JPS6237170B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a wave-dissipating bank that eliminates waves generated in the ocean or a swamp and reduces the wave height.

The most common facility for eliminating waves or reducing their energy is a breakwater.

This breakwater is constructed by creating a crushed stone mound at the bottom of the water, installing a caisson on top of it, driving sheet piles, steel pipes, sheet piles, etc. into the bottom of the water to create a cofferdam, which is then filled with gravel, sand, and concrete. It is formed by inserting huge boulders or concrete blocks and constructing an underwater embankment, and although it is almost perfect for the purpose of blocking waves, the construction cost is high and the construction period is long. It has the disadvantage of becoming.

On the other hand, there is a floating wave levee that dissipates surface waves with short wavelengths and relatively small wave heights by floating a wave dissipating structure on the water surface. Since this is a simple structure, it is widely used as a temporary structure or for the purpose of dissipating waves for a short period of time, but it has poor wave dissipation efficiency and is hardly effective against waves with particularly long wavelengths. There is no.

The breakwater of the present invention is based on an intermediate concept between the two, and has functionally intermediate performance, and is suitable as a fishing facility for fish farming and the like. Primary wave dissipation is performed by a wave-dissipating levee body that is swingably moored to the water bottom, and the high-pressure air generated within the wave-dissipating levee is released into the water near the main body by utilizing the vertical movement of the water surface caused by waves. The idea is to achieve a wave-dissipating effect by performing second-order wave dissipation.

This will be explained with reference to the drawings.

1 is the main body of the breakwater.

This main body 1 is swingably moored to an anchor 3, which will be described later, and is maintained in an upright state underwater in its natural state. Although the one shown in Figure 1 is shown standing upright, it is also possible to intentionally tilt it toward the front of the waves from the beginning. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 1, a steel plate is formed into the shape of an airplane wing, and a part of the inside of this wing plate is made hollow as shown in Fig. 5 to form buoyancy chambers 13, 13... This creates buoyancy when placed underwater.

In addition to the blade shape shown here, the cross section of the wave-dissipating bank can be various, such as a rectangular cross section, a circular cross section, or a plurality of cylinders arranged in parallel.

In addition to steel, the construction materials for the wave-dissipating levee are concrete,
Any material such as rubber, plastic, etc. that can be molded into the desired shape can be used.

Reference numeral 2 denotes an air chamber formed above the main body 1, which will be described in detail later. 3 is a mooring anchor installed on the water bottom 4, and the wave-dissipating bank body 1 is attached to this anchor 3 with a pivot 5.
It is moored so that it can swing. The head of the breakwater main body 1 is in a state of protruding from the water surface. Reference numeral 6 is an example of an air intake valve that is provided in the air chamber 2 and opens and closes automatically.As will be explained later, this valve automatically closes when the air in the air chamber 2 is compressed. It opens automatically when the air pressure reaches normal pressure. Reference numeral 7 indicates an opening provided in the wall of the main body 1 to introduce water into the main body 1, and its position is at the lowest water level at low tide, as shown in Figure 3.
Water is always introduced into the breakwater main body 1 through this opening 7, and an air chamber 2 is formed above the main body 1, which is compressed by the introduced water. Ru. The shape of air chamber 2,
The size is determined as appropriate depending on wave conditions and other factors.

8 is an air guide pipe that opens toward the upper side of the air chamber 2;
An air bubble pipe 9 is attached to the other end via a connecting hose 8'. In principle, the air bubble pipe 9 is installed in the water behind the breakwater main body 1, but in some cases it may be installed in front of it.

a indicates the air bubble, and X indicates the direction of travel of the wave.

In the air intake valve 6 shown in Fig. 4 A and B, 1
0 is an on-off valve supported by a pedestal 11, and an air chamber 2
When the air pressure inside increases, it is pushed up and comes into close contact with the rubber packing 12, closing the same room airtight.
The valve opens at normal pressure.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the air bubble tube 9, in which two air bubble tubes 9 are arranged in parallel. Reference numeral 9' is an air outlet, and its diameter is 1 to 5 m. m. The appropriate spacing is 10 to 30 cm.

