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JPS6229785B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS6229785B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6229785B2
JPS6229785B2 JP54157687A JP15768779A JPS6229785B2 JP S6229785 B2 JPS6229785 B2 JP S6229785B2 JP 54157687 A JP54157687 A JP 54157687A JP 15768779 A JP15768779 A JP 15768779A JP S6229785 B2 JPS6229785 B2 JP S6229785B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
exposure
deep ultraviolet
light source
lamp
irradiation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP54157687A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5680043A (en
Inventor
Hitoshi Ito
Katsumi Mori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NEC Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP15768779A priority Critical patent/JPS5680043A/en
Publication of JPS5680043A publication Critical patent/JPS5680043A/en
Publication of JPS6229785B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6229785B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Exposure And Positioning Against Photoresist Photosensitive Materials (AREA)
  • Exposure Of Semiconductors, Excluding Electron Or Ion Beam Exposure (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は露光方法、特に深紫外露光方法に関す
るものである。 近年、素子の高集積化および小型化が進むにつ
れ、サブミクロンという微細パターン形成の実現
が望まれている。しかしながら、従来の露光方法
では、紫外光を用いるためにその波長領域から、
原理的にも0.5〜0.7μ程度がパターン形成可能な
最小寸法であつた。 そこで、最近より微細なパターンを得るために
もつと短波長の光で中心波長が200(nm)の深
紫外光、或いは電子ビーム又はX線を用いた露光
が開発されてきている。この中で電子ビーム露光
或いはX線露光については、直接露光を行なうに
は未だ問題が多く、実際にはマスク製作の面での
活用或いは開発がなされている段階である。これ
に対して深紫外露光法は電子ビーム露光法よりも
その開発の歴史が新しいにもかかわらず、レジス
トとして電子ビーム露光用に開発された例えばポ
ジ型レジストとしてPMMA、PMIPK、PBSを使
用でき、又装置としては既存の紫外光による露光
装置の光源のみを高圧水銀灯から深紫外光用に変
えるだけで、そのまま活用できるという利点をも
ち、急速に開発が進められ、実用化段階に入つて
きている。従来、深紫外露光法としては、重水素
ランプを光源としてレジストに深紫外光を連続的
に照射する事により、微細パターンの形成が行な
われていた。しかしながら、このような深紫外露
光方法では、重水素ランプの寿命と出力の兼ね合
いから、最適な露光条件としては、200(W)重
水素ランプでレジストとして例えばPMMAを用
いた場合に露光時間は20(分)を所要する。これ
は、従来の紫外露光での10(秒)程度に比較し
て、10倍以上もの長時間を有し、生産性の面にお
いて著しい欠点となつていた。一方、照射時の光
量を増して露光時間の短縮を図るために光源の入
力を増すと光源の寿命がそれに逆比例して短かく
なり、実用上大きな問題となつていた。この光源
に代わるものとして最近Xe−Hg光源の連続照射
により短時間で微細パターン形成を行なうための
露光法が開発されている。しかしながら実際には
Xe−Hgランプから照射される光の波長分布は第
1図のX軸に波長(λ)、Y軸に相対エネルギー
(RE)をとつて示すように220(nm)以上から
赤外光まで広く分布しており、第1に深紫外光と
しての波長域150(nm)〜250(nm)において
は照射効率が良好でない事、又、第2には赤外線
による被照射部での熱の影響を除くために赤外線
干渉用フイルターを入れなければならず、光学系
が複雑になる事、更に第3には光源自身が連続動
作でかつ大きな入力のために発熱し、冷却機構を
必要とするという機構面でのわずらわしさがあつ
た。 本発明の目的は、従来のこのような照射効率の
よくないこと、光源自身の冷却機構および赤外カ
ツト用フイルターを取り付ける必要がある等構造
的に複雑になるという欠点を改良し、照射効率が
高く、かつ簡便に、露光時間の短縮を図つた深紫
外露光方法を提供する事にある。 本発明は、200mmHg以上のキセノンガスを封入
したロングアーク型のキセノンランプを10(%)
以下のデユーテイレシオのパルス状で動作させ、
深紫外光を発光せしめこれを光源とし、レジスト
に露光照射を行なう事を特徴とする深紫外露光方
法である。 通常のキセノンランプの分光分布は第2図のX
軸に波長(λ)、Y軸に相対エネルギー(RE)を
とつて示す曲線Aのように300(nm)から赤外
域まで広く分布した特性をしており、深紫外部分
では分光強度は、非常に弱い。しかし、このラン
プをロングアークランプとして、パルス駆動した
場合にはその分光分布は第2図の曲線B,Cに示
すように短波長側にシフトし、210〜270(nm)
に強いピークが現われるようになる。そしてこの
ピーク値は入力電流密度に依存し大きい程高くな
る傾向を有する。(又、一般に封入ガス圧力は入
力電流密度を増し第3図の曲線Cのような分光分
布を得るためには200mmHg以上が必要とされ
る。)従つて、キセノンフンプをパルス駆動させ
る事によつて深紫外光の照射効率が良くなり、又
適当に入力電流密度を選ぶ事により、深紫外光量
が増加され、露光時間を短縮する事が出来る。更
にパルス照射によるため赤外線の放射量も少なく
なり赤外線フイルタの必要もない。又、パルス駆
動によるために光源自身の発熱のための冷却機構
も不要であり、装置を簡便にする事が出来る。 次に本発明の具体的実施例をキセノンランプと
して商品名FX−38C−3を、レジストとしては
ポジテイブタイプのレジストPMMAを用い、幅
0.5μのラインパターンを形成した場合について
示す。 まず、ウエハ上にPMMAレジストを6000Å塗
布し、次に170()20(min)窒素雰囲気中でプ
リベークした後、第3図に示すようにキセノンラ
ンプFX−38C−3の入力電圧として、2.5(kv)
を印加し、照射光のパルス幅〜70(μsec)、照射
レート1(pulse/sec)でパルス状に深紫外光を
2.5分間照射した。この時のデユテイレシオは、
0.007(%)であり、又、入力エネルギーは137.5
(Joule/pulse)である。続いて、イソプロピル
アルコール+メチルエチルケトン(2:1)の混
合液で35秒間、dip現像を行ない、0.3(μ)或い
は0.5(μ)幅のレジストパターンを形成した。
このようにして得られたパターンはマスク通りの
極めて良好な寸法形状であつた。このようなパタ
ーン形成法で、次にパルス条件のうちの照射レー
トをパラメータにして、0.5(μ)パターンの最
適露光時間を求めた。 その結果をX軸に照射レート(Q)、Y軸に最
適露光時間(T)をとつて第4図に示す。ここで
の最適露光時間は最適な現像条件において、形成
されたパターンがマスク寸法通りの0.5μに形成
されているかをSEM写真で観察する事によつて
決めている。この図において、ここでの照射レー
トの範囲内では、パターンの切れ具合はパルスの
照射レートよりは全光量に依存しているような結
果であるが、第2図にも示したように照射レート
が大きく、連続動作に近づくと遠紫外光での露光
が難しくなる。実際に、もつと照射レートを大き
くした場合にはこの図の結果から外挿した線とは
一致せず、露光時間は長くなつた。そして極端な
場合には0.5μより広いパターンしか形成されな
かつた。従つて、このキセノンロングアークラン
プでの最適なパルス、デユーテイレシオは10
