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JPS6258388B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS6258388B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6258388B2
JPS6258388B2 JP54061654A JP6165479A JPS6258388B2 JP S6258388 B2 JPS6258388 B2 JP S6258388B2 JP 54061654 A JP54061654 A JP 54061654A JP 6165479 A JP6165479 A JP 6165479A JP S6258388 B2 JPS6258388 B2 JP S6258388B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
polyester
film
particle size
particles
crosslinked polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP54061654A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS55155029A (en
Inventor
Masaji Watanabe
Seiji Sakamoto
Kazuo Endo
Takeshi Ito
Juzo Ootani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Diafoil Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Diafoil Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Diafoil Co Ltd filed Critical Diafoil Co Ltd
Priority to JP6165479A priority Critical patent/JPS55155029A/en
Priority to US06/144,047 priority patent/US4320207A/en
Priority to GB8014053A priority patent/GB2052521B/en
Priority to DE19803019073 priority patent/DE3019073A1/en
Publication of JPS55155029A publication Critical patent/JPS55155029A/en
Publication of JPS6258388B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6258388B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明はポリエステルと共有結合し得る架橋高
分子の製造方法に関する。 更に詳しくは特定の細孔を有する架橋高分子を
原料として、粉砕により得られた特殊な粒度分布
の鋭いポリエステルフイルム用架橋高分子微粉体
の製造方法に関する。 今日ポリエステル、特にポリエチレンテレフタ
レートの二軸延伸フイルムは引張強度、引裂強
さ、弾性率、透明性、耐薬品性、耐熱性など種々
の特性において優れており、金銀糸用、転写マー
ク用、製版用、離型用、写真用、包装用等におい
て更に電気絶縁材料、コンデンサー誘電体、磁気
記録媒体等多くの分野において広く利用されてい
る。 しかしかかるポリエステルフイルムは各用途に
応じその要求特性が異なり、例えば金銀糸用、転
写マーク用、製版用及び離型用等に利用されるい
わゆる半透明フイルムにおいてはフイルム取扱い
時の作業性に優れ、且つ透明性を損わないものが
特に望まれる。 またオーデイオ、ビデオあるいはコンピユータ
ー磁気記録媒体としての磁気テープ用途において
は摩擦係数の低い事の他に耐摩耗性の良い事、電
磁変換特性を損わない事等が要求される。 更にコンデンサー誘電体用においては作業性や
電気特性等において優れたポリエステルフイルム
が望まれる。 即ち従来これらの特性を改善せんとして、フイ
ルム中に次の如き方法 析出法と呼ばれる方法で、主としてエステル
交換触媒として用いた金属化合物残渣を利用し
て系内に微細な粒子を沈殿せしめる方法 添加法と呼ばれる方法で粒度を並えた無機化
合物微粒子を反応系外より添加する方法 により不活性物質微粒子を存在せしめる方法が知
られているが、これらは次のような欠点を有す
る。 即ち、の方法は析出粒子量、粒子径が変化し
易いので滑り性のコントロールが難しく、またフ
イルム濁度の高い割には滑り性は不充分である。
更に再生使用した場合もとの滑り性を与えなくな
るという欠点もある。 一方の方法は無機化合物の粉砕、分級という
操作を要し且つかかる操作を経たとしてもポリエ
ステル中に均一に分散させることが困難で往々に
して凝集による粗大粒子を与えてしまう。さらに
上述の析出あるいは添加粒子の最大の欠点はポリ
エステルとの親和性の欠如である。即ちポリエス
テルフイルム同志あるいはポリエステルフイルム
と他の基材との摩耗により粒子がポリエステルフ
イルムから剥離し、例えば磁気テープ用フイルム
における白粉の発生やドロツプアウトの原因とな
る。また延伸時、粒子周辺に大きな空隙を生じる
ため透明性を損うようになる。 この親和性の欠如は同時に粒子同志の凝集を引
き起し透明性や美観を損ねる他、特に凝集が著し
い場合には製膜時フイルターの目塞りが著しく場
合によつてはフイルムの破断をもたらすようにな
る。凝集粒子の存在は特にコンデンサー用フイル
ムにおいては致命的で電気特性を著しく低下させ
てしまう。 本発明者らはこれら従来法の欠点を改善するた
めに、特定粒径の不溶、不融の架橋高分子微粉体
を特定量含有し、且つ該高分子微粉体は実質的に
ポリエステルと共有結合しているポリエステルフ
イルムに関し先に出願を行つた。(特願昭54−
7615) 即ち該ポリエステルフイルムにおいては該高分
子微粉体がポリエステル中に均一に分散し得るた
め凝集による粗大粒子を形成することが無く、且
つ該高分子微粉体が共有結合を介してポリエステ
ルと強固に結合しているため延伸時の空隙の発生
やフイルム表面からの粒子の剥離が無くしかも滑
り性付与効果が発揮できるなど数多くの利点があ
り各種の用途に用いることができる。更に該フイ
ルムはフイルム端部を再生利用しても新たに得ら
れるフイルムの特性が低下しない等工業的にも優
れている。 本発明者等はこの架橋高分子微粉体についてさ
らに検討を進めた結果、特に特定の比表面積と細
孔容積を有する架橋高分子を粉砕して得た架橋高
分子微粉体は極めて粒度分布が鋭く特にフイルム
用として添加するに適したものであること、及び
粉砕に要する時間が短縮され、工業的に極めて有
利であることを見い出し本発明に到達した。 即ち本発明は比表面積が1m2/g以上、細孔容
積が0.1ml/g以上であり、且つ実質的にポリエ
