JPS6239682B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6239682B2 JPS6239682B2 JP965180A JP965180A JPS6239682B2 JP S6239682 B2 JPS6239682 B2 JP S6239682B2 JP 965180 A JP965180 A JP 965180A JP 965180 A JP965180 A JP 965180A JP S6239682 B2 JPS6239682 B2 JP S6239682B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- optical system
- laser beam
- top surface
- receiving optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
- Blast Furnaces (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は高炉の炉頂面などのプロフアイルを
測定するプロフアイル測定装置に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a profile measuring device for measuring the profile of the top surface of a blast furnace.
鉄鉱石を熔解する高炉では、通常、炉の上部か
ら鉄鉱石とコークスが交互に装入され、その後炉
頂面のプロフアイルが断面ほぼＶ字状となるよう
に設定される。炉頂面のプロフアイルをＶ字状に
することは、高炉の燃費を節約する上で非常に重
要な意味をもつている。したがつて、炉頂面のプ
ロフアイルを高精度に測定する手段が要求され
る。 In a blast furnace for melting iron ore, iron ore and coke are normally charged alternately from the top of the furnace, and then the profile of the top surface of the furnace is set to have a substantially V-shaped cross section. Making the profile of the furnace top surface V-shaped has a very important meaning in terms of saving fuel consumption of the blast furnace. Therefore, a means for measuring the profile of the furnace top surface with high accuracy is required.
従来、炉頂面のプロフアイルを測定する手段と
しては、検尺等を用いた機械的測定が主であつ
た。しかしながら、このような手段によると、測
定時間が長いとともに自動化が困難であるなどの
欠点があつた。 Conventionally, the main means for measuring the profile of the furnace top surface has been mechanical measurement using a measuring rod or the like. However, this method has drawbacks such as long measurement time and difficulty in automation.
そこで、近時、炉頂面のプロフアイルをレーザ
光を用いて三角測量的な手段で測定することが実
現されている。すなわち、レーザ発振器から出力
したレーザ光を所定の入射角度で炉頂面に照射
し、この炉頂面からの反射光を高炉に固定的に設
けられた受光光学系で受光することにより、この
受光光学系から見た上記レーザ光の炉頂面からの
出射角度を求め、上記入射角度と出射角度により
炉頂面におけるレーザ光のスポツト位置を求め
る。そして、上記レーザ光を炉頂面に偏向走査さ
せて各照射点の位置を求めることにより、炉頂面
のプロフアイルを測定するようにしている。 Therefore, recently, it has been realized to measure the profile of the furnace top surface using a triangulation method using laser light. In other words, the laser beam output from a laser oscillator is irradiated onto the furnace top surface at a predetermined incident angle, and the reflected light from the furnace top surface is received by a light receiving optical system fixedly installed in the blast furnace. The emission angle of the laser beam from the furnace top surface as seen from the optical system is determined, and the spot position of the laser beam on the furnace top surface is determined from the above incident angle and output angle. Then, the profile of the furnace top surface is measured by deflecting and scanning the laser beam on the furnace top surface to determine the position of each irradiation point.
ところで、このような測定手段によると、上記
受光光学系を構成する集光レンズは、受光光学系
が高炉に固定的に設けられているから、高炉内径
を一度に見渡せるような視野、すなわち45度前後
の視野角が必要となり、焦点距離の短い広角レン
ズを使用しなければならない。そのため、レンズ
の周辺ではどうしても収差が生じ、受光した像が
歪んでしまう。さらに、結像面での縮少率を大き
くとらないといけないから、レンズ口径が必然的
に小さくなり、受光光学系の立体角損失が大きく
なるので、受光エネルギが小さくなる欠点があ
る。 By the way, according to such measurement means, the condensing lens constituting the light-receiving optical system has a field of view that allows the inner diameter of the blast furnace to be seen at once, that is, 45 degrees, since the light-receiving optical system is fixedly installed in the blast furnace. Front and back viewing angles are required, and a wide-angle lens with a short focal length must be used. Therefore, aberrations inevitably occur around the lens, distorting the image received. Furthermore, since the reduction ratio on the image plane must be large, the lens aperture inevitably becomes small, and the solid angle loss of the light-receiving optical system becomes large, resulting in a disadvantage that the light-receiving energy becomes small.
