JPS6240638B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

This invention relates to a method of boiling water using exhaust heat from a cooler. Generally, coolers repeatedly compress refrigerant gas with a compressor, radiate heat and condense it in the compressor, evaporate it in an evaporator, cool the atmosphere, and absorb heat. Air-cooled systems use a condenser to take in outside air and radiate heat, while water-cooled systems condense gas by exchanging heat with cooling water sent to the condenser. The condensing temperature for ordinary coolers is 15 degrees Celsius above atmospheric temperature for air-cooled coolers, and 10 degrees Celsius above atmospheric temperature for water-cooled coolers. In summer in Japan, the atmospheric temperature is 33°C, so the condensing temperature of the water cooler is 43°C. In fact, condensation at 43℃ is said to be the most efficient. Water-cooled coolers usually use a cooling tower. The reason for this is to save water by using it repeatedly. When using a cooling tower, the water cooler has a condenser inlet water temperature of 33°C and an outlet water temperature of 38°C.
℃, and the gas condensation temperature is 43℃. The 5°C temperature increase caused by this condenser is radiated into the atmosphere by a cooling tower. Therefore, the cooling water circulation pipe of a water-cooled cooler always has a valve to adjust the water volume and temperature. If the amount of water is too low, the cooling tower will not be able to dissipate the necessary calories, and if the amount of water is too large, the water temperature will drop too much and the gas temperature will also drop, reducing the efficiency of the cooler. The amount of cooling water and water temperature when using a cooling tower in this water-cooled cooler have long been determined through experiments to achieve the aforementioned gas condensation temperature of 43°C. Therefore, when this cooling water enters the condenser, it is set at 33°C, which is the same as the atmospheric temperature. Currently, fluorocarbon gas is generally used as a refrigerant. Types of fluorocarbon gas are R22, R12, R11,
There are R113 and other types, but R22 is often used in regular coolers. In a water cooler using R22, the highest efficiency is achieved at a condensing pressure and temperature of 16.8 Kg/cm ² and 43°C, and an evaporation pressure and temperature of 3.8 Kg/cm ² and 5°C. This evaporation temperature of 5° C. is the evaporator outlet temperature, and the blowing temperature from the expansion valve is relatively low. The amount of heat dissipated in the cooling tower is extremely large, approximately 3000 Kcal/h per 1 HP of the cooler. If this heat radiation calories can be extracted as high-temperature water, hot water can be supplied free of charge when using a cooler, and waste heat pollution caused by hot air can be eliminated. In addition, if the necessary hot water can be obtained even when the air conditioner is not in use, compared to electric heaters, COP3
As a result, the heat output is more than tripled, resulting in significant energy savings and can be used as a pollution-free energy source. However, when using current cooling towers, chemicals are added to the cooling water to prevent water algae from adhering to it and breeding various bacteria, so that water cannot be used. Therefore, the water temperature is often adjusted to 38℃ and used without adding any chemicals. Therefore, in order to recover the amount of heat dissipated by the cooling tower, an experiment was conducted in which the cooling tower fan was turned off and the cooling water was continued to circulate to extract high-temperature water. However, while the water temperature rises, the gas pressure suddenly rises, causing the gas to become saturated and the cooler to shut down. For this reason, there are cases where valves are adjusted to reduce the amount of circulating water. In this case, the water temperature rises somewhat, but the amount of heat dissipated by the cooling tower is insufficient, and the gas becomes completely condensed, the cooling capacity decreases, and the current value increases due to the saturated gas. Generally, to extract hot water from a cooler, a single pass of water is used. This is done by flowing as little water as possible through the condenser at a low speed to generate heat (hot water).
This is a method to extract the . This is natural if the supply of heat is constant, and is widely used, including gas instantaneous water heaters. When hot water is taken out, the temperature difference between the condenser outlet and inlet increases by 15 degrees Celsius when water is passed through once. this
A rise of 15°C is the optimal value when taking out hot water in one pass. From this, if the temperature difference is small, the temperature of the water taken out will be low, and if the temperature difference is larger than this, the refrigerant will become saturated. If the temperature rises by 15 degrees Celsius, the tap water temperature in summer would be around 25 degrees Celsius, and since hot water of 40 degrees Celsius can be extracted, it can be used for baths by reheating the water a little. For this reason, there is a standard for the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the condenser of a cooler: 15 degrees Celsius when hot water is taken out, and 5 degrees Celsius when using a cooling tower. An experiment was conducted to investigate the difference in water temperature and amount of water caused by this one-time water flow, and the condition of the cooler at that time. Cooler capacity: 2240 (Kcal/h), refrigerant: Freon gas R22, outside temperature: 33°C, water temperature 25°C, the vertical axis shows temperature and pressure changes due to temperature difference, and the horizontal axis shows measurement items. Explanation of symbols To-Ti: Temperature difference between condenser outlet and inlet (°C), Q: Water amount (l/min), To: Take-out water temperature (°C), T _c : Condensing temperature (°C), T ₂ : When hot water is taken out Discharge gas temperature (℃), P ₂ : Condensation pressure (Kg/
cm ² ), P ₁ : Evaporation pressure (Kg/cm ² ), Tf: Evaporator suction/output temperature difference (°C) Table 1 shows the measured values.

