JPS6247500B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for pressurizing and heating raw materials of grains, foods, cosmetics, etc. with saturated steam and superheated steam, and heat-denaturing, heat-sterilizing, etc. of these powder-grain materials. The present applicant has developed a "Puffed Food Production Apparatus" (Special Publication No. 45-1973), which heat-processes raw materials while fluidizing them.
26695), or ``Method and Apparatus for Manufacturing Puffed Foods Using Air Stream Heating System'' (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1983-34747), in which raw materials are heated in an air stream. However, since all of these devices have a single-stage heating means, if the outlet temperature of the heating medium, that is, the temperature of the heating medium immediately after the heating medium and the raw material are separated, is set to a certain temperature or higher, the mixing ratio [(raw material weight) /(weight of heating medium)] or the specific heat of the raw material, but generally the inlet temperature of the heating medium, that is, the temperature of the heating medium immediately before it comes into contact with the raw material, must be kept high. As an example, when processing wheat using the air current heating method, setting the steam pressure to 6.5Kg/cm <sup>2</sup> (gauge pressure), the outlet temperature of superheated steam to 220℃, and the mixing ratio to 1.0 will result in the highest temperature in the main heating system. The inlet temperature of the superheated steam needs to be 330°C or higher, which is not desirable when processing raw materials that are sensitive to thermal denaturation, and furthermore, if the raw materials are suddenly thrown into a high-temperature heating medium, the water in the raw materials will scatter. , and the swelling degree of the product [(apparent density of raw material)/(apparent density of product)] decreases. For example, when wheat is heat-treated and used as a raw material for soy sauce, the higher the degree of swelling, the easier it is to crush, and the higher the digestibility (see note 1 on page 25) and nitrogen dissolution/utilization rate (see note 3 on page 28), which is preferable. is obtained. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of the heat resistance of the structural members, especially the sealing material, it is preferable that the heating medium be at a low temperature. In addition, the present applicant has developed a "continuous steaming and heating apparatus" (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1983-1983), which heats raw materials sequentially with saturated steam and then with superheated steam, as an improved method of the above-mentioned invention.
33622) and obtained a patent. However, in this patent, the raw material is exposed to rapidly changing from relatively low-temperature saturated steam to high-temperature superheated steam, and at this time, the moisture contained in the raw material is often scattered, and the degree of swelling is not as high as expected, which is not necessarily satisfactory. It wasn't something I could do. The present applicant also applied for and obtained a patent for the ``cereal puffing method'' (Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-42814), in which raw materials are heat-treated with superheated steam and then saturated steam.
Products processed by this method have a high moisture content and are difficult to preserve. Therefore, as a result of intensive research in view of the current situation described above, the present inventor divided the heat treatment process into multiple steps, set the temperature of the superheated steam used in the final stage to the highest temperature, and successively increased the temperature of the superheated steam used in the previous stage treatment process. If the temperature of the superheated steam at the exit of the final stage is the same as in the conventional method, if the raw material is heat-treated in a configuration where saturated steam and superheated steam coexist in the first stage heat treatment process, the temperature of the superheated steam at the exit of the final stage process will be the same as in the conventional method. Even if the temperature is set at a temperature of about The present invention was completed based on the knowledge that it is possible to obtain a product that prevents scattering and has a high degree of swelling. That is, the present invention is characterized in that a powder or granular material is heat-treated under pressure with saturated steam and superheated steam, then subjected to pressure heat treatment at least once with superheated steam at a higher temperature, and then discharged under low pressure. A method and apparatus for heat treatment of particulate matter,
The present invention focuses on defatted soybeans, which are prone to protein hyperdenaturation.