ちなみに、高炉内径６ｍ程度の小形炉において
視野角が45度、受光素子の受光面の大きさが直径
約２cm、集光レンズと炉頂面までの平均距離を約
７ｍとすると、直径２cmの受光面に高炉の内径６
ｍが全て写し込まれるわけであるから、結像系の
倍率、すなわち縮少率は
１／Ｍ＝２cm／６００cm＝１／３００……
(1)
となる。 By the way, in a small blast furnace with an inner diameter of about 6 m, if the viewing angle is 45 degrees, the size of the light receiving surface of the light receiving element is about 2 cm in diameter, and the average distance between the condenser lens and the top of the furnace is about 7 m, then the light receiving area is 2 cm in diameter. The inside diameter of the blast furnace on the surface 6
Since all m is imprinted, the magnification of the imaging system, that is, the reduction rate is 1/M = 2cm/600cm = 1/300...
(1) becomes.
一方、集光レンズの焦点距離をｆとすると、レ
ンズの結像の式は
１／ｆ＝１／ａ＋１／ｂ ……(2)式
ただし、ａは物体とレンズ間の距離、ｂは実像
とレンズ間の距離である。 On the other hand, if the focal length of the condensing lens is f, then the formula for lens imaging is 1/f=1/a+1/b...Equation (2), where a is the distance between the object and the lens, and b is the real image. This is the distance between the lenses.
ところで、上記(1)式よりａ：ｂ＝300：１でａ
≫ｂなので、ｂ〓ｆとなる。またａ＝700cm、Ｍ
＝ｂ／ａ＝１／300であるから
ｆ≒７００／３００＝2.3cm ……(3)
となる。したがつて、集光レンズのＦナンバ＝１
と非常に明るいレンズを仮定しても、レンズ径Ｄ
≒2.3cmとなるから、このように開口径の小さい
レンズでは１つの受光素子エレメントへの受光エ
ネルギをできるだけ多くしたい高炉プロフアイル
測定装置においては、不適当と言わざるを得な
い。なぜなら、集光レンズの直径の大きさで決ま
る立体角損失が大きくなつてしまうから、その分
だけ受光エネルギも少なくなるためである。 By the way, from the above equation (1), a:b=300:1 and a
≫b, so b=f. Also a=700cm, M
=b/a=1/300, so f≒700/300=2.3cm...(3). Therefore, the F number of the condenser lens = 1
Even assuming a very bright lens, the lens diameter D
≒2.3 cm, so a lens with such a small aperture diameter is unsuitable for a blast furnace profile measuring device in which it is desired to receive as much light energy as possible to one light receiving element. This is because the solid angle loss determined by the diameter of the condenser lens increases, and the received light energy decreases accordingly.
すなわち、上述したように集光レンズの視野角
を大きくして高炉内全てを見渡せるようにした受
光光学系では、受光した像の歪みが避けられない
ので、像の周辺部において測定精度が低下する。
また、集光レンズ径を大きくできないので、受光
素子の１つのエレメント当りの受光エネルギが小
さいなどの欠点が生じる。 In other words, in the light-receiving optical system where the viewing angle of the condensing lens is increased so that the entire inside of the blast furnace can be seen, as described above, distortion of the received light image is unavoidable, resulting in a decrease in measurement accuracy at the periphery of the image. .
Furthermore, since the diameter of the condensing lens cannot be increased, there are drawbacks such as a small light receiving energy per element of the light receiving element.
この発明は上記事情にもとづきなされたもの
で、その目的とするところは、受光光学系を回動
自在に設け、受光視野内における歪をなくすとと
もに受光エネルギの増大を計かるようにして、測
定精度を向上させることができるようにしたプロ
フアイル測定装置を提供することにある。 This invention was made based on the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a rotatable light-receiving optical system, eliminate distortion within the light-receiving field of view, and increase the received light energy, thereby increasing measurement accuracy. An object of the present invention is to provide a profile measuring device that can improve the performance of the user.