ステルと共有結合し得る架橋高分子を粉砕するこ
とを特徴とする、平均粒径0.1〜5μの、ポリエ
ステルフイルム用架橋高分子微粉体の製造方法に
存する。 以下本発明を更に詳細に説明する。 本発明のポリエステルとはポリエチレンテレフ
タレートを主体とするポリエステルを意味し、例
えばポリエチレンテレフタレートホモポリマー、
エチレンテレフタレート単位が少くとも80モル%
以上であるコポリマー、ブロツクポリマー等を指
す。 かかるポリエステルはテレフタル酸もしくはそ
のエステル形成性誘導体例えばジメチルテレフタ
レートとエチレングリコールとを主な出発物質と
し、これを常法により重合することによつて製造
することができる。 ポリエステル製造工程は通常エステル交換反応
又はエステル化反応を行ないポリエステルオリゴ
マーを得たのち重縮合反応を行なうという二段階
の工程をとるが、この場合エステル交換触媒とし
ては公知の化合物、例えばカルシウム化合物、マ
ンガン化合物、亜鉛化合物、リチウム化合物等の
1種以上を用いることができる。またエステル交
換反応又はエステル化反応が実質的に終了したの
ち、析出粒子の調節剤又は熱安定剤としてリン化
合物の1種以上を添加しても良い。 重縮合触媒としては公知のアンチモン化合物、
ゲルマニウム化合物、チタン化合物、スズ化合
物、コバルト化合物等の1種以上を用いることが
できるが特にアンチモン化合物及び/又はゲルマ
ニウム化合物を用いることが好ましい。 本発明の大きな特徴はポリエステルに添加する
架橋高分子微粉体の原料として比表面積が1m2
g以上、且つ細孔容積が0.1ml/g以上である架
橋高分子を用いる点にある。 即ち単に架橋構造を有するだけのいわゆるゲル
型高分子の場合には一応ポリエステルに添加する
に適した粒径にまで粉砕されはするもののその速
度は遅い。これに対し細孔を有する架橋高分子、
特に比表面積が1m2/g以上、且つ細孔容積が
0.1ml/g以上である架橋高分子を粉砕の原料に
用いた場合には同じ手段で同じ粒径の粒子を要す
る時間は半分以下で足りる。 しかもこの場合の特長として得られる高分子微
粉体の粒度分布がより鋭くなり該粒子を含有する
フイルムは特にフイルム表面の均一性が要求され
る分野において好ましく用いられる。 かかる粗大突起の無い均一で微細な表面構造を
有するフイルムの利点としては例えばフイツシ
ユ・アイが全く発生しない、また金属を蒸着した
場合均一でムラの無い高級な仕上りが可能とな
る、磁気テープ用途においてはドロツプアウトが
無くなり電磁変換特性が改良される、コンデンサ
ー用途においては耐電圧特性の低下を防止でき
る、更にフイルム製品全体の均一性に優れる等を
挙げることができる。従つて例えば写真用、製版
用、離型用、蒸着用、磁気テープ用及びコンデン
サー用等に効果的に用いることができる。 本発明に特徴的なこれらの利点は粉砕原料とし
ての架橋高分子が特定の比表面積、細孔容積を有
する場合に初めて発揮されるものであるが、この
理由は恐らく原料架橋高分子中に特定の細孔が多
数均一に存在するため、粉砕の開始点となると共
に細孔に沿つて開裂するので粉砕が容易に進行す
るものと考えられる。またこの細孔間の距離が比
較的均一であるので粉砕後の粒度分布が鋭くなる
ものと考えられる。換言すれば細孔を有しない架
橋高分子の粉砕過程が面積粉砕型であるのに比
べ、本発明の場合は体積粉砕型であるのがその特
徴である。 本発明で用いる被粉砕原料としての架橋高分子
は比表面積が1m2/g以上、且つ細孔容積が0.1
ml/g以上でなければならない。いずれかの条件
が欠けると架橋高分子中の細孔が不十分で本発明
の効果が発揮できない。 さらに本発明においてポリエステル製造工程中
に添加する架橋高分子微粉体は前記ポリエステル
または前記ポリエステル原料と共有結合し得る基
を有していなければならない。かかるポリエステ
ルと反応し共有結合を形成し得る基としては例え
ばエステル基、カルボキシル基、水酸基及びエポ
キシ基等を挙げることができる。 エステル基としてはアセトキシ基、プロピオニ
ルオキシ基のようなアシルオキシ基、メトキシカ
ルボニル基、エトキシカルボニル基のようなアル
コキシカルボニル基、リン酸エステル基等が挙げ
られる。 本発明で架橋高分子微粉体の粉砕原料として用
いるかかる細孔を有する架橋高分子は例えば次の
ような方法によつて製造することができる。 即ち、分子中に唯一個の脂肪族の不飽和結合を
有するモノビニル化合物(A)と、架橋剤として分子
中に2個以上の脂肪族の不飽和結合を有する化合
物(B)とを共重合せしめるに際し、有機溶媒あるい
は有機溶媒に可溶な高分子化合物(C)を共存させ共
重合反応終了後、生成した架橋高分子体中から化
合物(C)を除去せしめることによつて得られる。 共重合体の一成分であるモノビニル化合物(A)の
例としてはアクリル酸、メタクリル酸、及びこれ
らのメチルエステル、エチルエステル等の低級ア
ルキルエステルまたはグリシジルエステル、無水
マレイン酸及びそのアルキル誘導体、ビニルグリ
シジルエーテル、酢酸ビニル、ポリエステルと共
有結合し得る前述の活性基を有するスチレン誘導
体等を挙げることができる。 また共重合体の他の一成分である化合物(B)の例
としてはジビニルベンゼン、ジビニルスルホン等
のジビニル化合物を挙げることができる。化合物
(A)及び(B)は各々一種類以上用いるがこれらの系に
更にエチレンやスチレンを加えても良い。また窒
素原子を有する化合物を共重合させても良い。窒
素原子を有する高分子微粉体はポリエステルに着
色、特に黄色味をもたらす傾向があるが、着色が
問題でない用途には使用し得る。 これらの共重合体の典型的な例としてはメタク
リル酸メチルとジビニルベンゼン、またはアクリ
ル酸メチルとジビニルベンゼンの共重合体を挙げ
ることができる。またこれらアルキルエステル基
を有する架橋高分子をケン化するか、メタクリル
酸エステルの代りにメタクリル酸、アクリル酸エ
ステルの代りにアクリル酸を用いて共重合を行な
えば容易にカルボキシル基を有する架橋高分子を
得ることができる。 生成架橋高分子中に細孔を付与するため、化合
物(A)と化合物(B)とを共重合せしめるに際し供存せ
しめる化合物(C)としては例えばn−ヘキサン、n
−ヘプタン、シクロヘキサン、ケロシン、トルエ
ン、キシレン等の炭化水素化合物、n−ブタノー
ル、n−ヘキサノール、プロピルアルコール等の
アルコール化合物、及びポリスチレン、ポリ酢酸
ビニル、ポリアルキレンオキサイド等の有機溶媒
に可溶な線状高分子化合物を挙げることができ
る。 化合物(C)としてはこれらの化合物の一種以上を
用いるが生成架橋高分子中に本発明に必要な細孔
を付与させるためには、特に有機溶媒に可溶な線
状高分子化合物を用いることが好ましい。その線
状高分子化合物の量は生成架橋高分子に対し10重
量%以上、特に20〜100重量%が好ましい。 なお化合物(C)の存在下化合物(A)と化合物(B)とを
共重合せしめるための重合開始剤としては周知の
化学的ラジカル開始剤、例えばアゾイソブチロニ
トリル、過酸化ベンゾイル、t−ブチルパーオキ
サイド、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド等を用い
