JPS6233571B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method in which a compensator with a measuring scale is superimposed on the image of the object to be measured in the image plane for rapid determination of the optical path difference, or when using a known measuring compensator.
The present invention relates to a polarizing microscope that uses a penumbra to improve measurement accuracy, or uses a dichroic mirror or a beam splitting deflection prism to reveal the direction-dependent transmittance of optically anisotropic substances, for example.

A known technical solution is to place the polarizing optical elements necessary for observation in the plane of the intermediate image of the object to be measured projected by the objective lens of the polarizing microscope, in order to effect the desired physical changes in the image generated by the polarizing microscope. They have something in common that occurs. In that case, it is required that no deflection of the light beam takes place in front of this plane. This is because the polarization state of the imaged beam is generally changed randomly when reflected by the deflection element.

For this reason, the polarizing optical elements, such as the graduated compensators, penumbras, or dichroscopic plates mentioned above, are inserted through the insertion opening into the mechanically accessible object plane of the so-called Wright eyepiece. Since the eyepiece is attached to the polarizing microscope through a straight lens barrel, only monocular observation is possible in an awkward position.

A technique in which, via an auxiliary optical path containing a deflection element, the polarization optical element before the first deflection is imaged into the eyepiece object plane of the binocular tilting tube together with the intermediate image of the object created by the objective lens. A solution is also known (West German Patent Publication No. 2406414). The binocular tube is connected to the microscope in a customary manner via a separate insertable deflection element to ensure comfortable viewing. The disadvantage of this configuration is that the operated polarizing optical element and the downstream, also operated measuring analyzer are above eye level of the microscope observer, and that the polarizing optical element affected by The beam that is then deflected later has a diameter of 20 to 25 mm in the case of modern large-field observation techniques, which makes the correction of the intermediate imaging system difficult and makes it difficult to correct the deflection elements with respect to size and surface texture. placing high demands on people. This makes the device configured as a microscope accessory quite bulky, and a large additional weight is placed on the microscope stand. Furthermore, it may not be possible to use the analyzer already in the lens barrel of the polarizing microscope, and it is necessary to arrange a second analyzer in the auxiliary device.

The purpose of the present invention is to ensure orthoscopic or conoscopic observation of objects in a posture suitable for muscle movement in a binocular tilting tube polarizing microscope;
The aim is to significantly reduce the cost of equipment and materials and eliminate the aforementioned drawbacks.

The basis of the invention is that simultaneous observation of an object and a polarizing optical element superimposed on the object in the image plane is possible, and that no beam deflection takes place between the object and the polarizing optical element, and in both cases conventional The problem is configuring a binocular tilting barrel polarizing microscope so that it is possible to use a barrel analyzer.

The problem consists of a telecentric beam path between the binocular tilt tube, the objective lens and the analyzer, and an insertable add-on that creates an intermediate image before the tube lens and the first deflection point of the telecentric beam path. an optical system, the additional optical system forming an afocal unit of at least two optical elements having a common focal plane, the optical elements influencing the polarization being It is characterized by being inside the unit. It is advantageous if this optical element is arranged in a removable manner. Preferably, each optical member of the afocal system has an equal focal length.

Further, it is preferable that the front focal point of the additional optical system and the rear focal plane of the objective lens, and the rear focal point of the additional optical system and the principal plane of the barrel lens coincide.

The invention will now be explained in more detail on the basis of schematic drawings.

On the optical axis O ₁ -O ₁ with respect to the objective lens 1, there is provided a compensator 2, an additional optical system 3 consisting of a front element 4, a rear element 5, an insertable penumbra 6, an analyzer 7 and a mirror. A tube lens 8 and a deflection element 9 are placed downstream. The deflection element is followed by an eyepiece 10 on the axis O ₂ -O ₂ . shaft
Perpendicular to O ₁ -O ₁ and perpendicular to the axis O ₂ -O ₂ are intermediate image planes 11 and 12, respectively. Compensation plate 2
and the additional optical system 3 and between the analyzer 7 and the deflection element 9 there is a focal point 15, 1 on the optical axis O ₁ −O ₁ .
There are 6.

The front element 4 of the additional optical system 3, which can be inserted in the optical path O ₁ -O ₁ between the objective 1 with infinite image distance and the analyzer 7 , produces an additional intermediate image 13 in the intermediate image plane 11 .
occurs. This intermediate image plane 11 lies in front of the deflection element 9, into which the penumbra 6 can be inserted. The penumbra 6 directs the correct compensation of the optical path difference by the compensator 2 and is superimposed on the image of an object (not shown). In another embodiment, not shown, the compensator can be removed and the penumbra replaced by another compensator, for example a dichroscope or a compensator with a measuring scale. The rear element 5 of the additional optical system 3 together with the tube lens 8 provides an additional auxiliary intermediate image 13
, the penumbra 6 and also a compensator with a measuring scale or a dichroscope are imaged onto the eyepiece object plane.

The additional optical system 3 is configured as an afocal system, its front element 4 and rear element 5 having equal focal lengths. In this case, when inserting the additional optical system 3,
Neither the position of the original intermediate image 14 nor its size change.

Focusing and imaging scale remain the same. The additional optical system 3 is arranged in the optical path O 1 in such a way that the focal point 15 is the common focal point of the front element 4 and the objective 1 and the focal point 16 (focal point of the rear element) is in the main plane (not shown) of the tube lens _8. - Must be inserted in O ₁ .

In another embodiment, the compensator can be removed and the penumbra replaced by another polarizing optical element, for example a compensator with a measuring scale for the optical path difference or a dichroic mirror.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The figure shows a schematic diagram of a polarizing microscope according to the invention. 1...Objective lens, 3...Additional optical system, 7...
...Analyzer, 8...Target lens.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A telecentric optical path between the binocular tilting barrel, the objective lens and the analyzer, and an insertable lens which is located before the first deflection point of the telecentric optical path and creates an intermediate image. a polarizing microscope having an additional optical system, said additional optical system being an afocal unit of at least two optical members having a common focal plane, in which said optical system has an optical polarization-influencing optical system; The polarizing microscope described above, characterized in that an element is present. 2. The polarizing microscope according to claim 1, wherein the optical element that affects polarization is removably disposed. 3. A polarizing microscope according to claim 2, wherein each optical member of the afocal unit has an equal focal length. 4. The polarizing microscope according to claim 3, wherein the front focal point of the additional optical system and the rear focal plane of the objective lens, and the rear focal point of the additional optical system and the principal plane of the barrel lens coincide.