【table】

[Table] As shown in Table 1, To-Ti is 43 with a difference of 9℃.
℃ condensation is the most efficient; with a difference of 15℃, hot water of 40℃ can be extracted, but the condensation pressure and temperature are 22.5Kg/cm ² , 55
℃, the refrigerant gas is half saturated, and the safety device installed in normal coolers is on the verge of tripping and shutting down the cooler, reducing its cooling capacity by half. In this way, with a general cooler, the maximum difference in hot water that can be taken out once water is passed is 15 degrees Celsius. Therefore, in order to prevent this decrease in cooling capacity and to further widen the temperature difference, research is being conducted on a method of installing a secondary heat exchanger to condense the saturated gas. Generally conducted research involves installing a small water-cooled heat exchanger near the compressor, exchanging heat at the point where the discharge gas temperature is highest, obtaining a small amount of hot water, and then using the gas in a regular compressor. It is condensed. All methods aim to obtain high temperature water without increasing the condensation temperature. There is a chiller in the heat pump to obtain hot water. First, the gas is highly compressed using a compressor, the temperature of the discharged gas is raised, and the gas is sent to a condenser, and once water is passed through it, hot water is extracted. Therefore, the refrigerant gas does not condense sufficiently, so a check valve is installed to send only the condensed refrigerant gas to the evaporator, and the uncondensed refrigerant gas is sent to the secondary heat exchanger, where it is condensed and sent to the evaporator. is being sent to. Even with this, during normal operation, the hot water taken out is
The limit is around 45℃. Here is a summary of what is generally said about water coolers: 1 The cooler has a wall with a condensing temperature of 43℃, which is related to the atmospheric temperature. 2. If the amount of circulating water is increased, the efficiency of the cooler will decrease. 3. To raise the temperature of the water you take out, run a small amount of water at a low speed. 4 Similarly, to raise the water temperature, compress it to a high degree with a compressor and raise the gas temperature. Think about these things. 1. In regions (foreign countries) where the atmospheric temperature is high, the performance of the cooler does not deteriorate even if the condensing temperature is high. Even in this case, a cooling tower is required and the cooling water is related to the ambient temperature. 2. If you use a cooling tower to increase the amount of water, the water temperature will drop, and at the same time the gas temperature will also drop, reducing the efficiency of the cooler. 3 On the other hand, in order to extract high-temperature water from the exhaust heat of the cooler, it is first necessary to improve heat exchange and completely condense the gas before raising the water temperature. 4 Looking at Table 1, when hot water of 40°C is obtained with a difference of 15°C, the condensation temperature Tc is 55°C. Like this,
The gas temperature will rise even if it is not strongly compressed with a compressor. Now, look carefully at Table 1. When To−Ti=15℃, Ti: 25℃, To: 40℃,
_Tc : 55°C, _Tc -To is 15°C. To−
When Ti=5℃, Ti: 25℃, To: 30℃, T _c : 35
℃, and T _c -To is 5℃. When the amount of water is large, the temperature difference in T _c -To becomes small and the gas becomes stable. In order to increase the amount of water and raise the water temperature, it is necessary to circulate the water. However, even if the cooling tower fan is turned off and the gas circulates, the gas quickly becomes saturated. It is necessary to slow the rise in temperature of the water entering the condenser to allow time for the gas to condense. To achieve this, a water tank is installed to store a certain amount of water, and the water that rises from the condenser is mixed with the water in the tank, thereby slowing down the rate at which the water temperature rises. If T _c −To is further reduced, the gas becomes stable. If we do this, there is a possibility that the water temperature can approach _Tc : 55℃. Based on this idea, we installed a water tank and used a pipe with a water pump and valve to circulate cooling water between the condenser and the water tank. This is the same equipment and capacity as the cooler used in the experiment shown in Table 1. The capacity of the water tank is 30L, and the water pump is
0.25Kw, usually for 3PH. The experimental results at an atmospheric temperature of 33°C were as follows. When I adjusted the amount of 25°C water so that it rose by 15°C, stored 40°C hot water in a tank, and circulated the same amount of 40°C water in the tank, the gas was immediately saturated and the cooler stopped. . Next, 40°C hot water was stored in a tank and circulated with the valve fully open. The amount of water at this time was more than three times the 15°C rise. Then the water temperature rose to 50℃. At this time, the gas condensation pressure and temperature are 22.5Kg/
cm ² and 55°C, maintaining the conventional cooling capacity with almost no change. So, when we increased the amount of water from the beginning and circulated water at 25℃, we were able to get hot water at 50℃.
