JPS6240028B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a single-person hemodialysis device that can be used for self-managed dialysis in medical facilities such as hospitals, as well as for home dialysis.

[Conventional technology]

With the progress and spread of hemodialysis therapy, the number of patients with chronic renal failure who require long-term dialysis has cumulatively increased, and the cost required for dialysis has also continued to increase. Furthermore, with the current equipment, the attendants such as technicians and nurses are indispensable during dialysis, and as the number of dialysis patients increases, it is becoming difficult to secure these attendants both in terms of quality and quantity. This is becoming a problem. Under such social conditions, patients are still making earnest demands for self-managed dialysis or home dialysis that gives them a sense of purpose and allows them to return to society. In order to meet these demands, it is essential to make advances and improvements on the medical side regarding the basics of dialysis therapy, as well as improvements on equipment that can perform dialysis safely and save labor.

Devices for self-managed dialysis have been developed and improved in the past, but the devices are large and heavy, require special accompanying equipment, or are difficult to operate. Furthermore, it is expensive, etc.
The reality is that its use is not widely used due to several adverse conditions.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

An object of the present invention is to realize a hemodialysis apparatus for self-managed dialysis that is small, simple, inexpensive, and reliable.

[Means to solve the problem]

In the present invention, in order to reduce the size, weight, and material cost of the apparatus, a negative pressure pump is omitted and a positive pressure system is adopted. Furthermore, in order to make the dialysate concentration control unit more compact and highly accurate, the flow rate of purified water was kept constant using a constant flow valve, and the amount of stock solution was automatically controlled using a stock solution pump. Furthermore, the components are made into blocks in order to improve the reliability of the device and facilitate maintenance. In addition, operations are simplified by automating the energization of the heater in dialysis mode, which requires heating, and the rinsing, which does not require heating, even when there is no liquid in the heating tank, and the shutoff of energization to the heater in disinfection mode. In order to do this, an electrode is inserted into the heating tank, and the heater is automatically energized only when the electrode exhibits the electrical conductivity shown when immersed in the dialysate.

[Operation, Examples] The structure and operation of the device of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. The same reference numerals are used for the same parts throughout the figures.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a purified water supply port, 2 is a solenoid valve for injecting purified water, and 3 is a constant flow valve. 4 is a dialysis stock solution (hereinafter referred to as stock solution) supply port, 5 is a stock solution pump, 6 is a mixing section for purified water and stock solution, and an electrode for detecting a concentration signal is attached to control the stock solution pump. A cell 6a for measuring concentration is constructed. Reference numeral 7 denotes a heating tank, and an electrode 20 is attached to the upper part of the heating tank for extracting a liquid detection signal. 8 is a first temperature detection section for controlling the heater 17 of the heating tank 7. 9 is a degassing tank with a built-in conductivity detection electrode.
It communicates with the next second temperature detection section 10 and flow meter 11. Both 12 and 13 are connection ports to the hemodialyzer 44, and are a dialysate delivery port and a waste fluid intake port, respectively. The dialysis waste fluid that has returned to the waste fluid intake port 13 from the hemodialyzer 44 passes through the blood leakage sensor 14 and is discharged out of the device from the discharge port 15. Reference numeral 16 denotes a control section of this device, which contains all the electric circuits.

FIG. 2 shows details of block piping, which is one of the features of the present invention. A is an assembled view, b is an exploded view, and c is an enlarged view of the O-ring seal portion.

The heating tank 7, the mixing section 6 (cell 6a), and the first temperature detection section 8 are all made into blocks, and these blocks are airtightly communicated with each other by an O-ring 21. Designed for ease of disassembly and simplified piping.

FIG. 3 is a piping system diagram of the device 45 of the present invention connected to the hemodialyzer 44, and FIG. 4 is an electrical control circuit diagram of the device of the present invention. Next, the operation of the apparatus of the present invention will be explained with reference to these figures.

When the power switch 22 of this device is turned on, the solenoid valve 2 opens and purified water passes through the constant flow valve 3 and enters the mixing section 6 (cell 6a). On the other hand, the measured concentration signal from the cell 6a enters the pump drive circuit 26, where it is compared with a reference concentration signal preset in this circuit, and the speed of the stock solution pump 5 is controlled according to the difference to mix the stock solution. Section 6, begins to inject into cell 6a. cell 6
As the concentration of a approaches the reference value, the rotational speed of the stock solution pump 5 gradually decreases, and when the reference speed is reached, a constant rotational speed necessary to maintain the concentration is maintained. If the concentration changes for some reason, a difference will occur between the measured concentration signal and the reference concentration signal, which will change the rotational speed of the stock solution pump 5, increasing or decreasing the injection amount of the stock solution, and adjusting the reference concentration. It is starting to return to . Also, depending on the patient, it may be necessary to perform hemodialysis with different concentrations, so a setting switch is installed on the front of the device to change the reference concentration, and the concentration can be adjusted within ±5% of the reference value. , can be easily set in 1% intervals.

