat exchanger jacket and the outside space.
Since the bottom of the vessel is at a significantly lower temperature than the hot end of the heat exchanger and there are no critical structural parts in this sense, providing an opening in this area meets safety requirements. .

This aperture satisfies two functions, both of which have been shown to be advantageous. First, it is transferred from the fluid being cooled to the heat exchanger, where it is precipitated or
Alternatively, impurities generated in the heat exchanger by chemical reactions can be removed from the heat exchanger through the bottom opening. Secondly, the apertures according to the invention can be used to introduce cold fluid or to discharge cooled fluid. During this operation, the inlet or outlet opening of the heat exchanger lid is closed. The fluid flow path on the jacket side is thus shortened by half, allowing partial loading of the heat exchanger.

In order to enable the best possible heat transfer on the tube side, according to a further advantageous embodiment of the object of the invention, a cooling winding is connected between the wall of the vessel and the outer tube section in parallel to the outer tube section. A winding is provided in which the collection tube for the outer tube section is connected via a closable short-circuit conduit to the collection tube of the inner tube section, the cooling winding and the inlet conduit for the outer tube section being interconnected. It is said that it can be closed regardless of the situation. Depending on the switching position of the check valve, the inner and outer tube sections are made to flow in the same or opposite directions, so that the direction of flow in the outer tube section is adapted to the operating conditions in each case. It can be adapted.

In a modification of the object of the invention, a plate provided with gas flow openings is advantageously mounted at a distance from the bottom of the container and across the cross section of the container.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the subject of the invention, the inlet conduit for the cooling winding is also led out of the container through the cylinder.

According to a preferred modification of the object of the invention, a filter is provided in the inflow and/or outflow area of the second fluid inside the container, in order to purify the fluid containing impurities. Since, according to the invention, the filter is located within the heat exchanger, fluids containing dust, soot or similar impurities can also be utilized without the need for external high temperature, high pressure structural parts.

In order to remove deposits from the outer pipe windings when using fluid containing impurities on the jacket side,
According to a further embodiment of the object of the invention, the jacket is configured as a housing. After withdrawing the inner tube turn, the deposits can be scraped off through the opening in the housing.

A sealing shell is provided inside the jacket formed as a housing and/or outside the cooling winding for sealing the jacket and preventing backflow of the tube winding. A stopper shell is connected to the envelope or to the wall of the container.

The heat exchanger according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as a reactor in methane synthesis. In this case, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are introduced into the heat exchanger on the jacket side, where they are converted into methane in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst according to the formula CO + 3H ₂ → CH ₄ + H ₂ O + 49.3 Kcal/Mol CO. The reaction is strongly exothermic.

For the production of a heat exchanger according to the invention with wound inner and outer tube sections, a second tube section having an inner diameter larger than the diameter of the outer winding of the inner tube section is prepared in separate working steps. The core tube is wound, then both wound sections are moved into and out of each other, the tube sections are connected to each other, and finally both sections are fitted into the housing. Therefore, a method of enclosing the information is proposed.

In the past, it was common to wind a wound heat exchanger onto a core tube in one working step. In the case of heat exchangers weighing approximately 70 to 120 tons, such a method reaches its manufacturing technical limits. The core tube to which the windings are attached is rotatably supported at both ends during manufacture. When the heat exchanger reaches a weight of 70 to 120 tons, the core tube will buckle in the middle. As an auxiliary measure to prevent this from occurring, it is possible to increase the diameter of the core tube, but this also increases the loss volume of the heat exchanger. With the manufacturing method proposed by the invention, the core tube is likewise provided with windings to the maximum possible extent. However, since the outer part of the winding is wound onto a separate core tube, this part also
It can be designed up to a weight of 120t (in practice even higher weights are possible since the outer core tube has a larger diameter and is therefore more stable). . If both parts are made at the same time, the time required to construct the heat exchanger is reduced by about half. It has proven advantageous for the heat exchanger according to the invention to be constructed from a number of parts during transport to the construction site. This is because the limit of mobility by conventional means of transport is approximately 150 tons. The individual parts of the heat exchanger manufactured by the method of the invention are clearly below the above-mentioned limits and are therefore easily movable. However, heat exchangers weighing well over 150 tons can be assembled from many parts at the construction site.

the first fluid is comprised of a number of different components;
It is obviously possible for these components to flow through the tubes separately from each other.