以下、この発明の一実施例を図面を参照して説
明する。図中１は高炉であり、この中に鉄鉱石と
コークスが交互に装入され、その後炉頂面２がほ
ぼＶ字状となるように設定される。上記高炉１の
上壁には、対をなす送光窓３と受光窓４とが形成
されている。逆光窓３にはレーザ発振器５が対向
して配設され、受光窓４には受光光学系６が対向
して配設されている。上記レーザ発振器５から出
力されたレーザ光Ｌは角度エンコーダ７を備えた
回転駆動系８によつて回転駆動される回転反射鏡
９を介して上記送光窓３から高炉１内に入射する
ようになつている。高炉１内に入射したレーザ光
Ｌは炉頂面２を照射し、この照射点Ａからの反射
光L1が上記受光光学系６で受光されるようにな
つている。この受光光学系６は、筐体１０、この
筐体１０に保持された集光レンズ１１および集光
レンズ１１と対向して筐体１０内に配設された受
光素子１２からなり、上記筐体１０は第２図に示
すようにその両側面から突出させた軸１３を軸受
１４に回動自在に支持されているとともに、一方
の軸１３には制御駆動系１５が連結されている。
この制御駆動系１５は、上記回転反射鏡９の回動
角度を出力する角度エンコーダ７からの入力信号
によつて受光光学系６をその集光レンズ１１を回
転中心として炉頂面２のレーザ光Ｌの照射点Ａを
追尾するよう回動させる。したがつて、受光光学
系６の集光レンズ１１での結像が受光素子１２で
受光されることにより、上記反射光L1の炉頂面
２からの出射角度が上記制御駆動系１５の出力信
号によつて求められる。なお、レーザ光Ｌの入射
角度は上記角度エンコーダ７により求められるか
ら、上記出射角度と入射角度により炉頂面２にお
けるレーザ光Ｌによる照射点Ａの位置を求めるこ
とができる。ゆえに、上記回転反射鏡９を回転さ
せてレーザ光Ｌを偏光走査し、炉頂面Ａにおける
レーザ光Ｌの各照射点の位置を求めれば、これら
の位置から炉頂面２のプロフアイルを測定するこ
とができる。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a blast furnace, into which iron ore and coke are alternately charged, and then the top surface 2 of the furnace is set to have a substantially V-shape. A pair of light transmitting window 3 and light receiving window 4 are formed on the upper wall of the blast furnace 1. A laser oscillator 5 is disposed facing the backlight window 3, and a light receiving optical system 6 is disposed facing the light receiving window 4. The laser beam L outputted from the laser oscillator 5 enters the blast furnace 1 through the light transmitting window 3 via a rotating reflector 9 that is rotationally driven by a rotational drive system 8 equipped with an angle encoder 7. It's summery. The laser beam L entering the blast furnace 1 irradiates the furnace top surface 2, and the reflected light L1 from the irradiation point A is received by the light receiving optical system 6. The light-receiving optical system 6 includes a casing 10, a condensing lens 11 held in the casing 10, and a light-receiving element 12 disposed inside the casing 10 facing the condensing lens 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the shaft 10 is rotatably supported by bearings 14 with shafts 13 protruding from both sides thereof, and a control drive system 15 is connected to one shaft 13.
The control drive system 15 controls the light-receiving optical system 6 to rotate around the condenser lens 11 to receive the laser light on the furnace top surface 2 in response to an input signal from the angle encoder 7 that outputs the rotation angle of the rotary reflecting mirror 9. Rotate it to track the irradiation point A of L. Therefore, the image formed by the condensing lens 11 of the light-receiving optical system 6 is received by the light-receiving element 12, so that the output angle of the reflected light L1 from the furnace top surface 2 becomes the output of the control drive system 15. determined by the signal. Incidentally, since the incident angle of the laser beam L is determined by the angle encoder 7, the position of the irradiation point A by the laser beam L on the furnace top surface 2 can be determined from the above-mentioned output angle and incident angle. Therefore, if the rotating reflector 9 is rotated to polarize and scan the laser beam L and find the positions of each irradiation point of the laser beam L on the furnace top surface A, the profile of the furnace top surface 2 can be measured from these positions. can do.