The dialysate prepared in the mixing section 6 (cell 6a) is then sent to the heating tank 7. This heating tank 7 is equipped with a heater 17 for preventing emptying, washing with water, and disinfecting.
An electrode 20 is attached as a sensor for turning off the power. This sensor constitutes a kind of conductivity meter, in which the conductivity signal detected by the electrode 20 is preset based on the conductivity signal detected when the electrode 20 is immersed in dialysate. When the temperature exceeds a certain value, the contact 32a is turned on by the relay 32 attached to the heating control circuit 25, which is connected in series with the heater 17. A control signal from the temperature control circuit 24 is applied to the control terminal of the triax 43 through its contacts, and the heater is activated to heat the dialysate to near body temperature. During washing, disinfection, or when there is no liquid in the heating tank, since the conductivity is low, the heating control circuit 25 is activated and the heater is not energized. Therefore, the heater is automatically turned on and off depending on the conditions within the heating tank, simplifying the operation of the apparatus. Bubbles generated by heating the dialysate are removed in the next degassing tank 9. The conductivity of the dialysate is constantly monitored by a conductivity monitoring circuit 30. The dialysate further passes through a second temperature detection section 10 and a flow meter 11 to the hemodialyzer 4.
4. The dialysis waste fluid returned from the hemodialyzer 44 returns to the device through the waste fluid intake port 13, and after the presence or absence of blood leakage is confirmed by the blood leakage sensor 14, it is discharged to the outside of the device through the discharge port 15. . 27 and 28 in FIG. 4 are blood leakage monitoring circuits, respectively;
This is a temperature monitoring circuit. In addition, a venous pressure monitoring circuit 31 is incorporated in this device, so that the pressure of the blood circuit connected to the hemodialyzer 44 can also be monitored.

In other words, as a safety device, the electrical conductivity of the dialysate and the venous pressure of the blood circuit are continuously displayed digitally, and the upper and lower limits can be set digitally to issue sound and light alarms. It is designed to. Regarding temperature, the temperature is continuously indicated digitally and a fixed set point built into the temperature monitoring circuit 28 automatically issues an alarm and shuts off the heater when it reaches 41°C. In addition, an alarm mechanism is built in to prevent blood leakage, ensuring sufficient patient safety during dialysis.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, the device of the present invention has a configuration that detects the dialysate concentration and automatically controls the stock solution pump for the preparation of dialysate, which greatly affects the quality of hemodialysis. can be realized, and the reliability regarding the supply of dialysate at an appropriate concentration can be greatly improved. In addition, by using a special liquid detection system that utilizes differences in conductivity and a heating control system linked to this, switching operations such as dialysis, water washing, and disinfection are greatly simplified compared to conventional products, making it possible to prevent erroneous operation. The risk has been greatly improved. Furthermore, by adopting a positive pressure system in addition to the above, it was possible to realize a small, lightweight, and inexpensive hemodialysis device for self-administered dialysis or home dialysis.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sketch showing the internal structure of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of block piping in the device of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a piping system diagram of the device of the present invention connected to a hemodialyzer. FIG. 4 is the same electrical control circuit diagram. 1... Purified water supply port, 3... Constant flow valve, 4... Raw solution supply port, 5... Raw solution pump, 6... Mixing section, 6a... Cell, 7... Heating tank, 9... Desorption Air tank, 12... Dialysate delivery port, 13... Waste liquid intake port, 14... Blood leakage sensor, 16... Control unit, 17
... Heater, 20 ... Electrode, 24 ... Temperature control circuit, 25 ... Heating control circuit, 26 ... Pump drive circuit, 27 ... Blood leakage monitoring circuit, 28 ... Temperature monitoring circuit, 30 ... Concentration monitoring Circuit, 43... triax, 44... hemodialyzer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Connected to a hemodialyzer, mixes and heats purified water and stock solution, supplies dialysate at a predetermined concentration and temperature to the hemodialyzer, and controls the concentration and temperature of the supplied dialysate as well as the dialysate in the hemodialyzer. A hemodialysis machine that monitors blood leakage to the side and issues an alarm when there is an abnormality, includes a constant flow valve 3 that is connected to a purified water supply port 1 and that always flows a constant flow of purified water, and a stock solution supply port 4.
a undiluted solution pump 5 connected to the undiluted solution pump 5 for pumping the undiluted solution;
A mixing unit 6 that mixes purified water sent from both of these and the raw solution, a heating tank 7 that has a built-in heater 17 that heats the dialysate mixed in the mixing unit 6, and air bubbles from the dialysate heated in the heating tank 7. Deaeration tank 9 excluding
Then, the dialysate degassed in the deaeration tank 9 is transferred to the hemodialyzer 4.
4, a waste fluid intake port 13 that takes in the dialysis waste fluid that comes out from the dialysate fluid exit port 12 and flows back through the hemodialyzer 44, and detects blood in the taken dialysis waste fluid. Blood leakage sensor 1
4, a concentration monitoring circuit 30 that monitors the concentration and outputs an alarm signal; a concentration monitoring circuit 30 that monitors the temperature;
A temperature monitoring circuit 28 that outputs the alarm signal, and a triax 4 connected between the heater 17 and the power source.
A temperature control circuit 24 controls the temperature by sending a control signal to the control terminal 3 and controlling the conduction thereof, and monitors blood leakage based on a signal from the blood leakage sensor 14 and generates an alarm signal. and a cell 6a that outputs an electric signal corresponding to the concentration, and a cell 6a that outputs an electric signal corresponding to the concentration.
By comparing the signal from a and the signal corresponding to a preset concentration, and controlling the stock solution pump 5 according to the difference to increase or decrease the amount of stock solution pumped, The magnitude of the conductivity signal detected by the pump drive circuit 26 that controls the concentration to the set concentration, the setting switch for the set concentration, and the pair of electrodes 20 inserted into the heating tank 7 is determined by the pump drive circuit 26 that controls the concentration to a set concentration. When the conductivity signal is greater than the conductivity signal detected when immersed in the dialysate and less than the conductivity signal detected when immersed in the dialysate, the trial A small-sized hemodialysis apparatus characterized in that a heating control circuit 25 that cuts off the control signal applied to the control terminal of the heater 17 and cuts off the power supply to the heater 17 is integrally provided with the above-mentioned components.