It is suitable for processing raw materials that are sensitive to heat denaturation, such as brown rice and vegetables, where vitamins may be destroyed, and for processing raw materials that require a particularly high degree of swelling, such as grains such as wheat and corn. The present invention will be explained in detail below. The granular material raw materials used in the present invention are not particularly limited, and include grains such as soybeans, defatted soybeans, soybean meal, wheat, barley, rice, brown rice, and corn, and their pulverized products, fishmeal, vegetables, etc. strips,
Food raw materials such as bread crumbs, starch powder, black pepper, black pepper, curry powder, etc., drugs or drug raw materials and their fillers, as well as feed and cosmetic raw materials, etc., and if necessary, hydrated by normal means. The aforementioned raw materials can also be used. Regarding the heat treatment conditions, first, if the purpose is to sterilize raw materials, a relatively low pressure is preferable, with a pressure of 4 kg/cm ²
(gauge pressure) or less, heat treatment is performed for 3 seconds to 5 minutes at a temperature of 260° C. or less, preferably for 5 seconds to 1 minute at a pressure of 0.5 to 3.5 Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) and a temperature of 240° C. or less. On the other hand, when the purpose is to denature raw materials, grains are often used as raw materials, but pressures of 2 to 12
Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) 3 seconds to 5 at temperature below 310℃
Heat treatment is performed for 5 seconds to 1 minute, preferably at a pressure of 4 to 8 kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) and a temperature of 290° C. or less. In the first heat treatment step of the present invention,
A heating device in which a belt conveyor is installed in a pressure vessel or a heating device in which a screw conveyor is installed (hereinafter referred to as the first-stage heating device) can be used, and the second-stage heat treatment described below can be performed. It is formed in communication with a heating device in the process (hereinafter referred to as a second-stage heating device), and the superheated steam used in the second-stage heating device is introduced into the first-stage heating device, and at the same time The raw material processed by the stage heating device is supplied to the second stage heating device. The first stage heating device therefore does not require an external supply of heating medium. In the first stage heating device, the superheated steam changes to saturated steam by heating the input raw material, and the condensed water is absorbed by the raw material or discharged outside the system as necessary. Also the first
The saturated steam or superheated steam consumed in the stage heating device is automatically replenished from the second stage heating device. Next, in the second heat treatment step, an air current heating means or a fluid heating means can be used. First, the air current heating means ventilates superheated steam or the like through a heating pipe, and then inputs the raw material into the pipe. This is a heat treatment method in which the material is heated by being retained for a short time while being transported by air current, and then collected with a cyclone or the like and released under low pressure. On the other hand, in fluidized heating means, raw materials are supplied to form an even layer on a perforated plate with many holes in a closed container, superheated steam is passed through the layer from below to fluidize it, and the raw material is retained for a certain period of time. This is a heat treatment method in which the material is then released under low pressure. The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. First, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which a screw conveyor type heating device is used as the first stage heating device and a fluid type heating device is used as the second stage heating device to process the raw material. 1 is a screw conveyor type heating device, which is composed of a horizontal cylindrical pressure container 2 and a screw 3 installed in the container.The pressure container 2 has a raw material input port 4 and a raw material discharge port 4'. It is provided. An input valve 5 for supplying the raw material to the screw conveyor type heating device 1 in an airtight manner is installed in the raw material input port 4. The input valve 5 is preferably a "transfer device with a forced discharge device" (Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-8927, hereinafter referred to as a strong discharge type valve) by the present applicant. Ordinary rotary valves can also be used. 6 is a hopper that holds raw materials. 7 is a fluidized heating device that heats the raw material while fluidizing it, and 8 is a vertical cylindrical pressure-resistant heating can with a raw material inlet 9 and a superheated steam outlet 10 at the top, and a raw material outlet 12 and a superheater at the bottom. Each of them is provided with a water vapor inlet 11. and the outlet 12