るか、紫外線照射法が簡更であるが、単に加熱に
よつて重合を開始させても良い。 なお化合物(C)は架橋高分子中に細孔を付与する
という役割を果した後は除去しておくのがよい。
何故ならば架橋高分子中に化合物(C)が存在したま
まであると多少粉砕効果が低減されるし、また粉
砕後の微粒子をポリエステルに添加し重縮合反応
を行なう際発泡が生じ易くなる。 化合物(C)を除去するためには、ポリスチレン、
ポリ酢酸ビニル等の線状高分子化合物を含む場合
にはこれらを溶解する有機溶媒、例えばトルエン
で抽出すれば良い。また有機溶媒は乾燥工程を経
ることにより取り除くことができる。もちろん化
合物(C)は完全に除去する必要は無く本発明の効果
が充分に発揮できる程度に除去しておけば良い。 このようにして本発明で用いる被粉砕原料とし
ての架橋高分子を得ることができる。 本発明の特徴の一つはかかる特定の比表面積と
細孔容積とを有する架橋高分子を粉砕してポリエ
ステルに添加するに特に適した平均粒径0.1〜5
μの架橋高分子微粉体を得るにある。 通常10〜数百μ程度の大きさで得られる前記架
橋高分子を粉砕するに適した方法としては、例え
ばジエツトミル、流体エネルギーミル、ボールミ
ルを挙げることができる。これらのうちでは特に
ジエツトミル及び流体エネルギーミルが好適に用
いられる。なおこれらの粉砕方法のうち2種以上
を併用し段階的に粉砕して良いことは勿論であ
る。 いずれにしても前記架橋高分子を粉砕原料とし
て用いれば短時間で粒度分布の鋭い架橋高分子微
粉体を得ることができ、通常分級工程を省略でき
るが、必要に応じ分級工程を組み合わせても良
い。分級法としては例えば半自由うず式、強制う
ず式、ハイドロサイクロン式や遠心分離法があり
これらのいずれを採用しても良い。 以上のような方法により初めて本発明に必要な
平均粒径0.1〜5μの架橋高分子微粉体を得るこ
とができる。平均粒径が0.1μ未満であると該粒
子を含有して成るポリエステルを用いて得られる
フイルムの表面粗度が小さく滑り性付与効果が不
充分であるし耐摩耗性も改良されない。一方平均
粒径が5μを越えると電磁変換特性や電気特性が
悪化するようになりまた製膜時のフイルターの寿
命が短くなりフイルター交換頻度が増すので生産
性が低下してしまう。 また本発明においてはかかる架橋高分子微粉体
はポリエステル中に0.001〜4重量%、好ましく
は0.02〜0.5重量%、更に好ましくは0.03〜0.2重
量%含まれている必要がある。この量が0.001重
量%未満であると該ポリエステルを用いて得られ
たフイルムの滑り性が不充分であるしまた耐摩耗
性の改良効果も無い。一方4重量%を越えて使用
しても滑に性付与効果や耐摩耗性改良効果が更に
発揮されることは無く逆に電磁変換特性が低下し
製膜時のフイルターの寿命が短くなる等の弊害が
生じるようになる。 本発明においては架橋高分子微粉体とポリエス
テルとの間に実質的に共有結合を完成させるため
には200℃以上の温度で少くとも4時間両者を反
応させることが好ましい。従つて本発明において
は架橋高分子微粉体の添加時期は重縮合反応段階
中期以前が好ましく、特にエステル交換反応時又
は重縮合反応開始時が好ましい。しかしながら架
橋高分子微粉体の中でもカルボキシル基を有する
ものはエステル交換反応中に添加するとエステル
交換触媒を失活させる傾向があるのでエステル交
換反応が実質的に終了したのちに添加するのが好
ましい。これに対し、例えばエステル基を有する
架橋高分子微粉体の場合にはかかる触媒毒の作用
は無くエステル交換反応中に添加することはより
長時間ポリエステルオリゴマーと接触させること
が可能となるのでむしろ好ましい条件として採用
される。勿論これら各種の粒子はエステル交換反
応が実質的に終了したのち重縮合反応開始時まで
の間に添加することにより充分目的を達成するこ
とができる。 ポリマー製造工程への架橋高分子微粉体の添加
方法としてはエチレングリコールのスラリーとし
て添加するのが良い。そのスラリー濃度としては
0.5〜20重量%程度が適当である。 一方架橋高分子微粉体を重縮合反応終了後のチ
ツプ状もしくは粉末状のポリエステルに添加混合
し押し出して製膜したのでは、架橋高分子微粉体
とポリエステルとの反応時間が短く架橋高分子微
粉体の各粒子がポリエステルと充分に反応してい
ないため親和性が改良されず延伸フイルムとした
時、該粒子周辺に空隙が発生しまた簡単な摩耗に
よつてフイルム表面から剥離する傾向にあるので
好ましくない。 なお本発明で用いる架橋高分子微粉体は特定の
比表面積と細孔容積とを有する架橋高分子を粉砕
して得られるものであるが、このものも当然なが
ら架橋構造を有している。架橋構造を有する高分
子微粉体はポリエステルの合成あるいは成形時の
高温においても不溶、不融であり、従つて添加時
の原形を維持したままポリエステル中に分散させ
ることができるという特徴を有する。また延伸時
析出粒子の場合に見られるような延伸応力によつ
て破壊してしまうという現象が生じないため再生
利用してもフイルムとしての特性が低下しない。 以上詳述した方法により得られたポリエステル
はそのままあるいは他のポリエステルで稀釈して
製膜することにより目的のフイルムを製造するこ
とができる。稀釈に用いる他のポリエステルとし
ては従来の析出法や添加法により製造されたポリ
エステル又は粒子を含有しないポリエステルを挙
げることができるが、いずれにしても最終的に得
られるポリエステルフイルム中には該高分子微粉
体が0.001〜4重量%含まれている必要がある。 かかるフイルムを得るためには公知の製膜方
法、例えば通常270〜295℃でフイルム状に溶融押
し出し後、50〜80℃で冷却固化し無定形シートと
した後、縦及び横に逐時二軸延伸あるいは同時二
軸延伸し、160〜240℃で熱処理する等の方法(例
えば特公昭30−5639号公報記載の方法)を採用す
ることができる。 以上述べた如く特定の比表面積と細孔容積とを
有する架橋高分子を粉砕原料として用いた時、短
時間で粒度分布の鋭いフイルム用ポリエステルに
添加するに特に適した架橋高分子微粉体を得るこ
とができる。ポリエステルと実質的に共有結合し
ている特定粒径の該架橋高分子微粉体を特定量含
有して成るポリエステルは該粒子がポリエステル
中に均一に分散しているため凝集による粗大粒子
を形成することが無く、且つ該粒子がポリエステ
ルと強固に結合しているため、該ポリエステルを
用いてフイルムを製造した場合延伸時の空隙の発
生やフイルム表面からの粒子の剥離が無くしかも
滑り性付与効果が発揮でき再生使用も可能等数多
くの利点があるため各種の用途に利用することが
できる。 特に粗大突起の無い均一で微細な表面構造を有
するため高級なフイルムとして利用価値が高い。 以下本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明す
る。 なお実施例及び比較例中「部」とあるは「重量
部」を示す。また用いた測定法を次に示す。 比表面積:乾燥した架橋高分子についてBET法
にて測定。単位はm2/g。 細孔容積:乾燥した架橋高分子について水銀圧入
法にて測定。単位はml/g。 平均粒径:顕微鏡によつた。即ち粒子あるいは粒
子を含むポリエステルをカバーグラスにはさみ
