JPS6244824B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6244824B2 JPS6244824B2 JP56092859A JP9285981A JPS6244824B2 JP S6244824 B2 JPS6244824 B2 JP S6244824B2 JP 56092859 A JP56092859 A JP 56092859A JP 9285981 A JP9285981 A JP 9285981A JP S6244824 B2 JPS6244824 B2 JP S6244824B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- phototransistor
- layer
- conductivity type
- base region
- conductive layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F30/00—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors
- H10F30/20—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H10F30/21—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H10F30/24—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only two potential barriers, e.g. bipolar phototransistors
- H10F30/245—Bipolar phototransistors
Landscapes
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は、プレーナ形PIN構造を有するフオ
トトランジスタに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a phototransistor having a planar PIN structure.
一般に、この種のフオトトランジスタの応答周
波数は次式(1)で表わされる。 Generally, the response frequency of this type of phototransistor is expressed by the following equation (1).
1/2π3dB=(1/2πT+CcRL)Go+τ〓(1
)
ここに、3dB
:3dB減衰時の周波数(応答周波数)T
:トランジスタの利得帯域幅積
Cc:コレクタ容量
RL:負荷抵抗
Go:フオトダイオード光電流に対するフオトト
ランジスタ出力電流の利得
τ〓:フオトダイオード拡散電流成分による遅れ
時間
である。式(1)の右辺第2項のτ〓は、フオトダイ
オードの拡散電流成分による遅れ時間であり、こ
れはフオトトランジスタの応答周波数を低下させ
る。1/2π 3dB = (1/2π T +CcRL)Go+τ〓(1
) Here, 3dB : Frequency at 3dB attenuation (response frequency) T : Gain bandwidth product of transistor Cc: Collector capacitance RL: Load resistance Go: Gain of phototransistor output current with respect to photodiode photocurrent τ: Photodiode diffusion This is the delay time due to the current component. The second term on the right side of equation (1), τ, is a delay time due to the diffusion current component of the photodiode, which lowers the response frequency of the phototransistor.
一方、(1)式におけるTはコレクタ電流依存性
をもち、広い電流範囲にわたつてTを大きくす
るためにはエミツタを小さくする必要がある。こ
れはつぎの(2)式で示される。 On the other hand, T in equation (1) has collector current dependence, and in order to increase T over a wide current range, it is necessary to make the emitter smaller. This is shown by the following equation (2).
1/2πT=W2/5D+Xm/Vsc+kT/q・
1/Ic(Cc+Cje)(2)
ここに、
W:ベース幅
D:ベース層電子拡散定数
Xm:空乏層幅
Vsc:電子の格子散乱制限速度
q:電荷素量
k:ボルツマン定数
T:絶対温度
Ic:コレクタバイアス電流
Cc:コレクタ容量
Cje:エミツタ容量
である。すなわち、(2)式の右辺第3項の係数を小
さくすればTのコレクタ電流依存性が小さくな
るが、そのためにはエミツタの大きさを小さくす
ればよい。1/2π T = W 2 /5D+Xm/Vsc+kT/q・
1/Ic (Cc+Cje) (2) Where, W: Base width D: Base layer electron diffusion constant Xm: Depletion layer width Vsc: Limiting speed of electron lattice scattering q: Elementary charge k: Boltzmann constant T: Absolute temperature Ic : Collector bias current Cc: Collector capacitance Cje: Emitter capacitance. That is, by reducing the coefficient of the third term on the right side of equation (2), the dependence of T on the collector current can be reduced, but for this purpose, the size of the emitter can be reduced.