The performance of the cooler did not deteriorate. Until now, there was no concept of forcing water circulation and extracting high-temperature water. In other words, the condensation temperature was set at 43 degrees Celsius, and it was considered impossible to exceed this temperature and therefore pointless. Therefore, when a water pump was installed in a designated cooler to force circulation, pressure loss inside the compressor became a problem, and the condenser had to be replaced. Here, an experiment was conducted in which a water tank of the present invention was installed and a large amount of water was forced to circulate. An embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. The refrigerant gas circulation system is the same as a normal cooler and consists of a compressor 11, a condenser 12, an expansion valve 14, and an evaporator 13, and the high pressure side is connected by a gas pipe 20 and the low pressure side is connected by a gas pipe 21. A liquid level gauge 15 is installed between the condenser 12 and the expansion valve 14. For the cooling water system, a circulating water tank 16 is installed,
Water is sent to the condenser 12 by the water pump 17 through the water pipe 22, and the water outlet of the condenser 12 and the water tank 16 are connected to the water pipe 22.
The water in the water tank 16 is connected to the condenser 1.
2. A water valve 18 and subsequently a water flow meter 19 are installed between the water pump 17 and the condenser 12. Hot water outlet 25 on the pipe returning to the water tank,
Attach the temperature sensing valve 26. A water pipe 23 is attached to the top of the water tank, and a float 24 is attached to the tip thereof, and water is replenished when the water level 27 falls. The measuring instruments are compressor 11 and condenser 1.
A thermometer 32 is attached to the gas pipe between the two to measure the temperature of the discharged gas. Pressure gauge 2 between condenser 12 and expansion valve 14
8. Attach a thermometer 30 and measure the condensation pressure and temperature. A pressure gauge 29 and a thermometer 31 are attached between the evaporator 13 and the compressor 11 to measure the evaporation pressure and temperature. On the water side, there is a thermometer 33 on the condenser inlet pipe.
Thermometer 34 on the outlet pipe, Thermometer 35 on the water tank
Add. As in the previous experiment, the heating capacity was 2240 Kcal/h (approximately 1
PH) cooler, water pump 0.25Kw (for 3PH), water volume in the tank 30, and outside temperature 33℃. The amount of circulating water is 2.48 for a 15℃ rise in water flow once.
/min, so 9.33 which is 3.76 times that.
/min. This amount of water is 4°C when expressed as the temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the condenser. Water at a temperature of 25°C enters the condenser, exchanges heat with the gas, raises the water temperature by 4°C, returns to the water tank, and gradually increases the water temperature in the water tank. The time point when the condenser inlet water temperature rose by 4°C was expressed as the number of cycles. Explanation of symbols Ti: Condenser inlet water temperature (℃), To: Condenser outlet water temperature (takeout water temperature) (℃), T _c : Condensed gas temperature (℃), T ₂ : Discharge gas temperature (℃), P ₂
Gas high pressure (Kg/cm ² ), P ₁ gas low pressure, (Kg/cm ² ). Table 2 shows the experimental results.

[Table] From Table 2, take out water temperature 41℃, condensed gas temperature
The cooler is working normally at 45℃. If hot water at 41°C is taken out at 2.33/min and the same amount of water at 25°C is replenished, stable operation is possible with the condensed gas temperature at 45°C. Comparing Tables 1 and 2, in Table 1, the temperature of the extracted water is 40°C and the gas condensation temperature is 55°C. In Table 2, the temperature of the water taken out is 41℃, and the gas condensation temperature is
It is 45℃. The water temperature taken out is almost the same, but the gas temperature is
The temperature is 10°C lower, so the condensation pressure is also lower, and the gas is stable without becoming saturated. We also conducted an experiment in which we increased the amount of circulating water, operated the system for a long time, and extracted high-temperature water. The experiment was conducted using the same cooler as last time (2240Kcal/h)
, and the other conditions are the same. Circulating water volume is 12.5
/min. This amount of water is 5 times higher than the 15℃ increase in water per flow, and the temperature difference between the condenser outlet and inlet is 3℃.
become. Table 3 shows the experimental results.