写真撮影後最大粒径を測定した。平均粒径は最
大径を直径とする球群の重量分布を算出するこ
とにより重量分率50%の点の直径で表わされた
粒径を指す。 粒度分布の鋭さ:重量分率75%の点の直径と重量
分率25%の点の直径との比γを粒度分布の鋭さ
の指標とした。この値γが小さく1に近いほど
粒度分布は鋭いことになる。 滑り性:摩擦係数で代表し、摩擦係数はASTM
D−1894に準じてテープ状のサンプルで測定で
きるよう改良した方法で行なつた。測定時のサ
ンプルの大きさは幅15mm、長さ150mmでその引
張り速度は20mm/minである。測定は温度21±
2℃、湿度65±5%の雰囲気下で行なつた。 フイルム濁度:ASTM D−1003−61の方法に従
い、日本電色製濁度計NDH−2A型を用いて測
定した。 耐摩耗性の測定:フイルムに一定荷重をかけてロ
ール間を往復させ一定時間後に得られた白粉発
生量の寡多により評価した。評価は三ランクに
分け最も良いものをAとした。 フイルターライフテスト:過面積31.2cm2の1500
メツシユフイルターを用い8.5Kg/hrで溶融ポ
リマーを押し出した際フイルター入口の圧力が
250Kg/cm2に達するまでの押出量を測定するこ
とにより、押出量の相対値で表わした。この数
値が大きいほど好ましい。 フイルム表面粗度の測定:多重干渉法によりフイ
ルム表面の粗度を測定した。即ち、日本光学社
製のサーフイシユ・フイニツシユを用い付属の
多重干渉装置を利用して1mm2当りの干渉の個数
を測定した。 高次の干渉の個数が急激に減少するものほど
表面が均一であることを示している。 実施例 1 〔架橋高分子微粉体の製造〕 メタクリル酸メチル100部、ジビニルベンゼン
35部、エチルビニルベンゼン32部、過酸化ベンゾ
イル1部、トルエン100部及び平均分子量20000の
ポリスチレン30部の均一溶液を水700部に分散さ
せた。 次に窒素雰囲気下で70℃に15時間撹拌しながら
加熱し重合を行なつた。 得られたエステル基を有する架橋高分子粒状体
の平均粒径は約0.2mmであつた。生成ポリマーを
水洗した後、室温で500部のトルエンを用いて抽
出操作を行ない少量の未反応モノマー、線状モノ
マー及びポリスチレンを除いた。次いでメタノー
ル200部及び水500部で洗つた後、減圧下80℃で24
時間乾燥した。 得られた架橋高分子は比表面積が7.5m2/g、
細孔容積が0.9ml/gであつた。 次に富士産業(株)製ジエツトミル(200AS)を用
いて粗粉砕し平均粒径10μの粉体を得、次いでこ
の粗粉砕品を原料としてサンドグラインダーを用
いて微粉砕を行なつた。 微粉砕化の条件:五十嵐機械製造(株)1/8G六筒
式サンドグラインダー、ベツセル容量0.5、
主軸回転数2000rpm.10重量%エチレングリコ
ールスラリー 1時間後、平均粒径2.5μ、粒度分布の鋭さの
指標γ値1.8の架橋高分子微粉体が得られた。 〔ポリエステルの製造〕 ジメチルテレフタレート100部、エチレングリ
コール70部及び酢酸カルシウム一水塩0.09部を反
応器にとり、更に先に得た平均粒径2.5μの架橋
高分子微粉体0.04部を添加しエステル交換反応を
行なつた。反応温度は反応開始時165℃とし2時
間後200℃とし更に2時間後230℃とした。 4時間後実質的にエステル交換反応の終了した
この反応混合物にリン酸0.036部及び三酸化アン
チモン0.04部を加え常法に従つて重合した。 即ち温度を230℃から徐々に昇温し280℃とし
た。一方圧力は常圧より徐々に減じ最終的に0.5
mmHgとした。4時間後ポリマーを吐出しチツプ
化した。 〔ポリエステルフイルムの製法〕 次にこのポリエステルを290℃で溶融しT型ダ
イから押し出して急冷した後、縦及び横方向に
各々3.5倍に延伸した後熱処理を行ない厚み25μ
のフイルムを得た。 このフイルムについての評価結果を第1表に示
す。 比較例 1 実施例1における粉砕原料である架橋高分子の
製造において、トルエン及びポリスチレンを添加
しない他は同様の重合及び処理を行なうことによ
り細孔を有しない架橋高分子を得た。 得られたエステル基を有する架橋高分子粒状体
の平均粒径は約0.2mmでその比表面積は0.13m2
g、細孔容積は0ml/gであつた。 次にこの架橋高分子をジエツトミルを用いて平
均粒径10μの粗粉砕品とし、次いで実施例1と同
じ条件下微粉砕を試みた。 1時間後、得られた粒子の平均粒径は6μでそ
のγ値は2.5であつた。 比較例 2 比較例1における平均粒径10μの粗粉砕品を実
施例1と同じ条件下6時間サンドグラインダーで
粉砕したところ平均粒径2.5μの微粉体を得るこ
とができたがそのγ値は2.4であつた。 次に実施例1と同様にしてこの微粉体0.04部を
含む厚み25μのポリエステルフイルムを得た。 このフイルムについての評価結果を第1表に示
す。 比較例 3 ジメチルテレフタレート100部、エチレングリ
コール70部及び酢酸カルシウム一水塩0.11部を反
応器にとりエステル交換反応を行なつた。 エステル交換反応終了後、三酸化アンチモン
0.03部を添加し常法に従つてポリエステルオリゴ
マーのカルシウム塩の析出粒子を含むポリエステ
ルを得た。この析出粒子の直径はおよそ2μであ
つた。 次にこのポリエステルを用いて実施例1と同様
にして厚み25μのポリエステルフイルムを得た。 このフイルムについての評価結果を第1表に示
す。 比較例 4 実施例1のポリエステルの製造において平均粒
径2.5μの架橋高分子微粉体の代りに平均粒径3
μ、γ値3.0のタルク0.04部を添加し実施例1と
同様にして厚み25μのフイルムを得た。 このフイルムについての評価結果を第1表に示
す。 実施例 2 メタクリル酸ブチル100部、エチレングリコー
ルジメタアクリレート40部、スチレン10部、過酸
化ベンゾイル1部、トルエン100部及び平均分子
量15000のポリスチレン40部の均一溶液を水500部
に分散させた。 次に窒素雰囲気下80℃で10時間撹拌しながら加
熱し重合を行なつた。 得られた共重合体の平均粒径は約0.15mmであつ
た。実施例1と同様にして抽出、洗浄、乾燥処理
を行なつた後、得られた架橋高分子の比表面積を
測定したところ12m2/gであり、その細孔容積は
1.0ml/gであつた。 次に該粒状体を実施例1と同様にジエツトミル
で粗粉砕し平均粒径10μの粒子とした後、実施例
1と同じ条件下微粉砕化した。 1時間後、得られた粒子の平均粒径は3.0μで
そのγ値は1.7であつた。 次に実施例1のポリエステルの製造において平
均粒径2.5μの微粒子0.04部の代りにこの平均粒
径3.0μの微粒子0.03部を添加する他は実施例1
と同様にしてポリエステルを得、次いで実施例1
と同様にして厚み25μのフイルムを得た。 このフイルムについての評価結果を第1表に示
す。 比較例 5 実施例2における粉砕原料である架橋高分子の
製造において、トルエン及びポリスチレンを添加
しない他は同様の重合及び処理を行なうことによ
り細孔を有しない架橋高分子を得た。得られた架
橋高分子粒状体の平均粒径は約0.2mmでその比表
面積は0.13m2/g、細孔容積は0ml/gであつ
た。 次にこの架橋高分子をジエツトミルを用いて平