従来のこの種フオトトランジスタは、第3A図
で示す平面パターンおよび第3B図で示す断面構
造を有している。すなわち、n+形高濃度半導体
基板21の上にn-形高抵抗半導体層22が位置
し、この高抵抗層22の内にP形拡散によるベー
ス領域23が存在し、このベース領域23を形成
する半導体層内に拡散によるn+形のエミツタ領
域24が設けられている。このエミツタ領域24
は前述の理由によつてきわめて小さく形成されて
いるので、その真上に電極パツドを設けることが
できないため、エミツタ領域24からコンタクト
ホール25を介してAlなどの金属配線26を行
ない、この金属配線26をベース領域23の外側
の透明保護膜27上へ引き出してエミツタ電極パ
ツド28を設けている。なお、ベース領域23に
対する電極パツド29はベース領域23が充分に
広いため、直接ベース領域23の真上に設けてあ
る。また、チツプ裏面にコレクタ電極30があ
る。 A conventional phototransistor of this type has a planar pattern shown in FIG. 3A and a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 3B. That is, an n - type high-resistance semiconductor layer 22 is located on an n + type high-concentration semiconductor substrate 21 , and a base region 23 formed by P-type diffusion exists within this high-resistance layer 22 . An n + type emitter region 24 is provided in the semiconductor layer by diffusion. This emitter area 24
is formed extremely small due to the above-mentioned reason, and it is not possible to provide an electrode pad directly above it. Therefore, a metal wiring 26 such as Al is formed from the emitter region 24 through a contact hole 25, and this metal wiring 26 is drawn out onto the transparent protective film 27 outside the base region 23, and an emitter electrode pad 28 is provided. Note that the electrode pad 29 for the base region 23 is provided directly above the base region 23 because the base region 23 is sufficiently wide. Further, there is a collector electrode 30 on the back side of the chip.
このような構造のPIN形フオトトランジスタ
は、ベース接合31に逆バイアス電圧を印加して
使用する。すなわち、ベース接合31に適当な逆
バイアス電圧が印加されると、空乏層がほぼ大部
分低濃度側つまりn-高抵抗層22に向つて拡が
り、その先端が破線で示すように位置する。高抵
抗層22の比抵抗と厚みおよび逆バイアス電圧と
を適当に選ぶと、ベース領域23の直下の高抵抗
層22aをすべて空乏層化できる。この状態で素
子表面全体に光が照射されると、つぎのようにな
る。すなわち、ベース領域23直下の高抵抗層2
2a(空乏層)に入射した光によつて発生したキ
ヤリアは、ごく短かい時間で分離されてドリフト
電流となる。一方、ベース領域23より外側の空
乏層化していない高抵抗層22bに入射した光に
よつて発生したキヤリアは、破線で示した空乏層
の端面まで拡散によつて移動し、はじめて電流と
なる。この拡散電流成分は(1)式に示すように、フ
オトトランジスタの応答周波数を低下させる。 The PIN phototransistor having such a structure is used by applying a reverse bias voltage to the base junction 31. That is, when a suitable reverse bias voltage is applied to the base junction 31, most of the depletion layer expands toward the low concentration side, that is, toward the n - high resistance layer 22, and its tip is located as shown by the broken line. By appropriately selecting the specific resistance and thickness of the high resistance layer 22 and the reverse bias voltage, the entire high resistance layer 22a immediately below the base region 23 can be made into a depletion layer. When the entire surface of the element is irradiated with light in this state, the following occurs. That is, the high resistance layer 2 directly under the base region 23
Carriers generated by light incident on 2a (depletion layer) are separated in a very short time and become a drift current. On the other hand, carriers generated by light incident on the high-resistance layer 22b, which is outside the base region 23 and has not become a depletion layer, diffuse to the end face of the depletion layer shown by the broken line, and only become a current. This diffusion current component lowers the response frequency of the phototransistor, as shown in equation (1).
