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JPS62495B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS62495B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS62495B2
JPS62495B2 JP53105485A JP10548578A JPS62495B2 JP S62495 B2 JPS62495 B2 JP S62495B2 JP 53105485 A JP53105485 A JP 53105485A JP 10548578 A JP10548578 A JP 10548578A JP S62495 B2 JPS62495 B2 JP S62495B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carrier material
toner
weight
coating film
developer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP53105485A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5533109A (en
Inventor
Masaru Shimada
Katsuji Maruyama
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP10548578A priority Critical patent/JPS5533109A/en
Publication of JPS5533109A publication Critical patent/JPS5533109A/en
Publication of JPS62495B2 publication Critical patent/JPS62495B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は静電像の現像に用いられる2成分系乾
式現像剤のキヤリア材に関する。 電子写真感光体等に形成される正極性の静電像
は乾式現像の場合、通常、トナーと呼ばれる着色
樹脂粒子及びキヤリア材と呼ばれる磁性粒子を混
合摩擦して得られる2成分系乾式現像剤で現像さ
れる。この場合、現像剤中のトナー及びキヤリア
材は混合摩擦により夫々、負極性及び正極性に帯
電している。このような状態の現像剤を静電像に
近接又は接触させると、現像剤中の負帯電トナー
は正帯電の静電像に引かれて現像が行なわれる。
従つて現像時にはトナーは明瞭な負極性に帯電し
ていなければならない。またそのためにキヤリア
材は明瞭な正極性に帯電しなければならない。し
かし磁性粒子からなるキヤリア材の場合は特に高
湿下においては帯電々荷が逃げ易く、明瞭な正極
性を示すことができなくなる。そこでこのような
欠点を改良する目的で磁性粒子表面に電気絶縁性
樹脂を被覆したものも提案されているが、このキ
ヤリア材の場合は樹脂皮膜の接着力、強度、硬
度、濡れ特性、撥水性等に劣るため、トナーとの
混合摩擦により被覆膜の剥離、摩耗或いは傷が生
じたり、キヤリア材へのトナーの成膜化(トナー
膜の付着)が起こるなどしてキヤリア材の機能低
下を来たすばかりでなく、湿度変化によりキヤリ
アの帯電性や流動性が変化するという欠点があつ
た。 本発明の目的は機械的応力に対する被覆膜の接
着力、強度及び硬度を高めることにより被覆膜の
剥離、摩耗、傷等を防止すると共に被覆膜の濡れ
特性を改善することによりトナーの成膜化を防止
した耐久性のすぐれた2成分系乾式現像剤用キヤ
リア材を提供することである。 本発明の他の目的は被覆膜の撥水性を改善する
ことにより湿度変化に対しても安定な帯電性及び
流動性を維持し得る2成分系乾式現像剤を提供す
ることである。 即ち本発明のキヤリア材は磁性粒子を、一般式 RSi(OR)3 (但しRはC1〜C4のアルキル基) で示されるアルキルトリアルコキシシラン1重量
部と一般式 Si(OR)4(但しRは前述の通り) で示されるテトラアルコキシシラン0.01〜0.4重
量部との混合物の部分加水分解物で表面処理して
なるものである。 なお前記部分加水分解物は脱水又は脱アルコー
ル縮合によつて次のような3次元網状のオルガノ
ポリシロキサン構造を有するシリコン樹脂とな
る。 このように本発明のキヤリア材は従来と同様、
磁性粒子表面に被覆膜が形成されているが、この
被覆膜は化学的反応を伴なわない単なる被覆によ
るものではなく、化学的反応を伴なつた表面処理
的要素を含ませた点で従来の形成手段とは本質的
に相違する上、被覆膜の特性自体、従来のものと
全く異なつている。即ち、前記一般式で示される
アルキルトリアルコキシシラン及びテトラアルコ
キシシランの各アルコキシ基は加水分解により金
属やガラス表面と化学結合するOH基となるが、
本発明の被覆膜はこのようなOH基を有するアル
コキシシランの部分加水分解物から形成されるた
め、磁性粒子との接着力がきわめて強い。またこ
の部分加水分解物から形成される被覆膜はシリカ
やケイ酸塩と同様なオルガノポリシロキサン構造
を有するため、高硬度であり、被覆膜の耐摩耗
性、耐傷性を向上することができる。しかもこの
オルガノポリシロキサンは一般の樹脂よりも表面
張力が小さく、このため濡れ特性が改良され、ま