(%)以下である。次に、ここでの露光法を用い
てパターン形成する事によつて、従来の重水素ラ
ンプ連続照射に比較して露光時間が如何に短縮さ
れるかを示すために、レジストをPMMA以外
に、PBS、PGMA、PMIPKの各ポジ型レジスト
を用いた場合について、第1表に示した。いずれ
のレジストでも露光時間が1桁近く短縮されてい
る事がわかる。
The present invention relates to an exposure method, particularly to a deep ultraviolet exposure method. In recent years, as elements have become more highly integrated and miniaturized, it has become desirable to form submicron fine patterns. However, in the conventional exposure method, since ultraviolet light is used, due to its wavelength range,
In principle, about 0.5 to 0.7 μm was the minimum dimension that allowed pattern formation. Therefore, recently, in order to obtain finer patterns, exposure methods using deep ultraviolet light with a center wavelength of 200 (nm), electron beams, or X-rays have been developed. Among these, electron beam exposure or X-ray exposure still has many problems in direct exposure, and is actually still at the stage of being utilized or developed in terms of mask production. On the other hand, although the development history of deep ultraviolet exposure is newer than that of electron beam exposure, it is possible to use PMMA, PMIPK, and PBS as positive resists developed for electron beam exposure, such as PMMA, PMIPK, and PBS. In addition, the device has the advantage of being able to be used as is by simply changing the light source of an existing ultraviolet light exposure device from a high-pressure mercury lamp to a deep ultraviolet light source, and its development has progressed rapidly and is now entering the stage of practical use. There is. Conventionally, in the deep ultraviolet exposure method, fine patterns have been formed by continuously irradiating a resist with deep ultraviolet light using a deuterium lamp as a light source. However, in such a deep ultraviolet exposure method, due to the balance between deuterium lamp life and output, the optimal exposure conditions are a 200 (W) deuterium lamp and an exposure time of 20% when using PMMA as the resist. It takes (minutes). This was more than 10 times longer than conventional ultraviolet exposure, which takes about 10 seconds, and was a significant drawback in terms of productivity. On the other hand, if the input of the light source is increased in order to shorten the exposure time by increasing the amount of light during irradiation, the life of the light source will be inversely shortened, which has been a major problem in practice. As an alternative to this light source, an exposure method has recently been developed for forming fine patterns in a short time by continuous irradiation with a Xe-Hg light source. However, in reality
The wavelength distribution of the light emitted from the Xe-Hg lamp ranges from 220 (nm) or more to infrared light, as shown in Figure 1 with wavelength (λ) on the X axis and relative energy (R E ) on the Y axis. It is widely distributed, and first, the irradiation efficiency is not good in the wavelength range of 150 (nm) to 250 (nm) as deep ultraviolet light, and second, the effect of heat on the irradiated area due to infrared rays. In order to eliminate this, an infrared interference filter must be installed, which complicates the optical system.Furthermore, the light source itself generates heat due to continuous operation and large input, requiring a cooling mechanism. Mechanism was bothersome. The purpose of the present invention is to improve the conventional disadvantages of poor irradiation efficiency and structural complexity such as the need to install a cooling mechanism for the light source itself and an infrared cut filter, and to improve irradiation efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a deep ultraviolet exposure method that is expensive, simple, and shortens the exposure time. The present invention is a long-arc type xenon lamp filled with xenon gas of 200 mmHg or more.
Operate in a pulsed manner with the following duty ratio,