なお、図示するように、エミツタ電極パツド2
8は透明保護膜27上でかつベース領域23の外
側に設けねばならない。これは前述のようにエミ
ツタ領域24の大きさによる制約以外に、もしエ
ミツタ電極パツド28をベース領域23上の透明
保護膜上27上に設けると、ベース−エミツタ間
に寄生容量を生じ、応答周波数低下の原因となる
ことにもよる。これに対し、図示する位置にエミ
ツタ電極パツド28があれば、エミツタ−コレク
タ間に寄生容量を生ずるものの、ベース−エミツ
タ間の寄生容量に比べて応答周波数に悪影響はほ
とんど及ぼさない。 In addition, as shown in the figure, the emitter electrode pad 2
8 must be provided on the transparent protective film 27 and outside the base region 23. This is because, in addition to being limited by the size of the emitter region 24 as described above, if the emitter electrode pad 28 is provided on the transparent protective film 27 on the base region 23, a parasitic capacitance is generated between the base and the emitter, and the response frequency It also depends on what causes the decline. On the other hand, if the emitter electrode pad 28 is located at the position shown in the figure, although parasitic capacitance is generated between the emitter and the collector, it has almost no adverse effect on the response frequency compared to the parasitic capacitance between the base and the emitter.
以上、説明したように、従来のプレーナ形PIN
構造を有するフオトトランジスタでは、拡散電流
が発生し、フオトトランジスタの応答周波数が前
記(1)式で示すτ〓の分だけ遅くなる欠点があつ
た。 As explained above, conventional planar PIN
In the phototransistor having this structure, a diffusion current is generated, and the response frequency of the phototransistor is delayed by τ shown in equation (1) above.
この発明は、上記欠点を解消するためになされ
たもので、より高速応答が可能なプレーナ形PIN
構造を有するフオトトランジスタを提供するもの
である。 This invention was made to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, and is a planar type PIN capable of faster response.
The present invention provides a phototransistor having a structure.
以下、図面によつてこの発明を具体的に説明す
る。 Hereinafter, this invention will be specifically explained with reference to the drawings.
第1A図はこの発明のフオトトランジスタの一
形態の平面パターンを示し、第1B図はその断面
構造を示す。図示するように、n+形高濃度半導
体基板1の上にn-形高抵抗半導体層2が形成さ
れ、この高抵抗層2の内にp形拡散によるベース
領域3が形成され、このベース領域3の層内の一
部領域に拡散によるn+形のエミツタ領域4が設
けられたプレーナ形PIN構造となつているが、ベ
ース領域3は平面パターンにおいて一部に凹部5
を有するように形成されている。エミツタ電極パ
ツド6は、上記凹部5に囲まれた素子表面上に設
けられ、エミツタ領域4からコンタクトホール7
を介してAlなどの金属配線8によつて接続され
ている。9は透明保護膜、10はベース領域3に
対する電極パツド、11はコレクタ電極、破線で
示した領域12は空乏層である。 FIG. 1A shows a planar pattern of one form of the phototransistor of the present invention, and FIG. 1B shows its cross-sectional structure. As shown in the figure, an n - type high resistance semiconductor layer 2 is formed on an n + type high concentration semiconductor substrate 1, a base region 3 is formed by p type diffusion in this high resistance layer 2, and this base region It has a planar PIN structure in which an n + type emitter region 4 is provided in a part of the layer 3 by diffusion, but the base region 3 has a recess 5 in a part of the planar pattern.
It is formed to have. The emitter electrode pad 6 is provided on the element surface surrounded by the recess 5 and extends from the emitter region 4 to the contact hole 7.
They are connected by a metal wiring 8 made of Al or the like. 9 is a transparent protective film, 10 is an electrode pad for the base region 3, 11 is a collector electrode, and a region 12 indicated by a broken line is a depletion layer.
上記構成のフオトトランジスタでは、エミツタ
電極パツド6の直下以外の領域すなわち光の入射
する領域のほぼ全体にベース領域3が形成されて
いるので、透明保護膜8に接してかつ空乏層化し
ない高抵抗層2がほとんど存在しなくなり、その
結果、拡散電流はほとんど生じず、光電流はほぼ
ドリフト電流とみなせるのでフオトトランジスタ
の応答周波数は飛躍的に向上する。 In the phototransistor having the above configuration, the base region 3 is formed in a region other than directly under the emitter electrode pad 6, that is, almost the entire region where light enters, so that it is in contact with the transparent protective film 8 and has a high resistance that does not become a depletion layer. Almost no layer 2 exists, and as a result, almost no diffusion current is generated, and the photocurrent can be regarded as almost a drift current, so that the response frequency of the phototransistor is dramatically improved.