[Table] After 10 cycles in this way, the cooler is operating normally even when the temperature of the water coming out of the condenser is 55℃. The refrigerant was completely condensed even at a condensed gas temperature of 58°C and a pressure of 23.9Kg/cm ² . The liquid has liquefied so that not a single bubble can be seen when viewed from the liquid level gauge. The evaporation pressure P ₁ has also increased, and the performance of the cooler has not deteriorated. When the safety device was removed and circulation continued, the performance of the cooler decreased, but the temperature of the water taken out reached 65°C. Furthermore, an experiment was conducted by increasing the amount of circulating water, but the refrigerant condensed while drawing high-temperature water. It was found that by increasing the amount of circulating water, there was no problem with high-temperature condensation, and in fact, it became easier to condense. Next, we will show the results of tests conducted at the Osaka Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Institute regarding the present invention, the "method for boiling water using exhaust heat from a cooler." The cooler used had a heating capacity of 3300 Kcal/h (1.1 PH). The capacitor is 4000Kcal/h and 9000Kcal/
h were used by connecting them in series. The water pump is 1PH, and the refrigerant is CFC gas R22. The circulating water rate is 3.66/min when the temperature rises by 15℃, so it was set at 13.3/min, which is 3.6 times that amount. This amount of water is based on the predicted temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the condenser of approximately 4.1℃. In the water tank
20 hours of water at 26.6℃ was added. After running the cooler and water pump at the same time, 1
Measurements were taken every 1 minute to 14 minutes. A CC thermocouple thermometer was used to measure the temperature at each point, an oval flowmeter was used to measure the amount of circulating water, a Bourdon tube pressure gauge was used to measure the pressure, and a clamp-type ammeter was used to measure the current value. Explanation of symbols T ₁ : Outside air temperature (℃), T ₂ : Evaporator suction temperature (℃), T ₃ : Evaporator outlet temperature (℃),
T ₄ : Water temperature entering the condenser (℃), T ₅ : Water temperature leaving the condenser (℃), T ₆ : Water tank temperature (℃), P ₁ : Evaporation pressure (Kg/cm ² ), P ₂ : Condensing pressure (Kg/cm ² ), A: Cooler current value (A), T ₅ −
T ₆ : Compressor inlet/outlet temperature difference (°C) Table 4 shows the test data.

[Table] As is clear from Table 4, after 14 minutes, the temperature T ₆ inside the circulation tank reached 53.6°C. The temperature of the water coming out of the condenser, _T5 , is 57.5℃.
It is. This water temperature is sufficient to provide hot water without reheating. Moreover, the temperature difference between the intake and outlet of the evaporator,
T ₃ −T ₂ is always close to 10°C, which is sufficient for the effectiveness of the cooler. The outside air temperature at this time is approximately 22°C, and the intake temperature is also the same. 26.6 after absorbing heat from the atmosphere at 22℃
Water at ℃ has become 57.3℃. This proves that hot water can be supplied using waste heat when the cooler is in use, and that hot water can be supplied by absorbing heat from the atmosphere even when air conditioning is not needed. At this time, the current value A increases as the water temperature rises because as the condensing pressure increases, the gas flow rate increases and the load on the compressor increases.If the expansion valve is adjusted, this current value can be lowered. Based on this test result, the Osaka Prefectural Institute of Industrial Technology conducted a "research on the practical application of a hot water supply system that utilizes the exhaust heat of coolers," and carried out research and experiments to clarify everything, including equipment capacity and circulating water volume. . Some of the results of this experiment are shown below. The equipment capacity was assembled based on the commonly used water cooler 5PH, 15,000Kcal/h. Compressor 15000Kcal/h, condenser
15000Kcal/h x 2, evaporator 15000Kcal/h. The configuration is the same as in Figure 1, except that two condensers are installed to allow a large amount of water to flow and improve heat exchange. The refrigerant gas was connected in series, and the cooling water was connected in parallel. The cooling water circuit was divided into two, connected to both condensers, and the water from the condensers was combined. This confluence point becomes the water temperature at the outlet of the condenser. In this case, a single large condenser would be sufficient for heat exchange, but this was done in order to elucidate the conditions under which the cooler operates by extracting high-temperature water. The amount of circulating water is 16.6 with a 15℃ rise in one water flow.