Further details according to the invention will be explained below by means of exemplary embodiments shown diagrammatically in the drawings.

In the example of carbon gasification using a pressure water reactor,
The principle of the heat exchanger according to the invention is illustrated. In the heat exchanger the heat of the reactant gas is transferred to the steam produced in the core reactor. The in-process or operating pressure is approximately 60 bar on both sides and the in-process or operating temperature is 900-1250 K on the hot side. In this case, if the temperature and pressure are increasing on the vapor side of the reactor, the efficiency of the entire system increases. The steam in the reactor is at a temperature of, for example, 500 to 600K.

The heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 consists of a cylindrical container 1 with a vertical main axis, which is closed on the upper side by a lid 2. The heat exchanger according to FIG. A cylindrical jacket 3 is arranged in the interior of the container around the axis of the container, which jacket divides the interior of the container into a circular inner subspace 4 and an annular outer subspace 5 . The two subspaces 4, 5 are connected to each other at the lower end of the jacket.
Through the subspaces 4, 5 tube sections 6a, 6b are arranged which extend from the lid 2 along the outer wall of the container in the direction of the bottom and from there towards the axis of the container inwardly of the jacket 3. It is arranged so that it is returned in the opposite direction toward the lid 2 at the point. Depending on the purpose, these tubes are assembled into tube bundles and are wound around the jacket 3 in the outer subspace 5 and around the core tube 21 in the inner subspace 4. Such a wound heat exchanger allows maximum heat exchange for a given size and given weight due to good heat transfer and large heating area density. The type of winding is adapted to the requirements. As can be seen, the tube can be guided substantially straight through the subspaces 4, 5 or both subspaces 4, 5.
It is also possible to combine a winding section and a straight section within. Are these tubes made from one piece?
or it can be bent out of the subspace 5 and led into the subspace 4 as indicated by 7, but without connecting two separate tube sections 6a and 6b to each other as indicated by 8. It is also possible to co-lead them through the bottom of the tube. In this case code 7
The connection at or 8 serves to balance out the stresses caused by temperature differences within the tube sections 6a and 6b. At the upper end, the outer tube section 6a has a collection tube 9,
Opens at 9'. The number of collection tubes is adapted to the operating requirements. The inner tube section 6b opens into a collection tube 10 located in the center of the container. Central collection pipe 10
forms an annular space and is surrounded by a coaxial second tube 11, which is designed as an introduction conduit for the hot reaction gas and is tightly connected to the jacket 3 on the lower side. . The subspaces 4 and 5 are thereby separated from each other in the vicinity of the lid. Further tubes 12, 12' are arranged coaxially around the collecting tubes 9 and 9', and these tubes 12, 12' are configured as exhaust conduits for the cooled reaction gas and are tightly capped at the bottom. It is connected to 2. A second tube 11 arranged around the central collecting tube 10 is surrounded by further tubes 13 and forms an annular space around it, which is connected to the partial space 5 . In the example described herein, the reactor vapors are at 14, 14' at 500
It is introduced into the collection pipes 9, 9' at 15 to 600K, and the central collection pipe 10 is introduced at about 850 to 1200K at 15.
is discharged from. A high temperature reaction gas of about 900 to 1250 K is introduced into the central second flow tube 11 at 16, cooled by heat exchange with the reactor steam, and heated to about 550 to 700 K at 17 and 17'. Leaves the heat exchanger at . It is also possible to introduce fluids different from those described above, with the hot fluid passing through the collection tube 6 and the cold fluid passing through the flow conduits 12, 12'.
It is important that the hot end of the heat exchanger is on the inside close to the vessel axis.