一方、第2A図はこの発明のフオトトランジス
タの他の一形態の平面パターンを示し、第2B図
はその断面構造を示す。この例では、素子の基本
構成は前記第1A図および第1B図で示したもの
と同一であるが、エミツタ電極パツド6の直下の
高抵抗層2とベース領域3の凹部5を形成する端
面3aとの間に、n+形高濃度拡散によるチヤン
ネルカツト層13が形成されている。このチヤン
ネルカツト層13はつぎの効果を奏するものであ
る。 On the other hand, FIG. 2A shows a planar pattern of another form of the phototransistor of the present invention, and FIG. 2B shows its cross-sectional structure. In this example, the basic structure of the device is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, except for the high-resistance layer 2 directly below the emitter electrode pad 6 and the end surface 3a forming the recess 5 of the base region 3. A channel cut layer 13 formed by high concentration diffusion of n + type is formed between the two layers. This channel cut layer 13 has the following effects.
すなわち、n-高抵抗層2はその表面が反転し
易く、電極パツド6に電圧が印加されると電極パ
ツド6の直下にp形反転層14を生じる可能性が
ある。この反転層14がベース領域3につながる
と、コレクタ容量が増加して応答周波数を低下さ
せるが、チヤンネルカツト層13の存在によつて
接続が防止される。 That is, the surface of the n - high resistance layer 2 is likely to be inverted, and when a voltage is applied to the electrode pad 6, a p-type inversion layer 14 may be formed directly under the electrode pad 6. When this inversion layer 14 connects to the base region 3, the collector capacitance increases and the response frequency decreases, but the presence of the channel cut layer 13 prevents this connection.
第4図は、この発明のフオトトランジスタ(第
1A,B図または第2A,B図で示した構造)と
従来のフオトトランジスタ(第3A,B図で示し
た構造)について、応答周波数と電流利得との関
係を測定した結果を示す。図中の曲線Aはこの発
明の、曲線Bは従来のフオトトランジスタであ
る。 FIG. 4 shows the response frequency and current gain of the phototransistor of the present invention (the structure shown in FIGS. 1A and B or 2A and B) and the conventional phototransistor (the structure shown in FIGS. 3A and B). The results of measuring the relationship with Curve A in the figure is for the present invention, and curve B is for the conventional phototransistor.
第4図から、この発明のフオトトランジスタで
は、前記(1)式におけるτ〓すなわちフオトダイオ
ードの拡散電流成分による遅れ時間をほぼ零とす
ることができ、フオトトランジスタの応答周波数
が従来のものに対して大幅に向上していることが
明らかである。 From FIG. 4, it can be seen that in the phototransistor of the present invention, τ in equation (1) above, that is, the delay time due to the diffusion current component of the photodiode, can be made almost zero, and the response frequency of the phototransistor is lower than that of the conventional one. It is clear that there has been a significant improvement.
なお、以上の説明では、すべてnpn形構造のフ
オトトランジスタを例としているが、この発明は
pnp形構造のものに適用しても同様の効果を奏す
ることは言うまでもない。 In the above explanation, phototransistors with npn structure are used as examples, but this invention
It goes without saying that the same effect can be achieved even when applied to a PNP structure.