均粒径10μの粗粉砕品とし、次いで実施例1と同
じ条件下微粉砕を試みた。 1時間後、得られた粒子の平均粒径は6μでそ
のγ値は2.6であつた。 実施例 3 本発明のフイルムにおける粒子とポリマーとの
親和性の程度を一定条件下での空隙の発生の程度
により評価した。 即ち各実施例及び比較例で得られた未配向フイ
ルムを85℃で縦及び横方向に7000%/分の条件で
各々3.5倍に延伸しフイルム中での粒子の長軸と
短軸の平均長さと、粒子の周辺に発生する空隙の
長軸と短軸の平均長さとの比を求めた。各粒子に
ついてのこの値の相加平均を求め粒子とポリマー
との親和性の尺度とした。この値が大きく1に近
づくほど空隙の発生は少く親和性は良いことにな
るが、実施例1及び2の場合はいずれも0.9以上
であつた。 これに対し、比較例2の場合は親和性の尺度は
0.7で実施例に比べかなり劣るものであつたし、
比較例3の如き粒子がポリエステルオリゴマーの
カルシウム塩の場合には延伸により破壊され測定
が不可能であつた。また比較例4のように粒子と
して無機化合物であるタルクを用いた場合はその
親和性の尺度は0.4で、比較例のいずれもが粒子
とポリマーとの親和性が不充分であることを示し
ている。 実施例及び比較例から明らかな如く特定の比表
面積と細孔容積とを有する架橋高分子を粉砕原料
に用いればポリエステルに添加するに特に適した
粒度分布の鋭い平均粒径0.1〜5μの架橋高分子
微粉体を容易に得ることができる。 しかも該粒子を含有して成るフイルムはフイル
ムに要求される特性、例えば滑り性と透明性、耐
摩耗性等に優れ、且つ極めて均一で微細な表面構
造を有するので各種の用途に効果的に用いること
ができる。 また実施例で得られたフイルム中には架橋高分
子微粉体が極めて均一に分散しており、しかも各
粒子の周辺には実質的に空隙の発生が認められず
本発明で用いる粒子とポリエステルとの親和性が
良いことを裏づけている。 【表】
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing crosslinked polymers that can be covalently bonded to polyesters. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing fine crosslinked polymer powder for use in polyester films with a special sharp particle size distribution obtained by pulverizing a crosslinked polymer having specific pores as a raw material. Today, biaxially stretched polyester films, especially polyethylene terephthalate, have excellent properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, modulus of elasticity, transparency, chemical resistance, and heat resistance, and are used for gold and silver thread, transfer marks, and plate making. It is widely used in many fields such as mold release, photography, packaging, electrical insulation materials, capacitor dielectrics, and magnetic recording media. However, such polyester films have different required properties depending on their use.For example, so-called translucent films used for gold and silver thread, transfer marks, plate making, mold release, etc. have excellent workability when handling the film, In addition, a material that does not impair transparency is particularly desired. In addition, when magnetic tape is used as an audio, video or computer magnetic recording medium, it is required to have a low coefficient of friction, good wear resistance, and no loss of electromagnetic conversion characteristics. Furthermore, polyester films with excellent workability and electrical properties are desired for use in capacitor dielectrics. That is, in order to improve these properties, the following methods have been used in the past: A method called a precipitation method, in which fine particles are precipitated in the system mainly by using the residue of a metal compound used as a transesterification catalyst An addition method. There is a known method in which fine particles of an inert substance are made to exist by adding fine particles of an inorganic compound having a uniform particle size from outside the reaction system, but these methods have the following drawbacks. That is, in the method (2), since the amount and diameter of precipitated particles easily change, it is difficult to control the slipperiness, and the slipperiness is insufficient considering the high film turbidity.