In this example, it is significant that no reaction gas is introduced into the tube. This is because the soot and dust contained in the reaction gas cause undesirable corrosion on the inner wall of the rigid tube. Furthermore, a cooling winding 18 is provided around the other tube 13, which is heated by a third fluid (as at 19).
or by the cooler fluid (as at 20) of both fluids being heat exchanged. Inner and outer tube sections 6 of the tubes of the heat exchanger
a, 6b are surrounded by sealing shells 22a, 22b. These sealing shells each tightly surround the outer layer of the tube and are fixed at their edges to the jacket 3 or to the wall of the container. These sealing shells prevent backflow of reactant gases through the tubes. Outer sealing shell 22b
A thermal insulator can be inserted between the container and the walls of the container, but is not shown. This thermal insulation can be spread across the container wall. A thermal insulator can also be provided between the jacket 3 and the sealing shell 22a if necessary. In order to understand the working mode of a heat exchanger, it will be explained which structural parts are subjected to critical temperatures and pressures. Inside the container 1, there are approximately 60
Bar pressure is occurring. Introductory conduit 9, 9',
11, the discharge conduits 10, 12, 12', the vessel 1, the lid 2, further pipes 13, and the pipes through which the steam from the core reactor is normally channeled for safety in case of filling with reaction gas, correspond to this pressure. It must be designed accordingly. Since both sides of the jacket 3 are at approximately the same pressure, the jacket 3 does not need to be designed for high pressures.

The highest temperatures in the heat exchanger occur at the top of the collection tube 10, the second tube 11 and further tubes 13. This structural part is made of high-grade alloy such as Incoloy.
made by. Due to the contact with the cooling winding 18 and the lid 2, a negative temperature gradient is established in the further tube 13 downwards. The annular space between tubes 11 and 13 is filled with reaction gas.
Due to the annular space and cooling windings, the lid is heated to a high temperature tube 1.
1 and is significantly thermally isolated from 1. Depending on the purpose, the annular space is not designed to be very thick in order to avoid gas turbulence. Furthermore, insulating material can be incorporated into the annular space to improve thermal insulation. Possible failure points a, b, c, d in the course of stress,
e is provided with an annular reinforcing member (not shown).

Parts of the jacket 3 that are particularly at risk of corrosion are easily accessible. This is because both sides of the jacket are at the same pressure, and therefore the jacket is not a pressure vessel structure, so it can be arbitrarily cut and welded together again.

2a to 2e are reinforcing plates 23a to 23.
e shows various possibilities for reducing the load on the heat exchanger lid 2. Identical structural parts are given the same reference numerals as in FIG. In either example, the reinforcement plate has approximately the same temperature as the fluid on the cold side of the heat exchanger. In Figures 2a and 2b, the flat reinforcing plate 23
The combination of a and 23b with a flat lid 2 is shown. The plate 23a in FIG.
2' and has a cutout for the hot collection tube 10. In FIG. 2b, the reinforcing plate 23b is arranged below the cooling winding part 18, and the reinforcing plate 23b is arranged below the cooling winding part 18, and
In addition to being fixed to 12', it is also fixed to other pipes 13. Due to the additional fixation in the center, the bending curve for the lid 2 under load follows a significantly more favorable course.

In figures 2c and 2d a possible combination of flat reinforcing plates 23c and 23d and a curved lid 2' is shown. The reinforcing plate 23c of FIG.
It is fixed to the lid 2 through. Cutouts are provided in the collection tubes 9, 9' and the further tubes 11, through which the reaction gas flows. According to yet another embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention, the wall of the container is pulled upward by a reinforcing plate 23d arranged above the lid and welded to this reinforcing plate (FIG. 2d). . Further, the reinforcing plate 23d is further welded to the other pipes 12, 12'. A penetration portion for the second tube 11 is provided in the center. It is obvious that further arrangements for the reinforcing plate as well as the illustrated arrangement are possible, so that, for example in FIGS. can be done.