た摩擦係数の低下もあつて、トナー膜の付着が抑
制される。更にこのオルガノポリシロキサンは一
般の樹脂に比べて撥水性が良いため、湿度変化が
あつても混合摩擦時に安定な正帯電性及び流動性
をキヤリア材に与えることができる。 本発明に使用される部分加水分解物の原料はア
ルキルトリアルコキシシラン及びテトラアルコキ
シシランである。このアルキルトリアルコキシシ
ランとしてはメチルトリメトキシシラン、エチル
トリエトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン
などが例示されるが、本発明ではメチルトリメト
キシシランが好ましい。またテトラアルコキシシ
ランとしてはテトラメトキシシラン、テトラエト
キシシラン、テトラプロポキシシラン及びテトラ
ブトキシシランがあるが、本発明ではテトラエト
キシシランが好ましい。なお本発明の部分加水分
解物を調製する際、これら原料の配合割合は重要
で、テトラアルコキシシランの使用量はアルキル
トリアルコキシシラン1重量部当り0.01〜0.4重
量部でなければならない。この使用量が0.01重量
部未満では得られる部分加水分解物の硬度が不足
し、また0.4重量部を越えると部分加水分解物の
成膜性が悪くなる。 本発明に使用される部分加水分解物はアルキル
トリアルコキシシランとテトラアルコキシシラン
との所定量混合物をアルコール、ジオキサン等の
溶媒中、触媒の存在下、室温で加水分解して作ら
れる。触媒としては酸、アルカリいずれも使用で
きるが、アルカリ触媒よりも高分子量のものが得
られる点で酸(希塩酸又は希硫酸)が好ましい。 本発明のキヤリア材を作るには以上のようにし
て得られる部分加水分解物の溶液を鉄、鋼等の磁
性粒子(粒径50〜150μ程度のもの)にスプレー
するか、或いは前記溶液中に磁性粒子を浸漬後、
乾燥して成膜化すればよい。この場合、加水分解
物の使用量は磁性粒子1000重量部に対し乾燥付着
量で5〜56.5重量部程度が適当である。なお溶液
中には被覆膜の硬化を促進するため、ナフテン酸
コバルト、酢酸ナトリウム、氷酢酸、亜硝酸ナト
リウム、有機アミン等の有機金属塩、酸又はアル
カリ等からなる硬化促進剤を添加することが好ま
しい。 以下に実施例を示す。 実施例 メチルトリメトキシシラン(以下成分Aとい
う)とテトラエトキシシラン(以下成分Bとい
う)とを下記表に示す量で混合し、この混合物を
イソプロパノール880mlに溶解した後、これに
0.1N−HCl 7gを添加し、室温で3時間撹拌し
て部分加水分解反応を行なう。反応液の温度は若
干の発熱により上昇する。室温に冷却後、反応液
に、酢酸ナトリウム0.2gをイソプロパノール80
mlに溶かした溶液を加え、均一な表面処理用溶液
を得る。次にこの溶液を、90℃の温度に維持した
循環流動化ベツド中で粒径50〜150μの脱脂した
鋼ビーズ(市販品)1.5Kgの表面にスプレーした
後、1時間乾燥してキヤリア材を製造した。 次に得られたキヤリア材10重量部を市販の2成
分系乾式現像剤(磁気ブラシ現像用)用トナー
0.3部と混合して現像剤とした。次にキヤリア材
の耐久性を試験するため、各現像剤を市販の電子
写真複写機の現像部に充填し、24時間撹拌してキ
ヤリア材を強制劣化せしめ、その表面を顕微鏡観
察して外観、トナー膜の付着状況及び被覆物の接
着性(剥れの有無)を調べた。その結果を同表に
示す。なお強制劣化の際、トナー粒子は静電的に
キヤリア材表面に付着するので、顕微鏡観察を行
なう前に、キヤリア材に付着したトナー粒子はブ
ローオフ式トナー帯電量測定器のトナー分離能を
利用して予め除去した。
The present invention relates to a carrier material for a two-component dry developer used for developing electrostatic images. In the case of dry development, positive electrostatic images formed on electrophotographic photoreceptors, etc. are usually produced using a two-component dry developer obtained by mixing and rubbing colored resin particles called toner and magnetic particles called carrier material. Developed. In this case, the toner and carrier material in the developer are charged to a negative polarity and a positive polarity, respectively, due to mixing friction. When the developer in this state is brought close to or in contact with the electrostatic image, the negatively charged toner in the developer is attracted to the positively charged electrostatic image and development is performed.