A discharge valve 13 is installed, and the raw material input port 9 is connected to the raw material discharge port 4' of the screw conveyor type heating device 1. The discharge valve 13 is preferably the forced discharge type valve described above. Inside the heating can 8, a perforated plate 15 having a large number of ventilation holes 14 and on which raw materials are stacked is installed horizontally, and a drop port 16 is provided in a part of the perforated plate 15 so as to face the raw material discharge port 12. The structure is such that the raw material can be discharged through the chute 17. Reference numeral 18 denotes a raw material transfer device for transferring input raw materials on a perforated plate, and is composed of a shaft 19 provided perpendicularly to the center of the heating can 8 and flat plate-shaped vertical walls 20 provided radially around the shaft 19. , are configured to be freely rotatable about a shaft 19. Reference numeral 21 denotes an inner wall provided on the inner periphery of the heating can 8, which is a device for effectively keeping the raw material warm, and its lower part is fixed and integrated with the circumferential portion of the perforated plate 15. The outer surface 20a and lower end surface 20b of the vertical wall 20 are configured to substantially slide into contact with the inner wall 21 and the perforated plate 15, respectively. Reference numeral 22 denotes a power transmission device such as a pulley or a gear that is connected to a prime mover such as a motor (not shown) and rotates the raw material transfer device 18. Next, 23 is a device that circulates superheated steam within the system using a blower, and 24 is a device that heats the raw material with a super heater and reheats the superheated steam whose temperature has dropped. A steam replenishment pipe 25 is used to replenish the steam consumed in this device and the superheated steam discharged outside the system from the discharge valve 13 when raw materials are discharged. is heated and introduced into the system. Reference numeral 26 denotes a collection device such as a cyclone, whose gas inlet 26a is connected to the superheated steam outlet 10 of the heating can 8, and the gas outlet 26b is connected to the suction port of the blower 23 to collect dust in the circulating superheated steam. This is a device for removing types of substances. A box 27 temporarily stores the dust collected by the cyclone 26, and is installed at the outlet 26c of the cyclone 26. On the other hand, the outlet of the blower 23 is connected to the superheated steam inlet 11 of the heating can 8 via a circulation pipe 28, and the circulation pipe 28 passes through the superheater 24 and heats the superheated steam flowing through the pipe 28. It is configured like this. Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. First, saturated steam generated in the boiler is heated by a super heater 24 to become superheated steam and introduced into the apparatus through a steam replenishment pipe 25. The superheated steam is circulated through the system through the circulation pipe 28, heating can 8, cyclone 26, and blower 23 in this order by the action of the blower 23. At this time, a part of the superheated steam flows into the screw conveyor type heating device 1, and the device 1 is first filled with superheated steam. On the other hand, the raw material in the hopper 6 is charged into the screw conveyor type heating device 1 via the charging valve 5 and is heated. At this time, the superheated steam in the apparatus 1 changes into saturated steam and condensed water, which are either absorbed by the raw material or discharged to the outside by conventional means. Therefore, saturated steam and superheated steam coexist in the apparatus 1, and the raw material is treated with the saturated steam and then with the superheated steam. As a result, the moisture content of the raw material increases through saturated steam treatment, and then it gradually comes into contact with superheated steam at a higher temperature, so unlike conventional methods, there is no sudden temperature change, preventing moisture evaporation in the raw material and releasing it to the outside. A product with a high degree of swelling can be obtained. The superheated steam used in the screw conveyor type heating device 1 is supplied with the one used in the fluidized type heating device 7, and therefore has a lower temperature than the superheated steam in the device 7. Next, the raw material that has been subjected to the first stage heat treatment in the screw conveyor type heating device 1 is put into the heating can 8 of the fluidized type heating device 7. The input raw material is fluidized by the superheated steam vented through the perforated plate 15 and is heated and then sequentially transferred to the raw material discharge port by the action of the raw material transfer device 18. The raw material subjected to the second stage heat treatment in the fluidized heating device 7 is discharged through the discharge valve 13 to a low pressure, for example, atmospheric pressure, and is recovered as a product. The superheated steam used in the fluidized heating device 7, that is, the second stage heat treatment process, is supplied to the superheater 2.
Since the water immediately after being heated in step 4 is used, the temperature is higher than the superheated steam in the screw conveyor type heating device 1 (first stage heat treatment step). Next, FIG. 3 shows another embodiment. This embodiment shows an example in which a belt conveyor type heating device 30 is used in the first stage heat treatment process and an air flow type heating device 31 is used in the second stage heat treatment process. The belt conveyor type heating device 30 is composed of a horizontal cylindrical pressure container 32 and a belt conveyor 33 installed inside the container.The pressure container 32 has a raw material input port 34 and a raw material discharge port 35.
is provided, and the raw material input port 34 is provided with an input valve 5.