In the example according to FIG. 2e, a curved reinforcing plate is connected to a lid 2' having the same curved shape. This connection is made by bolts 25.

FIG. 3 shows yet another embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention. In this case, the second tube 11 has the same diameter as the jacket 3. Inner tube sections which are particularly susceptible to corrosion can be withdrawn together with the collecting tube 10 and the sealing shell to be cleaned or replaced. For this purpose, simply remove the closing plate of the second tube 11 and release the connection of the sealing shell 22a to the jacket 3 to form the connection between the inner and outer tube sections (welded joints 26-29). All you have to do is remove the .

According to a modification of the object of the invention, a cylindrical body 30 is placed on the container 1, which further surrounds the further tube 13 below the cooling winding 18 and at least the outermost part of the inner tube section 6b. It is particularly advantageous if the winding has a diameter of (FIG. 4). In this embodiment, the diameter of the further tube 13, which has a hot upper end, can be made smaller and can be made to replace the inner tube section 6b.

Said cylindrical body 30 extends inwardly as far as the jacket 3 and is connected thereto as a suspension for the outer tube section 6a. Openings 31 and 32 for fluid communication are provided in the portion between the cylindrical body 30 and the outer jacket 3. These openings 31, 32 can also be used as passage stairs during monitoring operations.

The cylinder 30 receives the collection tube 9'' for the reaction vapor and the short tube for the exit of the reaction gas, so that the lid 2 of the vessel does not have any additional failure points.

Basically, the outer pipe portion 6a is used as a collecting pipe 9''.
It is also possible to suspend it on the container lid 2 by.
This is fixed in such a way that the collecting tube has a T member, the straight flow part of which is led to the lid 2, where it is configured as a suspension part. Fluid communication takes place via the branch. Additional loads (pressure,
A separating plate 33 is welded above the T-piece of the suspension to protect the lid 2 from heat (temperature). The space arising above is connected to the outer partial space 5 via a pressure equalization hole. The lid 2 thereby has the same pressure over its entire surface. However, if the pressure in the tube space is such that the lid 2 is unloaded, the separating plate and the balancing hole are omitted.

The reaction gas is introduced at 16 and leaves the heat exchanger via a short tube arranged in the cylinder 30 (arrow 17).

In all embodiments of the heat exchanger according to the invention, it is possible to fill the container 1 with a filler, for example a filler consisting of a catalytic material.

In conjunction with the above-mentioned applications, it is self-evident that it is possible to utilize the heat exchanger according to the invention in any heat exchange process where the fluid has high pressures and high temperatures. In the following, the heat exchanger according to the invention will be illustrated by an example of methane synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
FIG. 5 shows a cylindrical container 35 in which two concentric tube windings are arranged, an inner tube section 37 surrounding a core tube 36 and an outer tube section 36. The portion 38 is wrapped around the jacket 39. Depending on the purpose, the jacket 39 is configured as a housing, which housing is fixed on a support ring 39a,
The outer tube section 38 is made accessible. The tube sections 37, 38 are connected on the lower side to a continuous flow channel. The free ends of the windings open into collection tubes 40, 41 which lead outward from the container 35.
The space inside the jacket 39 is connected to the outside space via a second pipe 42 arranged concentrically with the inner collecting pipe 40, which second pipe 42 is closely connected to the jacket 39 and is connected to the outside space. It has a smaller diameter than the cover. The annular space between the jacket 39 and the wall of the container is connected via a further tube 43 with the outer space. This connection is made by an opening 44. As shown schematically in the left half of FIG.
1 and for the passage of the supply pipe 45 for the cooling winding 47 described below. Basically, it is pipe 4
1 and 45 can also be led out by the container outside the further tube 43. Unnecessary welded joints are avoided as much as possible to ensure safety due to the temperatures and pressures present within the heat exchanger. Furthermore, since the further tube 43 has substantially the same diameter as the jacket 39, the inner tube turns can be removed from the container 35 by releasing the flange connection 47 for complete inspection or the like. can be extracted from.