Furthermore, it also has the disadvantage that it no longer retains its original slipperiness when recycled. One method requires operations such as pulverization and classification of the inorganic compound, and even after such operations, it is difficult to uniformly disperse the inorganic compound in the polyester and often results in coarse particles due to agglomeration. Furthermore, the biggest drawback of the above-mentioned precipitated or added particles is their lack of affinity with polyester. That is, particles are peeled off from the polyester film due to abrasion between the polyester films or between the polyester film and another base material, causing, for example, the generation of white powder or dropouts in films for magnetic tapes. Furthermore, during stretching, large voids are created around the particles, which impairs transparency. This lack of affinity also causes aggregation of particles, impairing transparency and aesthetics, and if the aggregation is particularly severe, the filter during film formation can become severely clogged, and in some cases, the film may break. It becomes like this. The presence of agglomerated particles is particularly fatal to capacitor films and significantly reduces electrical properties. In order to improve the shortcomings of these conventional methods, the present inventors have developed a method that contains a specific amount of insoluble and infusible crosslinked polymer fine powder of a specific particle size, and that the polymer fine powder is substantially covalently bonded to polyester. An application was previously filed regarding a polyester film. (Special application 1972-
7615) That is, in the polyester film, the fine polymer powder can be uniformly dispersed in the polyester, so there is no formation of coarse particles due to aggregation, and the fine polymer powder is firmly bonded to the polyester through covalent bonds. Since it is bonded, it has many advantages such as no generation of voids during stretching and no peeling of particles from the film surface, and can exert the effect of imparting slipperiness, and can be used for various purposes. Furthermore, the film is industrially superior in that even if the end portion of the film is recycled, the properties of the newly obtained film do not deteriorate. As a result of further studies on this cross-linked polymer fine powder, the present inventors found that the cross-linked polymer fine powder obtained by crushing a cross-linked polymer having a specific specific surface area and pore volume has an extremely sharp particle size distribution. The present inventors have discovered that it is especially suitable for adding to films, and that the time required for pulverization is shortened, which is extremely advantageous industrially. That is, the present invention is characterized in that a crosslinked polymer having a specific surface area of 1 m 2 /g or more, a pore volume of 0.1 ml/g or more, and capable of substantially covalently bonding with polyester is pulverized, and has an average particle size. A method for producing a crosslinked polymer fine powder for polyester film having a particle size of 0.1 to 5μ. The present invention will be explained in more detail below. The polyester of the present invention means a polyester mainly composed of polyethylene terephthalate, such as polyethylene terephthalate homopolymer,
At least 80 mol% ethylene terephthalate units
Refers to copolymers, block polymers, etc. that are the above. Such a polyester can be produced by using terephthalic acid or its ester-forming derivatives such as dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol as main starting materials and polymerizing them in a conventional manner. The polyester manufacturing process usually takes a two-step process in which a polyester oligomer is obtained by performing a transesterification reaction or an esterification reaction, and then a polycondensation reaction is performed.In this case, known compounds such as calcium compounds and manganese are used as transesterification catalysts. One or more of compounds, zinc compounds, lithium compounds, etc. can be used. Furthermore, after the transesterification reaction or the esterification reaction is substantially completed, one or more phosphorus compounds may be added as a regulator or heat stabilizer for precipitated particles. Known antimony compounds as polycondensation catalysts,
One or more types of germanium compounds, titanium compounds, tin compounds, cobalt compounds, etc. can be used, but it is particularly preferable to use antimony compounds and/or germanium compounds. The major feature of the present invention is that as a raw material for crosslinked polymer fine powder added to polyester, the specific surface area is 1 m 2 /
g or more and a pore volume of 0.1 ml/g or more is used. That is, in the case of so-called gel-type polymers that simply have a crosslinked structure, although they can be pulverized to a particle size suitable for addition to polyester, the speed of pulverization is slow. On the other hand, crosslinked polymers with pores,
In particular, the specific surface area is 1 m 2 /g or more and the pore volume is
When a crosslinked polymer having a particle size of 0.1 ml/g or more is used as a raw material for pulverization, the time required to produce particles of the same particle size using the same method is less than half the time. Moreover, the particle size distribution of the fine polymer powder obtained in this case is sharper, and films containing such particles are preferably used particularly in fields where uniformity of the film surface is required. The advantage of a film with a uniform and fine surface structure free of coarse protrusions is that, for example, it does not produce any fish eyes, and when metal is vapor-deposited, it can produce a uniform, even, high-quality finish, which is useful for magnetic tape applications. Among the advantages of this film are that it eliminates dropouts and improves electromagnetic conversion characteristics, prevents deterioration of withstand voltage characteristics when used in capacitors, and provides excellent uniformity throughout the film product. Therefore, it can be effectively used for, for example, photography, plate making, mold release, vapor deposition, magnetic tape, and capacitors. These advantages characteristic of the present invention are first exhibited when the crosslinked polymer as the raw material for pulverization has a specific specific surface area and pore volume. Since a large number of pores uniformly exist, it becomes a starting point for pulverization and cleavage occurs along the pores, so it is thought that pulverization progresses easily. Furthermore, since the distance between the pores is relatively uniform, it is thought that the particle size distribution after pulverization becomes sharp. In other words, while the pulverization process for crosslinked polymers having no pores is an area pulverization type, the present invention is characterized by a volumetric pulverization type. The crosslinked polymer as the raw material to be crushed used in the present invention has a specific surface area of 1 m 2 /g or more and a pore volume of 0.1
Must be at least ml/g. If any of the conditions is lacking, the pores in the crosslinked polymer will be insufficient and the effects of the present invention will not be exhibited. Further, in the present invention, the crosslinked polymer fine powder added during the polyester manufacturing process must have a group capable of covalently bonding with the polyester or the polyester raw material. Examples of groups that can react with such polyesters to form covalent bonds include ester groups, carboxyl groups, hydroxyl groups, and epoxy groups. Examples of the ester group include an acetoxy group, an acyloxy group such as a propionyloxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group such as a methoxycarbonyl group and an ethoxycarbonyl group, and a phosphate ester group. The crosslinked polymer having such pores used as a pulverized raw material for the crosslinked polymer fine powder in the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following method. That is, a monovinyl compound (A) having only one aliphatic unsaturated bond in the molecule and a compound (B) having two or more aliphatic unsaturated bonds in the molecule as a crosslinking agent are copolymerized. It can be obtained by allowing an organic solvent or a polymer compound (C) soluble in the organic solvent to coexist and removing the compound (C) from the crosslinked polymer produced after the copolymerization reaction is completed. Examples of the monovinyl compound (A) that is a component of the copolymer include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, lower alkyl esters or glycidyl esters thereof such as methyl esters and ethyl esters, maleic anhydride and its alkyl derivatives, and vinyl glycidyl. Examples include styrene derivatives having the above-mentioned active groups that can be covalently bonded to ether, vinyl acetate, and polyester. Examples of the compound (B) which is another component of the copolymer include divinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinylsulfone. Compound
One or more types of each of (A) and (B) are used, but ethylene or styrene may be further added to these systems. Further, a compound having a nitrogen atom may be copolymerized. Fine polymer powders containing nitrogen atoms tend to give polyester a coloration, particularly a yellow tinge, but they can be used in applications where coloration is not a problem. Typical examples of these copolymers include copolymers of methyl methacrylate and divinylbenzene, or methyl acrylate and divinylbenzene. In addition, if these crosslinked polymers having alkyl ester groups are saponified or copolymerized using methacrylic acid in place of methacrylic acid ester and acrylic acid in place of acrylic acid ester, crosslinked polymers having carboxyl groups can be easily obtained. can be obtained. In order to provide pores in the resulting crosslinked polymer, examples of the compound (C) present during copolymerization of compound (A) and compound (B) include n-hexane and n-hexane.