is installed. The airflow type heating device 31 is provided at a heating pipe 37 through which superheated steam is aerated and heat-processes the raw material while transporting the raw material in airflow, a cyclone 38 that separates the raw material after heat treatment and the superheated steam, and a raw material discharge port 39 of the cyclone 38. It is composed of a discharge valve 13 that airtightly releases raw materials to the outside of the system, and a blower 23 that circulates superheated steam, and a heating pipe 37 is branched into an inverted T-shaped pipe to form a raw material input port 41. It is connected to the raw material discharge port 35 of the belt conveyor type heating device 30 . The downstream side 42 of the heating pipe 37 is a cyclone 38
The gas inlet 43 and the gas outlet 48 are connected to the suction port of the blower 23 , and the discharge port of the blower 23 and the upstream side 44 of the heating pipe 37 are connected to each other via a superheated steam circulation pipe 45 passing through the super heater 24 . . Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 is an example in which the heat treatment process is provided up to the third stage, and the screw conveyor type heating device 1 is used as the first stage heat treatment process, and the second stage and third stage heat treatment Fluid heating device 8 as a process
were used respectively. In this embodiment, the raw material outlet 12 of the second-stage fluidized heating device 8 and the raw material input port 9' of the third-stage fluidized heating device 8' are arranged so that the superheated steam passes through a predetermined path. It is necessary to communicate through the intermediate valve 6. Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is also an example in which the heat treatment process is provided up to the third stage, similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. Air flow heating devices 31 and 31' were used for the second and third stage heat treatment steps, respectively. In this embodiment as well, the raw material outlet 39 of the cyclone 38 in the second stage pneumatic heating device 31 and the raw material input port 41' of the third stage pneumatic heating device 31' are arranged so that the superheated steam passes through a predetermined path. It is necessary to communicate via the intermediate valve 47. The intermediate valve 47 may be a normal rotary valve, but the “powder conveyance and supply device” by the present applicant may be used as the intermediate valve 47.
(Special Publication No. 52-9917) is suitable. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a pneumatic heating device may be used in the third stage, and in the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a fluid heating device may be used in the third stage. As described above, in the present application, a device provided with a transfer means such as a screw conveyor in a pressure vessel is installed as the first stage heating device, and a fluid type heating device or an air flow heating device is installed as the second or third stage heating device. The type heating device can be appropriately selected and installed in consideration of raw materials, processing conditions, etc. Next, FIGS. 6 to 12 show embodiments of other fluidized heating devices. First, the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is an embodiment in which the vertical wall 20 of the heating can 8 in the embodiment shown in FIG. . Note that the input section 51 and the discharge section 52 are separated by a compartment 53. The raw material inputted into the heating can 8 from the raw material input port 9 is heated while flowing between the vertical walls 54 by superheated steam introduced from the superheated steam inlet 11 and discharged from the superheated steam outlet 10. Then, the raw materials pass through the gap 50, are sequentially guided to the raw material discharge port 12, and are discharged to the outside of the heating can 8. Next, in the apparatus shown in FIG. 9, the perforated plate 15 is made movable in the embodiment shown in FIG.
2 is provided on the side of the heating can 8. 55 is a motor that rotates the perforated plate 15. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the device shown in FIG.
This is an example in which a rotary blade 56 that rotates inside is installed. The raw material is forcibly guided to the raw material outlet 12 by the blades 56 . The device shown in FIG. 12 shows yet another embodiment of the fluidized heating device, in which a perforated plate 57 is fixed to a heating can 59 via a spring 58, and the perforated plate 57 is connected to a motor 64.
In this example, the raw material inputted from the raw material input port 60 is transferred to the raw material discharge port 61 by the vibration, and is heat-treated while flowing with superheated steam. The superheated steam is introduced from the superheated steam inlet 62 and discharged to the outside from the superheated steam outlet 63. In this embodiment, the raw material is transferred to the raw material discharge port 61 even if the perforated plate 57 is horizontal, but if it is installed at an angle so that the raw material discharge port 61 is lower as shown in FIG. 12, the raw material can be transferred. done effectively. Next, FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the screw conveyor type heating device. In this embodiment, an inner cylinder 70 is installed concentrically inside a pressure-resistant container 2 in the screw conveyor type heating device 1 shown in FIG.
The inner chamber 72 divided by the container 1 and the inner cylinder 72 is formed to be filled with water vapor at the same pressure, thereby effectively retaining the heat of the apparatus, and furthermore, the condensed water of the water vapor in the container 2 is guided to the outer chamber 71 to the outside. This is an example of a configuration for ejecting. In this example, raw materials and condensed water are separated,
It is possible to prevent water from being absorbed into the raw material more than necessary. This embodiment can also be applied to the belt conveyor type heating device 30. Here, we will examine how effective the method of the present invention is in terms of product digestibility, degree of gelatinization (see note 2 on page 26), residual vitamins, etc., and how effective it is when used in the production of soy sauce. Method (Tokuko Showa 46
-34747, hereinafter referred to as conventional method A), fluidized heat treatment method (Japanese Patent Publication No. 45-26695, hereinafter referred to as conventional method B), saturated/superheated steam treatment method (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1983-26695, hereinafter referred to as conventional method B),
-33622, hereinafter referred to as conventional method C)], an experimental example will be shown below. Experimental Example 1 First, Table 1 shows the results when wheat was heat treated.