Furthermore, the transition from the other tube 43 to the hot end of the heat exchanger reduces the heat transfer in this area (cooling winding 4
6) It is cooled in order to A cooling winding 48 is provided between the outer winding and the wall of the container and is connected in parallel with the outer winding. By means of the restraining valves 49 and 50, the introduction into the cooling winding 48 and into the outer tube winding can be inhibited independently of each other. A bypass conduit 51 with a check valve 52 connects the inlet conduit to the outer tube section 38 to the outlet conduit of the inner tube section 37. The inner tube section is surrounded by a sealing shell 53 which prevents backflow of the turns. The space of the outer cover 39 configured as a housing is the sealing shell 5
4 seals off the annular chamber between the jacket 39 and the wall of the container. A sealing shell 55 is likewise provided between the cooling winding 48 and the container wall. A sealing lip 68 connects the support ring to the sealing shell 5.
The annular gap between 3 and 3 is sealed.

Disposed at a distance from the bottom of the container is a plate 56, which plate is provided with a plurality of gas flow openings 69, only one of which is shown in the drawing. This plate 56 serves as a support structure for the catalyst charge filling the heat exchanger. Depending on the purpose, nickel particles are used as a catalyst for methanation. The openings are closed by fine mesh sieves 67 to prevent catalyst from falling through the gas flow openings.

Depending on the operating conditions, the fluid outflow and/or
Alternatively, filters 58 and 59 are arranged within the inflow cross-sectional area to suppress impurities.

According to the invention, a closable opening 57 is provided in the bottom of the heat exchanger. The opening 57 serves, on the one hand, the purpose that the impurities separated below the plate 56 at the bottom of the vessel 35 can be removed if necessary by opening the valve 60, and on the other hand, the opening 57 serves the purpose that the impurities separated below the plate 56 at the bottom of the vessel 35 can be removed if necessary by opening the valve 60; Fulfills the purpose of enabling part-load operation.

In the case of full-load operation, the opening 57 is closed by a valve 60, and the inlet opening for the fluid on one jacket side is opened (valve 61). Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are introduced into the heat exchanger via conduit 62, purified by filter 59, and reach via opening 44 into the annular space between jacket 39 and the wall of the vessel. Methane and water are produced because of the catalyst packing in place. The heat of reaction is introduced via conduit 65 and is received by a cooling fluid, such as water, flowing within the tube. Methane flows through plate 56 into a space located inside envelope 39 as schematically indicated by arrow 63, where unconverted carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted to methane. , which finally leaves the exchanger, after which further heat is removed by the inner tube winding 37 via the collection tube 42 (arrow 6).
6). Impurities contained in methane are removed by filter 5
8 and removed.

During part-load operation of the heat exchanger, valve 61 is closed and valve 60 is opened. The fluid on the jacket side is introduced into the heat exchanger through a short pipe 57 and is passed through the jacket 39.
Flows upward only inside the . In this way, the flow path is shortened by about half.

In principle, it is possible to provide opposite flow directions for the jacket both in part-load operation and in full-load operation. This is the case whenever the jacket-side fluid is introduced into the heat exchanger at a high temperature. In order to take full advantage of the structural advantages of the heat exchanger according to the invention, care must be taken that the hot end of the heat exchanger is at 64.

The cryogenic fluid introduced on the tube side is directed upward according to the respective position of the valves 49, 50 and 52 in the outer winding 38 in order to ensure a heat transfer that is best adapted to the operating conditions in each case. It can be guided downwards from below or upwards from below. In some cases valve 50
is closed and valves 49 and 52 are opened. In this case, the cooling fluid flows downwardly through the cooling winding 48 and upwardly in parallel in the inner and outer windings 37, 38, while
The fluid flowing therein is reintroduced via conduit 51 to the fluid flowing within the inner turns 37 . Otherwise, valve 52 is closed and valves 49 and 50 are opened. In this case, the cooling fluid is
8 and flows downward within the inner winding portion 37, and upward within the inner winding portion 37.