/min, so we set it to 62.5, which is 3.76 times that. This means that the temperature difference between the condenser outlet and inlet is 4℃.
It was set to The refrigerant is Freon gas R22. In the test, 200 times of 13.4℃ water was poured into a water tank.
The following items were measured for the elapsed time when the cooler and water pump were operated at the same time. Note that the measuring equipment was the same as in the previous test, shown in Table 4. The symbols used are as follows. T _a : Outside air temperature (°C), T _s : Evaporator suction temperature (°C), T _b : Evaporator outlet temperature (°C), T _s −
T _b : Evaporator suction/outlet temperature difference (℃), T
_g : Compressor discharge gas temperature (℃), _Tc1 : Water temperature entering the condenser (℃), _Tc2 : Water temperature at the outlet of the first condenser, _Tc2 - _Tc1 : Difference in water temperature between the outlet and the inlet of the first condenser (℃), T _c3 : Water temperature at the outlet of the second condenser (°C), T _c3 - _{T c1} : Difference in water temperature between the outlet and inlet of the second condenser (°C), T _u : Combined water temperature at the output of the first and second condensers (take-out water temperature) ( ℃), T _u
-T _c1 : Temperature difference at the entrance and exit of the condenser (°C). G
_h : Condensation pressure (Kg/ ^cm2 ), _G1 : Evaporation pressure (Kg/cm2)
^cm2 ). A: Current value (A). Table 5 shows the test values.

[Table] As shown in Table 5, even though the temperature of the water has risen to 50°C or higher, the evaporator's suction/outlet temperature difference T _s - T _b always remains at 12°C or higher, and the cooler shows no abnormalities. It is being driven without any problems. The movement of this cooler is shown in Figure 2, top and bottom. Looking at the top of FIG. 2, T _u and G _h increase with elapsed time, but T _s -T _b and A do not change much. There is almost no difference in _G1 . In the lower part of FIG. 2, it can be seen that the T _g gas discharge temperature increases in parallel with the increase in T _c , that is, the water temperature. In such commonly used equipment,
It turned out that it can be used as a cooler while obtaining high temperature water. A portion of the Osaka Prefectural Institute of Industrial Technology's report on the "Research on the practical application of a hot water supply system using exhaust heat from a cooler" of the present invention is shown below. Status of continuous hot water withdrawal (tank capacity 200, circulating water amount 55/min) Tu
Table 3 and FIG. 5 show the experimental results regarding the elapsed time from the stable state of ≒53°C. To take out hot water, we took out a portion of the hot water that returned to the circulation tank, and replenished it with tap water using a ball tap. According to Table 3 and Figure 5, while the supplied water temperature is 10.6°C, the taken-out water temperature Tu is stable (53.4°C on average). Also, the Tv was high at 9.5℃, indicating that the cooler was working properly. ” In this way, it has been reported that the entire amount of radiated calories can be extracted with hot water at 53°C while the cooler is operating normally. This Table 3 is shown in Table 6 of the main text. The symbols are the same as in Table 5, but new symbols are added. T _u : Supply water temperature (°C), T _g i : Gas temperature out of the first condenser (°C), T _g o : Gas temperature out of the second condenser (°C), T _v evaporator outlet gas temperature (evaporation temperature) (°C), T _cp : Compressor inlet gas temperature (°C).

[Table] As shown in Table 6, while taking out hot water at 53.4°C, the difference in temperature between the suction and outlet temperatures of the evaporator, T _s − T _{b ,} was in the 13°C range, indicating that there was no abnormality as a cooler. has been done. The difference between the take-out water temperature and the supply water temperature at this time, T _u
-T _w is 42.8°C. Figure 5 in this report is shown at the top and bottom of Figure 3. In the above diagram, the difference between T _u and T _w is large, but T _s
-T _b is found to be stable. Looking at the diagram below, the gas temperature and water temperature are high, but T _v is the ideal temperature and is a straight line. The circulating water flow rate of 55/min in this experiment was more than three times the water flow rate of 16.6/min with a rise of 15°C, and the condenser inlet/outlet temperature difference T _u -T _c1 was 4.92°C on average. The research at this time investigated the effect of the amount of water in the water tank, and found that with a 5PH cooler, if it was 70 or higher, high-temperature water could be obtained. as an ideal
170 was reported. It was concluded that 30 to 35 per PH is the appropriate amount. Reports and data on the amount of circulating water, which was particularly important in this study, are shown below. “Influence of Circulating Water Volume (Tank Capacity 200)” Table 8 and Figure ₉ show the experimental results when the circulating water volume was varied from 30 _to 130/min. However, as the amount of circulating water increases, the refrigerant is more likely to liquefy, and therefore hot water can be obtained with a lower pressure of G _h . For example, at a circulating water amount of 30/min, G _h is 24.5
Kg/cm ² and (T _u −T _c1 ) is 7.8°C. When the circulating water flow is 130/min, G _h is 23.2
Kg/cm ² and (T _u −T _c1 ) is 1.9°C. From this point, it can be seen that (T _u −T _c1 ) is preferably within 2.4° C. and the circulating water amount is 100 to 120/min. The above was also evident from the liquid level gauge attached to the cooler. ” It is reported like this. Table 7 shows Table 8 in this text.