【table】

[Table] From the results in Table 1, conventional methods A and B require significantly higher temperature superheated steam than the method of the present invention, and the raw materials are overdenatured due to excessive heating and are difficult to be decomposed by koji mold or enzymes. It is lower than the method of the present invention in terms of digestibility, degree of gelatinization, degree of swelling, nitrogen dissolution utilization rate, etc. Furthermore, conventional method C is inferior to the method of the present invention in terms of swelling degree, nitrogen dissolution utilization rate, etc. On the other hand, the wheat processed by the method of the present invention has no excessive denaturation of protein, does not leave any undenatured protein, and has excellent digestibility, degree of gelatinization, and nitrogen dissolution utilization rate by moderate heating. Experimental Example 2 Next, when brown rice (whole grain) was heat-treated, Table 2 shows the results regarding the residual rate of vitamins contained in the raw material.

[Table] As mentioned in Experimental Example 1, in the present invention, the raw materials can be treated with superheated steam at a lower temperature than the conventional method, so as is clear from Table 2, the vitamins contained in the raw materials are destroyed. It is possible to obtain a highly nutritious product with a high residual rate in the product. Also, results superior to conventional methods can be obtained regarding the degree of gelatinization and the degree of swelling. As described above, since the present invention heat-treats the raw material in multiple steps, the maximum temperature of superheated steam can be lowered. Therefore, it is effective for raw materials that are sensitive to thermal denaturation, and can prevent oxidation of fine particles and uniformly heat them. Furthermore, it can prevent the moisture contained in the raw materials from scattering, increasing the degree of swelling.
For example, defatted soybeans or wheat used as raw materials for soy sauce have advantages such as improved nitrogen utilization. Furthermore, from an equipment standpoint, the heat resistance burden on the equipment used can be reduced, the life of the sealing material for the input and discharge valves can be increased in particular, and the heat loss of the entire equipment can be reduced. Further, depending on the processing conditions of the raw material, the heat load can be compensated by the compression heat of the blower alone, and the blower has the advantage that the lower the temperature of the superheated steam, the better the efficiency of the blower. Note 1 Digestibility To measure digestibility, heat-treated denatured soybeans are dried under reduced pressure at low temperatures, then crushed, 1 g of this powder is placed in a shaking test tube, and mixed with 0.5 molar phosphate buffer (PH7.2) 10
ml, 20 ml of enzyme solution (see notes below), and ml of triol, and seal tightly. The test tube was kept at 37°C for 7 days with gentle shaking to allow enzymatic degradation. Next, add distilled water to the decomposed solution to make a total volume of 100ml.
and separate it into a liquid phase and a solid phase by centrifugation. Add 15 ml of 1.2 mol trichloroacetic acid to 30 ml of liquid phase,
The precipitate (undegraded protein) is filtered off, 5 ml of the filtrate is taken, and the nitrogen content is measured by the Kjeldahl method. A blind test is conducted in the same manner without adding the powder sample, and the value obtained by subtracting the latter value from the former value is defined as A. On the other hand, the nitrogen content in 1 g of the powder sample is measured by the Kjeldahl method, the value is designated as B, and the digestibility is calculated using the following formula. (Note) The enzyme solution mentioned above was extracted from the koji of Aspergillus sojae, a typical koji mold used in soy sauce brewing.

Proteinase of [formula] Refers to an active extract. here

[Formula] means the enzyme activity that shows phorin coloring at an amount equivalent to 1 gamma tyrosine per minute when an enzyme reaction is carried out at 30° C. and pH 7.2 using 1% milk casein as a substrate. Note 2 Degree of gelatinization Use samples that have passed 32 meshes prepared for raw material analysis. Take 500 ml of the prepared sample into two 150 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, add 40 ml of water to each, and stir well. Add 20 ml of measurement buffer to one side as the measurement area.