- Lines soluble in hydrocarbon compounds such as heptane, cyclohexane, kerosene, toluene, and xylene, alcohol compounds such as n-butanol, n-hexanol, and propyl alcohol, and organic solvents such as polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, and polyalkylene oxide. Examples include polymeric compounds in the form of One or more of these compounds may be used as the compound (C), but in order to provide the crosslinked polymer with the pores necessary for the present invention, a linear polymer compound that is particularly soluble in an organic solvent should be used. is preferred. The amount of the linear polymer compound is preferably 10% by weight or more, particularly 20 to 100% by weight, based on the crosslinked polymer produced. As a polymerization initiator for copolymerizing compound (A) and compound (B) in the presence of compound (C), well-known chemical radical initiators such as azoisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, t- Polymerization may be initiated by using butyl peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, or the like, or simply by heating, although ultraviolet irradiation is a simple method. Note that the compound (C) is preferably removed after it has played the role of providing pores in the crosslinked polymer.
This is because if the compound (C) remains present in the crosslinked polymer, the pulverizing effect is somewhat reduced, and foaming is likely to occur when the pulverized fine particles are added to polyester and polycondensation reaction is carried out. In order to remove compound (C), polystyrene,
When linear polymer compounds such as polyvinyl acetate are included, extraction may be performed with an organic solvent that dissolves them, such as toluene. Further, the organic solvent can be removed through a drying process. Of course, it is not necessary to completely remove compound (C), but it is sufficient to remove it to the extent that the effects of the present invention can be fully exhibited. In this way, a crosslinked polymer as a raw material to be crushed used in the present invention can be obtained. One of the features of the present invention is that the crosslinked polymer having such a specific specific surface area and pore volume is pulverized and has an average particle size of 0.1 to 5, which is particularly suitable for adding to polyester.
The purpose is to obtain a crosslinked polymer fine powder of μ. Suitable methods for pulverizing the crosslinked polymer, which is usually obtained in a size of about 10 to several hundred microns, include, for example, a jet mill, a fluid energy mill, and a ball mill. Among these, jet mills and fluid energy mills are particularly preferred. Of course, two or more of these pulverization methods may be used in combination to perform pulverization in stages. In any case, if the above crosslinked polymer is used as a pulverized raw material, crosslinked polymer fine powder with a sharp particle size distribution can be obtained in a short time, and the classification step can usually be omitted, but the classification step may be combined if necessary. . As the classification method, there are, for example, a semi-free whirlpool method, a forced whirlpool method, a hydrocyclone method, and a centrifugation method, and any of these methods may be employed. Only by the method described above can a fine crosslinked polymer powder having an average particle size of 0.1 to 5 μm, which is necessary for the present invention, be obtained. If the average particle size is less than 0.1 μ, the surface roughness of a film obtained using a polyester containing the particles will be small, the slipperiness imparting effect will be insufficient, and the abrasion resistance will not be improved. On the other hand, if the average particle size exceeds 5 μm, the electromagnetic characteristics and electrical characteristics will deteriorate, and the life of the filter during film formation will be shortened, resulting in an increase in the frequency of filter replacement, resulting in a decrease in productivity. Further, in the present invention, the crosslinked polymer fine powder must be contained in the polyester in an amount of 0.001 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.02 to 0.5% by weight, and more preferably 0.03 to 0.2% by weight. If this amount is less than 0.001% by weight, the film obtained using the polyester will have insufficient slipperiness and will not have the effect of improving abrasion resistance. On the other hand, if it is used in excess of 4% by weight, the effect of imparting lubricity and improving wear resistance will not be further demonstrated, and on the contrary, the electromagnetic conversion characteristics will deteriorate and the life of the filter during film formation will be shortened. Harmful effects will begin to occur. In the present invention, in order to substantially complete the covalent bond between the crosslinked polymer fine powder and polyester, it is preferable to react them at a temperature of 200° C. or higher for at least 4 hours. Therefore, in the present invention, the crosslinked polymer fine powder is preferably added before the middle stage of the polycondensation reaction, particularly preferably during the transesterification reaction or at the start of the polycondensation reaction. However, among crosslinked polymer fine powders, those having carboxyl groups tend to deactivate the transesterification catalyst when added during the transesterification reaction, so it is preferable to add them after the transesterification reaction has substantially completed. On the other hand, for example, in the case of a crosslinked polymer fine powder having an ester group, there is no effect of such a catalyst poison, and it is rather preferable to add it during the transesterification reaction because it enables contact with the polyester oligomer for a longer period of time. Adopted as a condition. Of course, the purpose can be fully achieved by adding these various particles after the transesterification reaction is substantially completed and before the polycondensation reaction is started. A good method for adding the crosslinked polymer fine powder to the polymer production process is to add it as an ethylene glycol slurry. The slurry concentration is
Approximately 0.5 to 20% by weight is appropriate. On the other hand, when cross-linked polymer fine powder is added to polyester chips or powder after polycondensation reaction and extruded to form a film, the reaction time between cross-linked polymer fine powder and polyester is short, and cross-linked polymer fine powder is It is preferable because the particles do not react sufficiently with the polyester, so when the affinity is not improved and a stretched film is formed, voids are generated around the particles and they tend to peel off from the film surface due to simple abrasion. do not have. Note that the crosslinked polymer fine powder used in the present invention is obtained by pulverizing a crosslinked polymer having a specific specific surface area and pore volume, and naturally this powder also has a crosslinked structure. Polymer fine powder having a crosslinked structure is insoluble and infusible even at high temperatures during synthesis or molding of polyester, and therefore has the characteristic that it can be dispersed in polyester while maintaining its original shape at the time of addition. Further, since the film does not break due to stretching stress, unlike the case of particles precipitated during stretching, its properties as a film do not deteriorate even if it is recycled. The polyester obtained by the method detailed above can be used as it is or diluted with other polyester to form a film to produce a desired film. Other polyesters used for dilution include polyesters produced by conventional precipitation methods or addition methods, or polyesters that do not contain particles, but in any