ところで、この発明は、受光光学系６を回動自
在に設け、照射点Ａを追尾させるようにした。し
たがつて、集光レンズ１１の視野角αを高炉１の
内径の何分の１かの大きさにすることができる。
たとえば、集光レンズ１１の視野角αを内径６ｍ
の高炉１において、炉頂面２上で約１ｍの範囲を
見ることができる大きさとすると、この視野角は
上記集光レンズ１１が炉頂面２から約７ｍ離れて
いるとすれば1/7ラジアン（約８度）でよい。し
たがつて、像の縮小率は、上記(1)式と同様に、
１／Ｍ＝２cm／１００cm＝１／５０……(4)
式
ただし、２cmは受光素子１２の受光面の直径で
ある。また、１／Ｍ＝ｂ／ａで、ａ＝700cmであ
るから、
ｂ＝７００cm／５０＝14cm ……(5)式
そして、ｆ≒ｂ（ａ≫ｂ）であるから、集光レ
ンズ１１の焦点距離は14cmとなる。ここで、レン
ズのＦナンバーを１とするなら、集光レンズ１１
の径は14cmとすることができる。 By the way, in this invention, the light receiving optical system 6 is rotatably provided to track the irradiation point A. Therefore, the viewing angle α of the condenser lens 11 can be made a fraction of the inner diameter of the blast furnace 1.
For example, if the viewing angle α of the condensing lens 11 is set to 6 m in inner diameter,
In the blast furnace 1, if the size is such that a range of approximately 1 m can be seen on the furnace top surface 2, this viewing angle is 1/7 if the condenser lens 11 is approximately 7 m away from the furnace top surface 2. Radians (approximately 8 degrees) are sufficient. Therefore, the reduction ratio of the image is 1/M=2cm/100cm=1/50...(4)
Formula: However, 2 cm is the diameter of the light-receiving surface of the light-receiving element 12. Also, since 1/M=b/a and a=700cm, b=700cm/50=14cm...Equation (5) And since f≒b (a≫b), the condenser lens 11 The focal length is 14cm. Here, if the F number of the lens is 1, the condenser lens 11
The diameter of can be 14cm.
そこで、従来例のごとく６ｍ内径の炉内全てて
を見渡す場合と、この発明のごとく１ｍ程度を見
渡す場合との受光素子１２の受光エネルギ量を比
較すると、受光エネルギ量は集光レンズ１１の面
積に比例するから、
６ｍ視野のとき／１ｍ視野のとき＝（２．３cm）２／
（１４cm）２＝１／１６００……(6)式
となる。すなわち、１ｍ視野のときの方が６ｍ視
野のときに比べて1600倍のエネルギを受光するこ
とになる。したがつて、受光光学系６の視野角を
制限することによつて受光エネルギが大幅に増大
すること明白である。 Therefore, when comparing the amount of light received by the light receiving element 12 when looking over the entire interior of the furnace with an inner diameter of 6 m as in the conventional example, and when looking over about 1 m as in the present invention, the amount of light received is determined by the area of the condensing lens 11. Since it is proportional to, 6m field of view/1m field of view = (2.3cm) 2 /
(14cm) 2 = 1/1600...Equation (6) is obtained. In other words, 1600 times more energy is received when the field of view is 1 m than when the field of view is 6 m. Therefore, it is clear that by limiting the viewing angle of the light receiving optical system 6, the received light energy is significantly increased.
さらに、集光レンズ１１の視野角が45度の場合
と８度の場合とでは、幾何光学における近軸光線
による近似がはるかに成り立ちやすく、集光レン
ズ１１による収差、すなわち結像した像の歪が少
なくてすむことも明らかである。 Furthermore, when the viewing angle of the condenser lens 11 is 45 degrees and when it is 8 degrees, the approximation by paraxial rays in geometric optics is much easier to achieve, and the aberration caused by the condenser lens 11, that is, the distortion of the formed image. It is also clear that less is required.
なお、上記一実施例では、集光レンズと受光素
子とからなる受光光学系全体を回動させて、制御
駆動系の出力信号によつて反射光の出射角度を求
めたが、集光レンズだけを回動させるともに受光
素子としてたとえばフオトダイオードアレーなど
の多数の受光素子エレメントからなるものを用い
て、反射光の出射角度を求めるようにしてもよ
い。 In the above embodiment, the entire light-receiving optical system consisting of the condenser lens and the light-receiving element was rotated, and the output angle of the reflected light was determined based on the output signal of the control drive system. The output angle of the reflected light may be determined by rotating the light receiving element and using a light receiving element consisting of a large number of light receiving element elements such as a photodiode array.