[Table] As shown in Table 7, the experimental results at the Osaka Prefectural Institute of Industrial Technology show that the heating capacity
Circulating water volume in 15000Kcal/h cooler: 30
/min, condenser inlet and outlet temperature difference (T _u −T _c
1 ) It was possible to obtain high temperature water even if the temperature was expanded to 7.8℃. And the amount of water in the tank 200 in Table 6
At a circulating water rate of 55/min, complete condensation was always achieved under any conditions, giving the same results. It is also reported that "the amount of water is desirable so that T _u - T _c1 is within 2.4°C." Experimental results when this T _u -T _c1 is small are shown. It absorbs heat when the outside temperature is less than 20℃,
It is in a state where hot water of 52.5℃ is taken out. Set the circulating water flow rate to 120/min and reduce the water volume in the tank.
130 to 190 with various changes. Table 8 shows the data.

[Table] This lowers the evaporation temperature by reducing the amount of gas, resulting in a decrease in heating calories and current value A. T _u −T _c1 at this time is 1.5 to 1.6°C. Also, when changing the type of gas to obtain hot water at 70℃ to 80℃, the amount of circulating water can be increased to increase T _u −T _c1 .
It was also found that the gas is more stable if the temperature is kept within 2.4℃. The heat exchange state of the refrigerant gas when the amount of circulating water is increased and the water flow rate is increased will be discussed from Table 7. Table 9 shows the numerical values. Tx: Heat exchange rate of the first condenser, Ti: Heat exchange rate of the second condenser.

【table】

[Table] At the heat exchange rate of the first condenser, the amount of circulating water is 30
/min, it is 57%, but at 90/min, it is 70℃
The heat exchange rate is improved by 30% compared to the former.
At 100/min or more where T _u -T _c1 is within 2.4°C, Tx is stable at 74% or more. In this way, the numerical values show that as the amount of circulating water increases, the refrigerant is more likely to liquefy. This research also demonstrated that when the amount of circulating water falls below a certain value, the refrigerant does not condense at high temperatures, even under the same equipment conditions. In any case, it is impossible to obtain high-temperature water using waste heat while the cooler is operating normally by increasing the temperature difference in one pass and increasing the water temperature. This cannot be done even if the cooling water is circulated. Install a water tank to store a certain amount of water, and make the water pump powerful so that the amount of water rises by 15 degrees Celsius in one pass, and the water temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the condenser is within 5 degrees Celsius. This proved that forced circulation was necessary. A study conducted at the Osaka Prefectural Institute of Industrial Technology on the practical application of a hot water supply system that utilizes the exhaust heat of coolers concluded that the system is fully capable of practical application. Additionally, coolers that can extract high-temperature water using this waste heat are actually in use and are operating without any abnormalities. Here, we will discuss ordinary coolers, coolers that obtain hot water with a single pass of water, coolers that attempt to obtain hot water by circulating a small amount of water, and coolers that obtain hot water by increasing the amount of circulating water and raising the condensing temperature. The state will be explained using a Mollier diagram. The change in the state of the refrigerant in a compression heat pump is due to the pressure -
It is represented by an enthalpy diagram, that is, a Mollier diagram. It is a graph with enthalpy per unit weight of refrigerant on the horizontal axis and pressure P on the vertical axis,
The diagonal curve l on the left side is the saturated liquid line, and the nearly vertical curve m on the right side is the saturated vapor line. The left side of the saturated liquid line l is the liquid L area, and the right side of the saturated vapor line m is the superheated steam G area.