In the heat exchanger according to the invention, the following operating temperatures and pressures occur during isothermal methane synthesis (isothermal refers to the vaporization of cooling water):

Pressure of the gas on the jacket side 30 bar Temperature of the gas on the jacket side 800 K Pressure of the steam on the tube side 100 bar Temperature of the steam on the tube side 600 K Finally, the assembly of the heat exchanger according to the invention will be described. This heat exchanger is essentially made of four parts simultaneously: an inner winding, an outer winding, a cylindrical container with a lid, and a container bottom with a support frame. In this case, each component can be made up to its maximum transport weight.

At the installation site of the heat exchanger, first the lower bottom part with the support frame is installed. A pillar table is erected at the bottom as an assembly aid. The inner winding with the sealing shell is placed on the assembly table. Subsequently, the outer winding, which is also provided with a sealing shell, is moved onto the inner winding, the core tube of the outer winding being separated between the two windings. Forms a mantle. The container wall with the lid and the passage guide is now placed on the outer turn and welded to the bottom of the lower part. The inner and outer turns and separation jackets are connected to the lid and then the assembly table is disassembled. Finally, the inner sealing shell is connected to the jacket and the outer sealing shell to the wall of the container, and both windings are connected in the lower part of the heat exchanger.

If the holes in the bottom of the container necessary for installing the assembly table are to be avoided, the heat exchanger can be assembled as follows depending on the purpose. That is, first the jacket is installed with the welded bottom part. At the same time, the inner and outer turns are moved to fit in and out of each other and are coupled together. A tube 34 located parallel to the core tube within the winding section and extending from above to the lower end of the winding section.
(Fig. 4) is placed. The bottom of the container is filled with water and frozen. The winding is lifted into the container 1 and placed above the surface of the water. Subsequently, the lid 2 is placed and the connection between the tube and the passage guide is made.
The winding is now suspended from the lid. The water in the bottom is dissolved and sucked through a serpentine tube introduced through tube 34. Finally, tube 34 is closed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the present invention. Figures 2a to 2e are partial cross-sectional views showing various embodiments and arrangements of reinforcing plates for the lid of an embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of a modified form of a heat exchanger according to the invention. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of yet another modification of the heat exchanger according to the invention. FIG. 5 is a sectional view of yet another modification of the heat exchanger according to the invention. 1, 35... Container, 2... Lid, 3, 39... Outer cover, 6
a, 6b, 37, 38...pipe part, 9, 9', 9'',
10, 41... Collection pipe, 18, 47, 48... Cooling winding part, 22a, 22b, 53, 55... Sealing shell body,
23a,...23e...Reinforcement plate, 26...29...Welded joint, 30...Cylindrical body, 31, 32, 44, 57...
Opening, 36... Core pipe, 49, 50, 52... Suppression valve, 56... Plate, 58, 59... Filter, 60,
61...Valve, 67...Sieve, 68...Sealing lip.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A tube disposed in a closed cylindrical container to allow a first fluid to flow therethrough, the outer space around the tube being adapted to receive a second fluid; In a two-fluid heat exchanger, the inlet and outlet conduits are arranged in the lid of the container, the tubes extending from the lid 2 in the vicinity of the wall of the container in the direction of the bottom of the container. , and from this point towards the axis of the container,
A collection tube 9, 9'10, 40, 4 oriented inside the outer tube section 6a, 38 back towards said lid 2 and led outwardly through the container lid 2 at both ends.
1, the outer and inner portions 6a, 6b of the tube,
37, 38 are separated from each other by a jacket 3, 39, said jacket being open to the interior space of the container on the lower side and arranged concentrically around the inner collecting tube 10, 36 on the upper side. , tightly coupled with a second tube 11, 42 for passing the second fluid through the lid 2, and an outer collection tube 9 for the first fluid,
9', 41 and/or the second tube 11, 4