This is a deep ultraviolet exposure method characterized by emitting deep ultraviolet light and using it as a light source to expose and irradiate the resist. The spectral distribution of a normal xenon lamp is X in Figure 2.
As shown by curve A, with wavelength (λ) on the axis and relative energy (R E ) on the Y axis, it has characteristics that are widely distributed from 300 (nm) to the infrared region, and in the deep ultraviolet region, the spectral intensity is Very weak. However, when this lamp is used as a long arc lamp and driven in pulses, its spectral distribution shifts to the short wavelength side, as shown by curves B and C in Figure 2, ranging from 210 to 270 (nm).
A strong peak begins to appear. This peak value depends on the input current density and tends to increase as the input current density increases. (Also, in general, the pressure of the filled gas is required to be 200 mmHg or more in order to increase the input current density and obtain the spectral distribution shown in curve C in Figure 3.) Therefore, by driving the xenon pump in pulses, The irradiation efficiency of deep ultraviolet light is improved, and by appropriately selecting the input current density, the amount of deep ultraviolet light can be increased and the exposure time can be shortened. Furthermore, since pulse irradiation is used, the amount of infrared radiation is reduced, and there is no need for an infrared filter. Furthermore, since the light source is driven by pulses, there is no need for a cooling mechanism for the heat generated by the light source itself, and the device can be simplified. Next, a specific example of the present invention will be described using a xenon lamp with the trade name FX-38C-3, a positive type resist PMMA as a resist, and a width
The case where a 0.5μ line pattern is formed is shown. First, a PMMA resist with a thickness of 6000 Å was coated on the wafer, and then prebaked in a nitrogen atmosphere at 170 ( °C ) for 20 (min), and then the input voltage of the xenon lamp FX-38C-3 was set to 2.5 as shown in Figure 3. (kv)
The pulse width of the irradiation light is ~70 (μsec) and the irradiation rate is 1 (pulse/sec).
Irradiated for 2.5 minutes. The duty ratio at this time is
0.007 (%), and the input energy is 137.5
(Joule/pulse). Subsequently, dip development was performed for 35 seconds using a mixed solution of isopropyl alcohol and methyl ethyl ketone (2:1) to form a resist pattern with a width of 0.3 (μ) or 0.5 (μ).
The pattern thus obtained had extremely good dimensions and shape as per the mask. Using this pattern forming method, we next determined the optimum exposure time for a 0.5 (μ) pattern using the irradiation rate as a parameter among the pulse conditions. The results are shown in FIG. 4 with the irradiation rate (Q) plotted on the X-axis and the optimum exposure time (T) plotted on the Y-axis. The optimum exposure time here is determined by observing with a SEM photograph whether the formed pattern is formed to the mask size of 0.5μ under optimum development conditions. In this figure, within the range of the irradiation rate here, the degree of pattern cutting depends on the total light amount rather than the pulse irradiation rate, but as shown in Figure 2, the irradiation rate When the value is large and continuous operation is approached, exposure with deep ultraviolet light becomes difficult. In fact, when the irradiation rate was increased, the line extrapolated from the results in this figure did not match, and the exposure time became longer. In extreme cases, only patterns wider than 0.5μ could be formed. Therefore, the optimal pulse and duty ratio for this xenon long arc lamp is 10.
(%) or less. Next, in order to show how the exposure time can be shortened by forming a pattern using the exposure method described here, compared to the conventional continuous irradiation with a deuterium lamp, we will use a resist other than PMMA. Table 1 shows the cases in which PBS, PGMA, and PMIPK positive resists were used. It can be seen that the exposure time is shortened by nearly an order of magnitude for both resists.