Completely gelatinize the other side, add 5ml of 2N NaOH,
Then add 16 ml of 1M acetic acid. Add 5 ml of both test solutions to react in a 37°C constant temperature bath, and after 60 minutes, add 4 ml of 2N NaOH to stop the reaction. Wash the reaction mixture into a 100 ml volumetric flask to make a constant volume, and filter through No. 5A filter paper. The amount of sugar produced is determined using 8 ml of the filtrate using a modified BOMOGYI method. The results are expressed in percentages according to the following formula: Degree of gelatinization = Sugar amount in measurement area / Sugar amount in complete gelatinization area x 100 (%
) Measurement buffer; 2N NaOH: 1M acetic acid = 5:16
Mix with Enzyme solution; Maturase M・00 (manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Put 0.6g in a 200ml beaker and add about 150ml of water.
Add 5 ml of 0.4M acetate buffer and stir with a stirrer for 30 minutes. After adjusting the volume to 250ml, No.5A
Filter through filter paper. Note 3: Nitrogen dissolved utilization rate Nitrogen dissolved utilization rate refers to the ratio of the total amount of nitrogen dissolved in aged moromi liquid to the total nitrogen contained in proteins, etc. contained in soybeans and wheat, which are raw materials for soy sauce brewing. Examples of the present invention are shown below. Example 1 From Example to Example 6 below, examples relating to thermal denaturation of raw materials will be shown. 1200Kg of wheat (moisture; 11.2% W/W, whole grain)
Flow type, in which saturated steam and superheated steam at a rate of 6.5Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) are charged into a screw conveyor type heating device filled with superheated steam at a rate of 6.5Kg/cm 2 (gauge pressure), heated, and then superheated steam at the same pressure is vented. It is supplied to a heating device and further heat-treated. The raw material was then released into the atmosphere to obtain a product with a digestibility of 95.7%, a degree of gelatinization of 78.4%, a degree of swelling of 3.4 times, and a moisture content of 10.4%. In the screw conveyor type heating device,
The superheated steam changes to saturated steam at the raw material input port, and its temperature is 167℃, and the temperature of the superheated steam at the raw material discharge port is 182℃.On the other hand, in the fluidized heating device, the temperature of the superheated steam at the superheated steam inlet and outlet is 167℃. were 208℃ and 182℃, respectively. The circulating amount of superheated steam was 4650 Kg/h, the amount of steam replenishment was 480 Kg/h, and the heat treatment time in this example was 60 seconds. In the following examples, temperature refers to the temperature of superheated steam or saturated steam itself. Example 2 In this example, raw materials were treated using an apparatus equipped up to the third stage treatment step as shown in FIG. First, corn (moisture: 10.5% W/W, whole grain) was fed at a rate of 1500 kg/h into a screw conveyor type heating device filled with saturated steam and superheated steam at 8 kg/cm ² (gauge pressure). After the heat treatment, the superheated steam of the same pressure is sequentially supplied to the second and third stage pneumatic heating devices, which are ventilated, for further heat treatment. Next, the raw material was released into the atmosphere to obtain a product with a degree of gelatinization of 83.4%, a degree of swelling of 5.8 times, and a moisture content of 6.2%. In the screw conveyor heating device, the temperatures at the raw material input and outlet are 175°C (saturated steam) and 202°C, respectively, while in the second stage fluidized heating device, the temperatures at the superheated steam inlet and outlet are 175°C (saturated steam) and 202°C, respectively. The temperatures were 210°C, 202°C, and 224°C and 210°C in the third stage fluid heating device, respectively. The circulating amount of superheated steam was 5200 Kg/h, the amount of steam replenishment was 530 Kg/h, and the heat treatment time in this example was 50 seconds. Example 3 In this example, as in Example 2, raw materials were treated using an apparatus equipped with up to the third stage treatment process as shown in FIG. First, cracked soybeans (moisture: 12.1% W/W, particle size: 12
7Kg/ ^cm2 at a rate of 1700Kg/h
(Gauge pressure) saturated steam and superheated steam are charged into a screw conveyor type heating device filled with heat treatment, and then the second and third stage flow type where superheated steam of the same pressure is vented. The materials are sequentially supplied to a heating device for further heat treatment. Next, the raw materials were released into the atmosphere to achieve a digestibility of 94.8%, a degree of swelling of 2.1 times,
A product with a moisture content of 6.2% was obtained. In the screw conveyor heating device, the temperatures at the raw material input and outlet are 170°C (saturated steam) and 175°C, respectively, while in the second stage airflow heating device, the temperatures at the superheated steam inlet and outlet are 170°C (saturated steam) and 175°C, respectively. 175℃, 170℃, and 182℃ and 175℃ in the third stage fluid heating device, respectively.