This is the area of The inside of curves l and m is the area of wet steam E. The refrigeration cycles on the Mollier diagram are 1, 2, 3,
It is represented by 4 lines. 1-2 is compression, 2-3 is condensation, 3-4 is expansion, and 4-1 is evaporation. That is, 2
-3 is the line of condensation pressure and temperature, and 4-1 is the line of evaporation pressure and temperature. To put it simply, wet steam 1 is compressed by a compressor, reaches a high temperature, and reaches point 2, where it exchanges heat with a condenser between points 2 and 3, condenses, crosses the saturated liquid line l, and reaches point L.
The point where it exits the condenser is 3, and the pressure at that point is P ₂ . The condensed refrigerant gas passes through the expansion valve and evaporates, reducing the pressure and temperature to P ₁ , which is point 4. 4-1, it evaporates, cooling the atmosphere and absorbing heat. The heat absorbed by evaporation and the mechanical heat generated by the compressor are radiated between 2 and 3. Figure 4 shows the condition of a normal cooler. In the summer, coolers using fluorocarbon gas R22,
Condensation pressure, temperature is 16.8Kg/cm ² , 43℃, evaporation pressure,
The temperature is 3.8Kg/cm ² and 5°C, and it operates at approximately constant values. Figure 5 shows the situation when the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the condenser of the cooler from which hot water is taken out is 15°C after water is passed once. As shown in Table 1, water at 25℃
When passing through a condenser with a 15°C rise, the hot water taken out is 40°C, but the gas condensation temperature is 55°C. Since the amount of water is small and the flow rate is slow, heat exchange becomes insufficient, the refrigerant does not condense and only the gas temperature becomes high, and the condensation line 2-3 moves upward and does not reach the saturated liquid line 1. As the condensation line 2-3 becomes shorter, the evaporation line 4-1 also becomes shorter, and the performance of the cooler decreases. FIG. 6 shows a state in which the cooling tower is removed and a water tank is installed to circulate a small amount of water. It operates as a cooler until the gas condensation temperature reaches about 43°C, but as the circulation continues, the water temperature rises somewhat, but the gas does not condense and the condensation line 2-3 does not reach the saturated liquid line 1. If the circulation continues as it is, the amount of uncondensed gas will gradually increase, the gas will become saturated and circulate throughout the cooler, and the gas temperature will rise faster than the water temperature. The condensation line 2-3 becomes shorter, the evaporation line also becomes shorter, and the performance of the cooler decreases. Eventually, due to the saturated gas, the pressure suddenly increases and the cooler stops. Figure 7 shows the state of the present invention when a circulating water tank is installed to store a certain amount of water, and more than three times the amount of water is forced to circulate so that the temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the condenser is 15°C. Expressed in Let's read Table 5 and Figure 2 from the top and bottom. The 13.4°C water poured into the circulation water tank is sent to the condenser by a water pump. Heat is exchanged with the gas temperature T _g 48.1℃ discharged from the compressor. Water at 13.4°C rises to 19.2°C and leaves the condenser. Gas is 11.8Kg/cm ² in a condenser
condenses, passes through an expansion valve and enters the evaporator.
Evaporates at 4.5Kg/ ^cm2 . The 19.2°C water returns to the water tank, mixes with the water in the tank, and flows approximately every second.
It rises at a rate of 0.02℃ and enters the condenser.
Then, as the water temperature rises, the discharge gas temperature T _g
Similarly, the temperature rises at a rate of about 0.02℃ per second, and the condensing pressure and temperature also rise at the same rate. This will continue to rise as time goes on. In contrast, the increase in evaporation pressure is slight.
Condensation above 43℃ is impossible with a normal cooler, but with the method of the present invention, the amount of water is large and the water flow rate is high, so heat exchange is sufficient, and the cooling water absorbs all of the heat released by the refrigerant gas. It is absorbed and completely condenses even at high temperatures, liquefying so that not a single bubble can be seen when measured with a liquid level gauge. The water used for heat exchange to condense the fluorocarbon gas does not have to be cooled in a cooling tower, but rather by rapidly flowing a large amount of hot water to improve heat exchange.