第1A図はこの発明のフオトトランジスタの一
形態を示す平面図、第1B図はそのB1−B1断面
図、第2A図はこの発明のフオトトランジスタの
他の形態を示す平面図、第2B図はそのB2−B2
断面図、第3A図は従来のフオトトランジスタの
平面図、第3B図はそのB3−B3断面図、第4図
はフオトトランジスタの応答周波数と電流利得と
の関係を示す特性図である。
1……n+形半導体基板、2……n-形高抵抗半
導体層、3……ベース領域、4……エミツタ領
域、5……凹部、6……エミツタ電極パツド、1
3……チヤンネルカツト層。
FIG. 1A is a plan view showing one form of the phototransistor of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken along B 1 -B 1 thereof, and FIG. The diagram shows B 2 − B 2
3A is a plan view of a conventional phototransistor, FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along B 3 -B 3 , and FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between response frequency and current gain of the phototransistor. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...n + type semiconductor substrate, 2...n - type high resistance semiconductor layer, 3...base region, 4...emitter region, 5...recess, 6...emitter electrode pad, 1
3...Channel cut layer.
Claims (1)
抗半導体層が形成され、この高抵抗半導体層内に
拡散によつて第2導電形の導電層からなるベース
領域が形成され、さらに上記第2導電形の導電層
内の一部に第1導電形の導電層からなるエミツタ
領域が形成されてなるプレーナ形PIN構造を有す
るフオトトランジスタにおいて、上記ベース領域
が一部に凹部を有する平面パターンとなるように
形成され、この凹部に囲まれた素子表面にエミツ
タ電極パツドが設けられたフオトトランジスタ。 2 第1導電形の半導体からなる導電層上に高抵
抗半導体層が形成され、この高抵抗半導体層内に
拡散によつて第2導電形の導電層からなるベース
領域が形成され、さらに上記第2導電形の導電層
内の一部に第1導電形の導電層からなるエミツタ
領域が形成されてなるプレーナ形PIN構造を有す
るフオトトランジスタにおいて、上記ベース領域
が一部に凹部を有する平面パターンとなるように
形成され、この凹部に囲まれた素子表面にエミツ
タ電極パツドが設けられ、かつこの電極パツド直
下の上記高抵抗半導体層とベース領域の端部との
間に、高濃度拡散による第1導電形のチヤンネル
カツト層が形成されたフオトトランジスタ。[Claims] 1. A high-resistance semiconductor layer is formed on a conductive layer made of a semiconductor of a first conductivity type, and a base region made of a conductive layer of a second conductivity type is formed in this high-resistance semiconductor layer by diffusion. In the phototransistor, the phototransistor has a planar PIN structure in which an emitter region made of a conductive layer of a first conductivity type is formed in a part of the conductive layer of the second conductivity type. A phototransistor that is formed to have a planar pattern with recesses and has an emitter electrode pad provided on the element surface surrounded by the recesses. 2. A high resistance semiconductor layer is formed on a conductive layer made of a semiconductor of a first conductivity type, a base region made of a conductive layer of a second conductivity type is formed by diffusion in this high resistance semiconductor layer, and further the base region made of a conductive layer of a second conductivity type is formed. In a phototransistor having a planar PIN structure in which an emitter region made of a conductive layer of a first conductivity type is formed in a part of a conductive layer of a second conductivity type, the base region has a planar pattern partially having a recess. An emitter electrode pad is provided on the element surface surrounded by the concave portion, and a first layer formed by high concentration diffusion is formed between the high resistance semiconductor layer immediately below the electrode pad and the end of the base region. A phototransistor with a conductive channel cut layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56092859A JPS57207384A (en) | 1981-06-15 | 1981-06-15 | Phototransistor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56092859A JPS57207384A (en) | 1981-06-15 | 1981-06-15 | Phototransistor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57207384A JPS57207384A (en) | 1982-12-20 |
| JPS6244824B2 true JPS6244824B2 (en) | 1987-09-22 |
Family
ID=14066150
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP56092859A Granted JPS57207384A (en) | 1981-06-15 | 1981-06-15 | Phototransistor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57207384A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4686554A (en) * | 1983-07-02 | 1987-08-11 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Photoelectric converter |
| US5309013A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1994-05-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Photoelectric conversion device |
-
1981
- 1981-06-15 JP JP56092859A patent/JPS57207384A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57207384A (en) | 1982-12-20 |
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