It was hot. The circulating amount of superheated steam was 4900 Kg/h, the amount of steam replenishment was 550 Kg/h, and the heat treatment time in this example was 34 seconds. Example 4 Defatted soybean (moisture: 10.8% W/W, particle size: 16~
24 mesh) was placed at a rate of 1400 kg/h into a belt conveyor type heating device filled with 6 kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) of saturated steam and superheated steam, and after heat treatment, superheated steam of the same pressure was vented. The sample is then supplied to an airflow heating device for further heat treatment.
The raw material was then released into the atmosphere to obtain a product with a digestibility of 94.6%, a swelling degree of 2.2 times, and a moisture content of 9.1%. In the belt conveyor type heating device, the temperature at the raw material input port and discharge port is 164°C, respectively.
(saturated steam), 202°C, while the temperatures at the superheated steam inlet and outlet of the airflow heating device were 202°C and 175°C, respectively. The circulating amount of superheated steam was 4500 Kg/h, the amount of steam replenishment was 470 Kg/h, and the processing time according to this example was 24 seconds. Example 5 Hydrated defatted soybean (moisture; 31.4% W/W)
660Kg/h, cracked wheat (moisture: 11.2%, particle size: 16
~24 mesh) is mixed and supplied at a rate of 710Kg/h.
After being put into a screw conveyor type heating device filled with saturated steam and superheated steam at 7.0Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) and heat-treated, superheated steam at the same pressure is supplied to a fluidized type heating device that is ventilated. and further heat-treated. The raw materials were then released into the atmosphere to obtain a product with an average moisture content of 12.8%. In the screw conveyor type heating device, the temperature at the raw material input port and the discharge port is 170°C, respectively.
(saturated steam) and 175°C, while the temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the superheated steam in the fluidized heating device were 223°C and 175°C, respectively. The circulation amount of superheated steam is 4750Kg/h, and the amount of steam replenishment is 540Kg/h.
h, and the processing time according to this example was 37 seconds. Example 6 Brown rice (moisture: 13.3% W/W, whole grain, vitamins: 0.42mg/100g) at a rate of 1200Kg/h for 6.5
Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) of saturated steam and superheated steam are charged into a screw conveyor heating device filled with heat treatment, and then superheated steam of the same pressure is supplied to a ventilated fluid heating device. and further heat treatment. Next, the raw material is released into the atmosphere and α
degree of swelling 92.1%, degree of swelling 7.5 times, moisture 3.4%, vitamins
A product of 0.34mg/100g was obtained. In the screw conveyor heating device, the temperatures at the raw material input and outlet are 167°C (saturated steam) and 210°C, respectively, while in the fluidized flow heating device, the temperatures at the superheated steam inlet and outlet are 246°C and 210°C, respectively.
It was hot. The circulating amount of superheated steam was 4830 Kg/h, the amount of steam replenishment was 420 Kg/h, and the heat treatment time in this example was 16 seconds. Example 7 From this example to Example 9 below, examples related to sterilization will be shown. Bran (moisture: 11.0% W/W, particle size: 28 mesh or less) is fed at a rate of 700 kg/h into a belt conveyor type heating device filled with saturated steam and superheated steam at 2 kg/cm ² (gauge pressure). After the heat treatment, the material is further heat treated by being supplied to a pneumatic heating device that is vented with superheated steam at the same pressure. The raw material was then released into the atmosphere to obtain a product with a moisture content of 6.8%. The number of general viable bacteria, which was 3.5×10 ⁶ cells/g in the raw material, decreased to 0. In the belt conveyor type heating device, the temperature at the raw material input and discharge ports is 133℃ (saturated steam),
241℃, while the temperature at the superheated steam inlet and outlet in the airflow heating device is 241℃, respectively.