【表】 更に、PMMレジストにおいて、Xe−Hgラン
プを光源とした場合の最適露光時間は4分であつ
た。従つて、キセノンロングアークランプを用い
る事によつて、従来のランプに比較して、露光時
間の短縮化が図られていることがわかる。 又、本発明は非常に有効にかつ簡単に実現でき
る。 すなわち、この方法の利点は、露光時間の短縮
化をはかつて、生産性を向上させるために、キセ
ノンランプ光源を1(Pulse/sec)程度のパルス
駆動させるだけで光源自身の熱の問題或いは被照
射体に対する熱の影響をも考慮しなくとも良く、
そのための冷却機構や赤外線フイルターを必要と
せず簡便になるという点である。
[Table] Furthermore, for the PMM resist, the optimum exposure time when an X e -H g lamp was used as the light source was 4 minutes. Therefore, it can be seen that by using the xenon long arc lamp, the exposure time can be shortened compared to the conventional lamp. Moreover, the present invention can be implemented very effectively and easily. In other words, the advantage of this method is that it not only shortens exposure time but also improves productivity by simply driving the xenon lamp light source in pulses of about 1 (pulse/sec), which eliminates heat problems or exposure to the light source itself. There is no need to consider the effect of heat on the irradiated object,
The advantage is that it is simple and does not require a cooling mechanism or infrared filter.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、従来の深紫外露光用光源であるXe
−Hgランプの分光強度分布を示す図である。第
2図は、本発明を説明するための図で深紫外露光
用光源であるキセノンランプの分光強度分布を示
し、図において、Aは連続動作した場合の分光分
布であり、BおよびCはパルス動作時のものであ
る。ここでこの方がBより電流密度が大きい場合
の特性である。第3図は本発明の一実施例におい
て用いた深紫外露光装置のブロツク図である。図
において、31はキセノンランプ(FX−38C−
3)を示し、32はAl反射鏡、33は石英レン
ズ、34はマスク、35はレジスト、そして36
はウエハを示す。第4図は本発明の露光方法の有
効性を示すための実験であり、最適露光時間と照
射レートの関係を表わしている。
Figure 1 shows Xe, a conventional light source for deep ultraviolet exposure.
- It is a figure showing the spectral intensity distribution of the Hg lamp. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the present invention and shows the spectral intensity distribution of a xenon lamp, which is a light source for deep ultraviolet exposure. In the figure, A is the spectral distribution when operated continuously, and B and C are pulsed This is during operation. Here, this is the characteristic when the current density is larger than that of B. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a deep ultraviolet exposure apparatus used in one embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 31 is a xenon lamp (FX-38C-
3), 32 is an Al reflecting mirror, 33 is a quartz lens, 34 is a mask, 35 is a resist, and 36
indicates a wafer. FIG. 4 is an experiment to demonstrate the effectiveness of the exposure method of the present invention, and shows the relationship between the optimum exposure time and the irradiation rate.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 200mmHg以上のキセノンガスを封入したロン
グアーク型のキセノンランプを10(%)以下のデ
ユーテイレシオのパルス状で動作させ深紫外光を
発光せしめ、これを光源とし、レジストに露光照
射を行なう事を特徴とする深紫外露光方法。
1. A long-arc type xenon lamp filled with xenon gas of 200 mmHg or more is operated in a pulsed manner with a duty ratio of 10% or less to emit deep ultraviolet light, which is used as a light source to expose the resist. A deep ultraviolet exposure method.
JP15768779A 1979-12-05 1979-12-05 Far ultraviolet exposing method Granted JPS5680043A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15768779A JPS5680043A (en) 1979-12-05 1979-12-05 Far ultraviolet exposing method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15768779A JPS5680043A (en) 1979-12-05 1979-12-05 Far ultraviolet exposing method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5680043A JPS5680043A (en) 1981-07-01
JPS6229785B2 true JPS6229785B2 (en) 1987-06-29

Family

ID=15655186

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP15768779A Granted JPS5680043A (en) 1979-12-05 1979-12-05 Far ultraviolet exposing method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5680043A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01160359A (en) * 1987-12-16 1989-06-23 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Controlling method for dc/dc converter

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09193249A (en) * 1995-08-15 1997-07-29 Dainippon Ink & Chem Inc Method and device for laminating disks

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01160359A (en) * 1987-12-16 1989-06-23 Fuji Electric Co Ltd Controlling method for dc/dc converter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5680043A (en) 1981-07-01

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