Therefore, the toner must be clearly negatively charged during development. Also, for this purpose, the carrier material must be charged to a distinct positive polarity. However, in the case of a carrier material made of magnetic particles, the electrical charges tend to escape, especially under high humidity, making it impossible to exhibit clear positive polarity. Therefore, in order to improve these drawbacks, it has been proposed that the surface of the magnetic particles is coated with an electrically insulating resin, but in the case of this carrier material, the adhesion, strength, hardness, wettability, and water repellency of the resin coating are This may cause the coating film to peel off, wear, or be scratched due to the friction of mixing with the toner, or the toner may form a film on the carrier material (adhesion of a toner film), resulting in a decline in the functionality of the carrier material. In addition, there was a drawback that the chargeability and fluidity of the carrier changed due to changes in humidity. The purpose of the present invention is to prevent peeling, abrasion, scratches, etc. of the coating film by increasing the adhesion, strength, and hardness of the coating film against mechanical stress, and to improve the wetting characteristics of the coating film, thereby improving the toner An object of the present invention is to provide a carrier material for a two-component dry type developer that prevents film formation and has excellent durability. Another object of the present invention is to provide a two-component dry developer that can maintain stable chargeability and fluidity even against changes in humidity by improving the water repellency of the coating film. That is, the carrier material of the present invention combines magnetic particles with 1 part by weight of an alkyltrialkoxysilane represented by the general formula RSi(OR) 3 (where R is an alkyl group of C 1 to C 4 ) and the general formula Si(OR) 4 ( (where R is as described above) The surface is treated with a partial hydrolyzate of a mixture with 0.01 to 0.4 parts by weight of tetraalkoxysilane. The above-mentioned partial hydrolyzate becomes a silicone resin having the following three-dimensional network organopolysiloxane structure by dehydration or dealcoholization condensation. In this way, the carrier material of the present invention is similar to the conventional one,
A coating film is formed on the surface of the magnetic particles, but this coating film is not simply a coating that does not involve a chemical reaction, but is unique in that it includes surface treatment elements that involve a chemical reaction. In addition to being essentially different from conventional forming means, the characteristics of the coating film itself are also completely different from conventional methods. That is, each alkoxy group of the alkyltrialkoxysilane and tetraalkoxysilane represented by the above general formula becomes an OH group that chemically bonds with the metal or glass surface by hydrolysis.
Since the coating film of the present invention is formed from a partially hydrolyzed alkoxysilane having such an OH group, it has extremely strong adhesion to magnetic particles. In addition, the coating film formed from this partial hydrolyzate has an organopolysiloxane structure similar to silica and silicate, so it has high hardness and can improve the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the coating film. can. Furthermore, this organopolysiloxane has a lower surface tension than general resins, and therefore has improved wetting characteristics and also has a lower coefficient of friction, thereby suppressing toner film adhesion. Furthermore, since this organopolysiloxane has better water repellency than general resins, it can provide the carrier material with stable positive chargeability and fluidity during mixing friction even when humidity changes. The raw materials for the partial hydrolyzate used in the present invention are alkyltrialkoxysilanes and tetraalkoxysilanes. Examples of the alkyltrialkoxysilane include methyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, and methyltriethoxysilane, with methyltrimethoxysilane being preferred in the present invention. Examples of tetraalkoxysilane include tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, and tetrabutoxysilane, and tetraethoxysilane is preferred in the present invention. In preparing the partial hydrolyzate of the present invention, the mixing ratio of these raw materials is important, and the amount of tetraalkoxysilane used must be 0.01 to 0.4 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of alkyltrialkoxysilane. If the amount used is less than 0.01 part by weight, the resulting partial hydrolyzate will have insufficient hardness, and if it exceeds 0.4 part by weight, the film-forming properties of the partial hydrolyzate will deteriorate. The partial hydrolyzate used in the present invention is prepared by hydrolyzing a mixture of a predetermined amount of an alkyltrialkoxysilane and a tetraalkoxysilane in a solvent such as alcohol or dioxane in the presence of a catalyst at room temperature. Both acids and alkalis can be used as the catalyst, but acids (dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid) are preferable because they yield products with higher molecular weight than alkaline catalysts. To make the carrier material of the present invention, the solution of the partial hydrolyzate obtained as described above is sprayed onto magnetic particles (particle size of about 50 to 150μ) of iron, steel, etc., or the solution is added to the solution. After immersing the magnetic particles,
It is sufficient to dry and form a film. In this case, the appropriate amount of the hydrolyzate to be used is about 5 to 56.5 parts by weight on a dry basis per 1000 parts by weight of the magnetic particles. In addition, in order to accelerate the hardening of the coating film, a hardening accelerator consisting of cobalt naphthenate, sodium acetate, glacial acetic acid, sodium nitrite, organic metal salts such as organic amines, acids, or alkalis may be added to the solution. is preferred. Examples are shown below. Example Methyltrimethoxysilane (hereinafter referred to as component A) and tetraethoxysilane (hereinafter referred to as component B) were mixed in the amounts shown in the table below, and this mixture was dissolved in 880 ml of isopropanol.