以上述べたようにこの発明は、被測定面からの
反射光を受光する受光光学系を回動自在に設け、
レーザ光による被測定面の照射点を上記レーザ光
を被測定面に照射させる反射鏡の回転に追尾させ
て回動させるようにしたから、受光光学系を構成
する集光レンズの視野角を小さくすることができ
る。したがつて、上記集光レンズによる収差、す
なわち結像した像の歪を少なくすることができ、
また径の大きな集光レンズを使用して受光光学系
の受光エネルギを増大させることができるから、
これらのことにより被測定面のプロフアイルの測
定精度を向上させることができるという実用上大
きな利点がある。 As described above, the present invention includes a rotatable light-receiving optical system that receives reflected light from a surface to be measured.
Since the irradiation point of the surface to be measured by the laser beam is rotated by tracking the rotation of the reflector that irradiates the surface to be measured with the laser beam, the viewing angle of the condensing lens that constitutes the light receiving optical system can be reduced. can do. Therefore, the aberration caused by the condensing lens, that is, the distortion of the formed image, can be reduced.
In addition, it is possible to increase the light receiving energy of the light receiving optical system by using a condensing lens with a large diameter.
These features have a great practical advantage in that the accuracy of measuring the profile of the surface to be measured can be improved.
図面はこの発明の一実施例を示し、第１図は概
略的構成図、第２図は受光光学系の側面図であ
る。
５……レーザ発振器、６……受光光学系、１１
……集光レンズ、１２……受光素子、Ｌ……レー
ザ光、L1……反射光。
The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, with FIG. 1 being a schematic configuration diagram and FIG. 2 being a side view of a light receiving optical system. 5... Laser oscillator, 6... Light receiving optical system, 11
... Condensing lens, 12 ... Light receiving element, L ... Laser light, L 1 ... Reflected light.
Claims (1)
ーザ発振器から出力されたレーザ光を反射させて
被測定物に照射させる回転反射鏡を回転駆動させ
て上記レーザ光による被測定物の照射位置を変え
るとともにそのときの上記反射鏡の回転角度を出
力する角度エンコーダを備えた回転駆動系と、上
記反射鏡の回転によつて決まる被測定物の照射位
置に追尾させて上記受光光学系を回動させこの受
光光学系に上記被測定物で反射したレーザ光を受
光させる制御駆動系とを具備したことを特徴とす
るプロフアイル測定装置。1. A laser oscillator that outputs a laser beam, and a rotating reflector that reflects the laser beam output from the laser oscillator and irradiates it onto the object to be measured are rotated to change the irradiation position of the object to be measured by the laser beam, and A rotary drive system includes an angle encoder that outputs the rotation angle of the reflecting mirror at that time, and the light receiving optical system is rotated to track the irradiation position of the object determined by the rotation of the reflecting mirror. A profile measuring device characterized in that the light-receiving optical system includes a control drive system for receiving the laser beam reflected by the object to be measured.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP965180A JPS56107108A (en) | 1980-01-30 | 1980-01-30 | Measuring device for profile |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP965180A JPS56107108A (en) | 1980-01-30 | 1980-01-30 | Measuring device for profile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS56107108A JPS56107108A (en) | 1981-08-25 |
| JPS6239682B2 true JPS6239682B2 (en) | 1987-08-25 |
Family
ID=11726110
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP965180A Granted JPS56107108A (en) | 1980-01-30 | 1980-01-30 | Measuring device for profile |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56107108A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4588297A (en) * | 1982-06-14 | 1986-05-13 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Optical profile measuring method |
| JPS6017305A (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1985-01-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Shape sensor head |
| JPH06200309A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-19 | Nippon Steel Corp | Device for measuring profile of inner surface of tapping trough in blast furnace |
| JP2010271275A (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2010-12-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Laser image measuring device |
-
1980
- 1980-01-30 JP JP965180A patent/JPS56107108A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS56107108A (en) | 1981-08-25 |
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