It has been found that all that is required is for the hot water to absorb the entire amount of heat dissipated by the gas, and for the hot water to rise further by that amount of heat. With this method, when you run the cooler, you will get 50
The evaporator can sufficiently cool the water while obtaining hot water exceeding ℃. Table 5, FIG. 2 When the vertical movement of FIG. 2 is expressed on a Mollier diagram for each elapsed time, it becomes FIG. 7. In this way, cycles 1, 2, 3, and 4 of compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation
is not a constant value, and the adiabatic compression line and isothermal expansion line extend upward. That is, although the upward movement of the evaporation line 4-1 is slight, the condensation line 2-3 moves upward as time passes. Since condensation is always complete, the condensation line 2-3 is definitely the saturated liquid line l.
has reached the liquid L region. Therefore, the evaporation line 4-1 does not become short, but completely evaporates and reaches the saturated vapor line m. Here, we will observe the state of refrigerant gas when it is completely condensed at high pressure and high temperature according to the present invention. When the cooling water absorbs the entire amount of heat dissipated as in this invention, it condenses until it becomes colorless and transparent when viewed from a level gauge. Refrigerant gas that has been completely condensed in this manner will completely evaporate under any conditions. The condition of the cooler changes depending on the refrigerant gas flow rate, evaporation pressure, and evaporation temperature in the evaporator. For example, if the gas flow rate passing through the expansion valve is large, the evaporation pressure and temperature will increase, and if the gas flow rate is small, the evaporation pressure and temperature will decrease. Therefore, the evaporation pressure and temperature can be freely changed by operating the expansion valve. Even if the gas is condensed at high pressure and high temperature, reducing the gas flow rate will lower the pressure and temperature. In other words, even if the gas condensation temperature and the extraction water temperature are increased, the refrigeration capacity is not reduced by lowering the evaporation temperature. This is why the cooler according to the invention can provide the necessary hot water even in winter. Even if the type of refrigerant gas changes, the operation of the cooler remains the same. Next, let's examine how the compressor works. Generally speaking, it was believed that the higher the pressure, the higher the power consumption of a cooler. It can be seen that in the present invention, hot water stored in a water tank circulates and comes into contact with gas, thereby raising the gas temperature and creating a high pressure, so that no extra burden is placed on the compressor. This is shown in Table 5 and 2.
This is proven from the top and bottom of the figure. The current value A remains stable even if the high pressure G _h and the taken-out water temperature T _u increase. Even if the gas and water temperatures rise, the mechanical heat generated by the compressor remains constant, and the current value is proportional to the gas flow rate operated by the expansion valve. At this point, I would like to draw your attention to Table 6 and the top and bottom of Figure 3. In this state, the entire amount of heat released is extracted by using high-temperature water (53.4°C on average) for continuous operation. When the gas coming out of the compressor comes into contact with hot water in the condenser, it becomes high pressure and high temperature, raising the average temperature of 48.5°C to 53.4°C, dissipating heat and completely condensing it. With this invention, even coolers that were previously affected by atmospheric temperature can extract high-temperature water using waste heat during cooling, and the performance of the cooler does not deteriorate. Even when the air conditioner is not in use, hot water can be supplied by absorbing heat from the atmosphere. In addition, when the water temperature exceeds 50℃, there is almost no occurrence of water algae or bacteria. This is a useful invention that saves both fuel and water.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the system of the cooler of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the cooler of the present invention, Table 5, and rising states of water temperature and gas temperature. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the condition of the cooler of the present invention, Table 6, and continuous extraction of hot water. Figure 4 is an enthalpy and pressure diagram showing the movement of a normal cooler. Figure 5 is an enthalpy and pressure diagram showing the movement of a cooler that takes out hot water when the water temperature rises by 15 degrees Celsius in one pass. Figure 6 is an enthalpy and pressure diagram showing the movement of a cooler that circulates a small amount of cooling water. Figure 7 shows the results of the present invention when a water tank is installed to store a certain amount of water and a large amount of cooling water is forcedly circulated.
Enthalpy and pressure diagram showing the movement of the cooler. 11...Compressor, 12...Condenser,
13... Evaporator, 14... Expansion valve, 15... Liquid level gauge, 1
6...Water tank, 17...Water pump, 18...Water valve, 19...Water flow meter, 20...High pressure gas pipe, 2
1...Low pressure gas pipe, 22...Water pipe, 23...Water pipe, 24...Float pot, 25...Water outlet,
26...Temperature sensing valve, 27...Water surface, 28...High pressure side gas pressure gauge, 29...Low pressure side gas pressure gauge, 30...
Condenser side gas thermometer, 31...Evaporator side gas thermometer, 32...Discharge gas thermometer, 33...Condenser inlet water thermometer, 34...Condenser outlet water thermometer, 35...Water tank internal thermometer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 In a water-cooled cooler that is composed of a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator and supplies cooling water to the condenser, the cooling water stored in the water tank is measured at the inlet temperature (Ti) and outlet temperature (To) of the condenser. 3 of the amount of water that has a temperature difference of 15℃ with
A method of boiling water that uses the exhaust heat of the cooler, which uses a water pump to forcibly circulate cooling water between the condenser and the water tank.