Further tubes 12, 12', 13 are arranged concentrically forming an annular space around the tube 2, and these tubes connect with the annular partial space between the jacket 3, 39 and the container wall. characterized in that the further tubes 12, 12' arranged around the outer collecting tubes 9, 9' for the first fluid are formed as flow conduits for the second fluid. heat exchanger. 2. The further pipe 13 arranged around the second pipe 11 arranged concentrically around the inner collecting pipe 10 is provided with cooling turns 18, 46. A heat exchanger according to claim 1. 3 reinforcing plates 23a, 23b, 23c, 23d, which are spaced apart from the lid 2 and firmly connected to the lid;
23. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a heat exchanger 23e is disposed therein. 4 The inner tube portions 6b, 37 are connected to the outer jacket 3,
4. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a sealing shell (22a, 53) connected to the heat exchanger (39). 5. Any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer tube section 6a is provided with a sealing shell 22b, which is connected to the inside of the container wall. Heat exchanger described in. 6. The heat exchanger according to claim 5, characterized in that a thermal insulator is provided between the sealing shell 22b and the container wall. 7. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the containers 1, 35 are at least partially filled with a packing material. 8. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the packing body contains a catalyst material. 9 an outer collection tube 9 for said first fluid;
In the heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the heat exchanger is configured such that no other tube is arranged around the tube 9', and a lid 2 is provided around the other tube 13. A cylindrical body 30, 43 is arranged which is connected to at least the inner tube section 6b,
37, a flow conduit for said second fluid is provided, and a collection tube 9'', 41 connected to the outer tube section is led outwardly through said cylinder. 10. The heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that the cylindrical bodies 30, 43 are configured as the outer tube portions 6a, 38. 11. The heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterized in that the upper ends of the outer tube sections 6a, 38 are configured as suspension parts for the outer tube sections 6a, 38. 12. The bottom of the container. Claims 1 to 11 have a closable opening 57.
The heat exchanger described in any of paragraphs. 13. A cooling winding 48 is provided between the container wall and the outer tube section 38, which is connected parallel to the outer tube section 38, and the collection tube 41 to the outer tube section 38 is a closable short-circuit conduit. 51 to the collection tube 40 of the inner tube section 37, characterized in that the cooling winding 48 and the inlet conduit 41 to the outer tube section 38 can be closed independently of each other. Claims 1 to 12
The heat exchanger described in any of paragraphs. 14 A plate 5 which spans the cross section of the container at a distance from the bottom of the container and is provided with a gas flow opening 69.
14. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 13 is equipped with a heat exchanger. 15 Introductory conduit 45 to the cooling winding section 48
15. The heat exchanger according to claim 9, wherein the heat exchanger is also led out from the container 35 through the cylindrical body 43. 16. Claim 1, characterized in that filters 58, 59 are provided at the inlet and/or outlet for the second fluid inside the container.
The heat exchanger according to any one of items 1 to 15. 17. The heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the outer cover 39 is configured as a casing. 18 The outer jacket 3, 3 configured as the housing
9 and/or the outer wall of the cooling winding 48 are provided with sealing shells 54, 55, which are connected to the jacket 39 or the container wall. A heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 17. 19 Claims 1 to 18 characterized in that the invention is used as a reaction device for methane synthesis.
The heat exchanger described in any of paragraphs. 20 A method for manufacturing a heat exchanger for two fluids, arranged in a closed cylindrical container and having a wound inner and outer tube section, in which the inner tube section is the tube portion onto the first core tube;
and separately winding said outer tube section onto a second core tube having an inner diameter larger than the diameter of the outermost turn of the inner tube section, and subsequently winding both wound tube sections. A method characterized in that the tube sections are moved into and out of each other so as to interlock the sections of the tube sections, and finally both tube sections are surrounded by a container.