The effect will be explained.

As described above, the breakwater main body 1 has an upward force due to its own buoyancy and stands upright in the water, with its head projecting above the water.

In this state, when a wave traveling from the offshore side collides with the main body 1, the anchor 3's axis 5
The wave-dissipating levee rotates in the direction of wave propagation It consumes most of the wave's energy,
This provides first-order wave cancellation.

When a wave passes by, the wave-dissipating dam body 1 does not return to its original upright state due to its buoyancy, causing a rotational movement in the opposite direction, and repeats this process when the next wave acts on it.

By swinging the main body 1 from side to side in this manner, it absorbs the energy of successive waves, thereby achieving primary wave extinction as described above.

On the other hand, the water surface within the air chamber 2 within the wave-dissipating bank body 1 also causes vertical movement.

Therefore, the volume of the air chamber 2 changes as the water surface moves up and down due to waves, and since the air intake valve 6 that automatically opens and closes is provided in the chamber 2,
When the volume reaches its maximum, that is, when the trough of the wave passes as shown in Fig. 3, the air intake valve 6 opens.
When the internal pressure becomes equal to atmospheric pressure and the volume of the chamber 2 is at its minimum, that is, when the crest of a wave passes as shown in Figure 2, the air intake valve 6 closes and the air inside the chamber 2 subject to maximum compression.

In this way, high-pressure air generated every time a wave comes is discharged from the air guide pipe 8 through the air bubble pipe 9 installed in the water area behind the wave-dissipating dam body 1, thereby generating air bubbles a in the water.

This air bubble a disturbs the water particles and generates rising energy in the water, which is generated accompanying waves that try to proceed further beyond the wave-dissipating body 1 or by the shaking of the wave-dissipating body 1. erase the waves,
Here, secondary wave cancellation takes place.

In addition, in cases where the desired purpose can be achieved only by the first wave dissipation, the high-pressure air obtained in the air chamber 2 can be used, for example, as energy for beacon lights and lighting in the ocean, or as a power source for observation equipment. It can also be used as a power source for charging storage batteries.

Furthermore, by releasing high pressure air into the water,
We perform so-called waterfalls to help purify water bodies,
It can also be used to promote the circulation of nutrients by supplying it to fish farming facilities.

To explain the effects of the present invention, the wave-dissipating dam of the present invention has the following effects:
Its primary purpose is to block waves or reduce wave height, and it can be used in harsh marine environments equal to or more severe than the conventionally widely used floating wave dykes. It is also effective for canceling waves with long wavelengths that cannot be reached by the conventional method.

Moreover, the cost required for its installation is far lower than that of conventional breakwaters.

In particular, the present invention performs first-order wave-dissipation by swinging the wave-dissipating dam body and second-order wave-dissipation by releasing high-pressure air generated in the air chamber by waves into the water. The wave dissipation efficiency is extremely high because it eliminates the excess energy that cannot be absorbed by waves.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a longitudinal side view of the main wave-dissipating levee, Figure 2 is a side view showing the tilting state of the wave-dissipating levee body when a crest of a wave passes through it, and Figure 3 is a side view of the main body of the wave-dissipating levee when a trough of a wave passes through it. The side view and Figure 4 are vertical side views of the air intake valve, where A is when it is open and B is when it is closed.
FIG. 5 is a front view of the main breakwater, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the air bubble pipe. 1... Breakwater main body, 2... Air chamber, 3... Anchor, 4... Water bottom, 6... Air intake valve, 7... Opening, 8... Air guide pipe, 9... Air bubble pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 The hollow wave breakwater main body is moored to the anchor set on the water bottom so that it can swing, and the main body is erected by its own buoyancy in the water so that its head protrudes above the water surface, and the main body is attached to the wall of the main body. An opening is provided below the wave surface, an air chamber is formed in the body above the opening, an air intake valve is attached to the air chamber, and a guide is installed in the same chamber to draw out the high pressure air generated in the same chamber. A wave-dissipating levee with a trachea and an air bubble pipe attached to the other end of the trachea, which is installed in a body of water near the main body of the wave-dissipating levee.