Add 7 g of 0.1N HCl and stir at room temperature for 3 hours to carry out a partial hydrolysis reaction. The temperature of the reaction solution rises due to a slight exotherm. After cooling to room temperature, add 0.2 g of sodium acetate to the reaction solution and add 80 g of isopropanol.
ml of the solution to obtain a uniform surface treatment solution. This solution was then sprayed onto the surface of 1.5 kg of degreased steel beads (commercially available) with a particle size of 50-150 μ in a circulating fluidization bed maintained at a temperature of 90°C, and dried for 1 hour to form a carrier material. Manufactured. Next, 10 parts by weight of the obtained carrier material was added to a commercially available two-component dry developer (for magnetic brush development) toner.
A developer was prepared by mixing with 0.3 parts. Next, in order to test the durability of the carrier material, each developer was filled into the developing section of a commercially available electrophotographic copying machine, stirred for 24 hours to forcibly deteriorate the carrier material, and its surface was observed under a microscope to determine its appearance. The state of adhesion of the toner film and the adhesion of the coating (presence or absence of peeling) were examined. The results are shown in the same table. During forced deterioration, toner particles electrostatically adhere to the surface of the carrier material, so before microscopic observation, the toner particles adhering to the carrier material should be removed using the toner separation ability of a blow-off type toner charge measuring device. It was removed in advance.

【表】 また試料No.2のキヤリア材100重量部を前記ト
ナー0.3重量部と混合して現像剤とし、これを同
様に前記複写機の現像部に入れ、1000枚の複写を
行なつた後、同様にしてキヤリア材を顕微鏡観察
したところ、トナー膜の付着は殆んどなく、また
すり傷も殆んどなく、きれいな表面であつた。一
方、比較のため、市販の未処理の鋼ビーズをキヤ
リア材とした他は同一條件で現像例を調製し、同
じ複写テストを行なつたところ、このキヤリア材
の場合は多量のトナー付着が観察された。 以上の如く、本発明のキヤリア材は混合摩擦に
よつてもトナーの付着又は蓄積が少なく、且つす
り傷も少ない密着した硬い被覆膜を形成している
ことが判る。
[Table] Also, 100 parts by weight of the carrier material of sample No. 2 was mixed with 0.3 parts by weight of the above-mentioned toner to make a developer, and this was similarly placed in the developing section of the above-mentioned copying machine, and after 1000 copies were made. When the carrier material was similarly observed under a microscope, it was found that the surface was clean with almost no toner film adhesion and almost no scratches. On the other hand, for comparison, a development example was prepared under the same conditions except that commercially available untreated steel beads were used as the carrier material, and the same copying test was conducted.A large amount of toner adhesion was observed with this carrier material. It was done. As described above, it can be seen that the carrier material of the present invention forms a tightly adhered hard coating film with less toner adhesion or accumulation and less scratches even by mixed friction.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 磁性粒子を、一般式 RSi(OR)3 (但しRはC1〜C4のアルキル基) で示されるアルキルトリアルコキシシラン1重量
部と一般式 Si(OR)4(但しRは前述の通り) で示されるテトラアルコキシシラン0.01〜0.4重
量部との混合物の部分加水分解物で表面処理して
なる2成分系乾式現像剤用キヤリア材。
[Claims] 1. Magnetic particles are combined with 1 part by weight of an alkyltrialkoxysilane represented by the general formula RSi(OR) 3 (where R is an alkyl group of C 1 to C 4 ) and the general formula Si(OR) 4 ( A carrier material for a two-component dry developer, the surface of which is treated with a partial hydrolyzate of a mixture of 0.01 to 0.4 parts by weight of tetraalkoxysilane (where R is as described above).
JP10548578A 1978-08-31 1978-08-31 Carrier material for two component dry system developer Granted JPS5533109A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10548578A JPS5533109A (en) 1978-08-31 1978-08-31 Carrier material for two component dry system developer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP10548578A JPS5533109A (en) 1978-08-31 1978-08-31 Carrier material for two component dry system developer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5533109A JPS5533109A (en) 1980-03-08
JPS62495B2 true JPS62495B2 (en) 1987-01-08

Family

ID=14408884

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP10548578A Granted JPS5533109A (en) 1978-08-31 1978-08-31 Carrier material for two component dry system developer

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5533109A (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4600677A (en) * 1982-03-15 1986-07-15 Xerox Corporation Organoalkoxysilane carrier coatings
JPS59201064A (en) * 1983-04-28 1984-11-14 Tdk Corp Magnetic carrier particle for electrophotographic development
JPS606953A (en) * 1983-06-27 1985-01-14 Ricoh Co Ltd Carrier for electrostatic latent image developer
JP4121252B2 (en) * 2001-03-27 2008-07-23 株式会社リコー Electrostatic latent image developing carrier, developer, developing method and developing apparatus using the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5533109A (en) 1980-03-08

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