It was 198℃. The circulating amount of superheated steam was 1520 Kg/h, the amount of steam replenishment was 210 Kg/h, and the processing time according to this example was 14 seconds. Example 8 Pulverized bonito flakes (moisture: 15.2% W/W, particle size: 8-12 mesh) were added at a rate of 600 kg/h to 1.5
Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) of saturated steam and superheated steam are charged into a screw conveyor type heating device filled with heat treatment, and then superheated steam of the same pressure is supplied to a ventilated air flow type heating device. and further heat treatment. The raw material was then released into the atmosphere to obtain a product with a moisture content of 10.7%. 2.8× ¹⁰⁴ pieces/g in raw material
The number of general viable bacteria became 0. In the screw conveyor type heating device, the temperature at the raw material input and outlet is 127℃ (saturated steam) and 221℃, while in the airflow type heating device, the temperature at the superheated steam inlet and outlet is 127℃ (saturated steam) and 221℃, respectively.
The temperatures were 221℃ and 175℃. The circulating amount of superheated steam is
1280Kg/h, steam replenishment amount is 210Kg/h,
The processing time according to this example was 17 seconds. Example 9 Screw conveyor type heating device filled with saturated steam and superheated steam of 1.5 Kg/cm ² (gauge pressure) of black pepper (moisture; 12.8% W/W, whole grain) at a rate of 600 Kg/h After being heated and heated, it is further heated by being supplied to an airflow heating device that is ventilated with superheated steam at the same pressure. The raw material was then released into the atmosphere to obtain a product with a moisture content of 8.3%. The number of general viable bacteria, which was 1.7×10 ⁷ cells/g in the raw material, decreased to 0. In the screw conveyor type heating device, the temperature at the raw material input and outlet is 127℃ (saturated steam) and 234℃, while in the airflow type heating device, the temperature at the superheated steam inlet and outlet is 127℃ (saturated steam) and 234℃, respectively.
It was 234℃ and 182℃. The circulating amount of superheated steam was 1220 Kg/h, the amount of steam replenishment was 190 Kg/h, and the processing time according to this example was 17 seconds.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a process diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1, Figs. 3 to 5 are process diagrams showing other embodiments, and Fig. 6 is a flowchart. Another embodiment of the type heating device, FIG. 7 is B in FIG. 6.
- B sectional view, FIG. 8 is a developed view taken along C-C in FIG. 6, FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the fluid heating device, and FIG. 10 is a developed view taken along DD in FIG. 9. ,
11 and 12 show another embodiment of the fluidized heating device, and FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the screw conveyor heating device. In the drawing, 1 is a screw conveyor type heating device, 5 is an input valve, 7 is a flow type heating device, 8 is a heating can, 13 is a discharge valve, 18 is a raw material transfer device, 23 is a blower, 24 is a super heater, 3
0 indicates a belt conveyor type heating device, and 31 indicates an air flow type heating device.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Heat treatment of a powder or granular material under pressure with saturated steam and superheated steam, followed by heat treatment under pressure at least once with superheated steam at a higher temperature, and then discharged under low pressure. Features: A heat treatment method for powder and granular materials. 2. A first-stage heating device that has a raw material input port and a raw material discharge port and pressurizes and heats the raw material supplied from the input port into the device while moving it, and is provided at the input port and introduces the raw material into the device. a second-stage heating device having an input valve, a raw material input port, a raw material discharge port, a superheated steam inlet, and a superheated steam outlet, and further pressurizes and heats the raw material processed by the first-stage heating device while moving the raw material; It consists of a discharge valve that is installed at the raw material outlet of the second stage heating device and discharges the heat-treated raw material under low pressure. A heat treatment device for powdery substances, characterized in that the devices are connected to each other. 3 Powder particles in which the first stage heating device according to claim 2 is composed of a horizontal cylindrical pressure-resistant container having a raw material input port and a raw material discharge port, and a screw installed in the container. Equipment for heat treatment of substances. 4 Powder particles in which the first stage heating device according to claim 2 is composed of a horizontal cylindrical pressure-resistant container having a raw material input port and a raw material discharge port, and a belt conveyor installed inside the container. Equipment for heat treatment of substances. 5. Heat treatment of granular materials in which the second stage heating device according to claim 2 includes a perforated plate inside the device, and pressurizes and heats the raw material while forming a fluidized bed of the raw material on the perforated plate. Device. 6. The second stage heating device according to claim 2 is composed of a heating pipe through which superheated steam is vented, and a collection device connected to the heating pipe at a downstream portion of the pipe to separate superheated steam and raw materials. Heat treatment equipment for powder and granular materials.