case, the final polyester film does not contain the polymer. It is necessary to contain 0.001 to 4% by weight of fine powder. In order to obtain such a film, a known film forming method is used, for example, it is usually melted and extruded into a film at 270 to 295°C, then cooled and solidified at 50 to 80°C to form an amorphous sheet, and then biaxially rotated vertically and horizontally. A method such as stretching or simultaneous biaxial stretching and heat treatment at 160 to 240° C. (for example, the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 30-5639) can be employed. As described above, when a crosslinked polymer having a specific specific surface area and pore volume is used as a pulverized raw material, a crosslinked polymer fine powder particularly suitable for being added to film polyester with a sharp particle size distribution can be obtained in a short time. be able to. A polyester containing a specific amount of the crosslinked polymer fine powder of a specific particle size that is substantially covalently bonded to the polyester does not form coarse particles due to aggregation because the particles are uniformly dispersed in the polyester. In addition, since the particles are strongly bonded to the polyester, when a film is produced using the polyester, there is no generation of voids during stretching or peeling of the particles from the film surface, and the effect of imparting slipperiness is exhibited. It has many advantages such as being able to be recycled and reused, so it can be used for a variety of purposes. In particular, it has a uniform and fine surface structure without large protrusions, so it has high utility value as a high-grade film. The present invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to Examples. In the examples and comparative examples, "parts" indicate "parts by weight." The measurement method used is shown below. Specific surface area: Measured using the BET method on dry crosslinked polymers. The unit is m 2 /g. Pore volume: Measured by mercury intrusion method on dry crosslinked polymer. The unit is ml/g. Average particle size: Obtained using a microscope. That is, the particles or the polyester containing the particles were sandwiched between cover glasses, and the maximum particle size was measured after taking a photograph. The average particle size refers to the particle size expressed as the diameter at a point where the weight fraction is 50% by calculating the weight distribution of a group of spheres with the maximum diameter as the diameter. Sharpness of particle size distribution: The ratio γ between the diameter at a point with a weight fraction of 75% and the diameter at a point with a weight fraction of 25% was used as an index of the sharpness of a particle size distribution. The smaller this value γ is and the closer it is to 1, the sharper the particle size distribution will be. Sliding property: Represented by friction coefficient, friction coefficient is ASTM
The measurement was carried out in accordance with D-1894 using a method modified so that it could be measured using a tape-shaped sample. The size of the sample during measurement was 15 mm in width and 150 mm in length, and the tensile speed was 20 mm/min. Measurements are made at a temperature of 21±
The test was carried out in an atmosphere of 2°C and humidity of 65±5%. Film turbidity: Measured using a Nippon Denshoku turbidimeter model NDH-2A according to the method of ASTM D-1003-61. Measurement of abrasion resistance: A constant load was applied to the film, the film was moved back and forth between rolls, and evaluation was made based on the amount of white powder generated after a certain period of time. The evaluation was divided into three ranks and the best one was given A. Filter life test: 1500 with over area 31.2cm2
When extruding molten polymer at 8.5Kg/hr using a mesh filter, the pressure at the filter inlet was
By measuring the extrusion amount until reaching 250 kg/cm 2 , the extrusion amount was expressed as a relative value. The larger this value is, the more preferable it is. Measurement of film surface roughness: The film surface roughness was measured by multiple interference method. That is, the number of interferences per 1 mm 2 was measured using a Nippon Kogaku surfing instrument and an attached multiple interference device. The more rapidly the number of high-order interferences decreases, the more uniform the surface is. Example 1 [Production of crosslinked polymer fine powder] 100 parts of methyl methacrylate, divinylbenzene
A homogeneous solution of 35 parts of ethylvinylbenzene, 32 parts of ethylvinylbenzene, 1 part of benzoyl peroxide, 100 parts of toluene, and 30 parts of polystyrene having an average molecular weight of 20,000 was dispersed in 700 parts of water. Next, polymerization was carried out by heating at 70° C. for 15 hours with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. The average particle size of the obtained crosslinked polymer particles having ester groups was about 0.2 mm. After washing the produced polymer with water, extraction was performed using 500 parts of toluene at room temperature to remove a small amount of unreacted monomer, linear monomer, and polystyrene. After washing with 200 parts of methanol and 500 parts of water, the mixture was heated at 80°C under reduced pressure for 24 hours.
Dry for an hour. The obtained crosslinked polymer has a specific surface area of 7.5 m 2 /g,
The pore volume was 0.9 ml/g. Next, the powder was coarsely pulverized using a jet mill (200AS) manufactured by Fuji Sangyo Co., Ltd. to obtain a powder with an average particle size of 10 μm, and then finely pulverized using a sand grinder using this coarsely pulverized product as a raw material. Conditions for pulverization: Igarashi Kikai Seizo Co., Ltd. 1/8G six-cylinder sand grinder, Betsu cell capacity 0.5,
Spindle rotation speed: 2000 rpm. 10% by weight ethylene glycol slurry After 1 hour, a crosslinked polymer fine powder with an average particle size of 2.5 μm and a γ value of 1.8, which is an index of the sharpness of particle size distribution, was obtained. [Manufacture of polyester] 100 parts of dimethyl terephthalate, 70 parts of ethylene glycol, and 0.09 part of calcium acetate monohydrate are placed in a reactor, and 0.04 part of the crosslinked polymer fine powder with an average particle size of 2.5μ obtained earlier is added for transesterification. The reaction was carried out. The reaction temperature was 165°C at the start of the reaction, 200°C after 2 hours, and 230°C after 2 hours. After 4 hours, 0.036 part of phosphoric acid and 0.04 part of antimony trioxide were added to this reaction mixture, in which the transesterification reaction had substantially completed, and polymerization was carried out in accordance with a conventional method. That is, the temperature was gradually raised from 230°C to 280°C. On the other hand, the pressure gradually decreases from normal pressure and finally reaches 0.5
mmHg. After 4 hours, the polymer was discharged and made into chips. [Manufacturing method for polyester film] Next, this polyester was melted at 290°C, extruded through a T-shaped die, rapidly cooled, stretched 3.5 times in the vertical and horizontal directions, and then heat-treated to a thickness of 25μ.
I got the film. The evaluation results for this film are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 1 A crosslinked polymer without pores was obtained by performing the same polymerization and treatment as in Example 1, except that toluene and polystyrene were not added. The average particle size of the resulting crosslinked polymer particles having ester groups was approximately 0.2 mm, and the specific surface area was 0.13 m 2 /
g, and the pore volume was 0 ml/g. Next, this crosslinked polymer was coarsely pulverized using a diet mill to have an average particle size of 10 μm, and then pulverization was attempted under the same conditions as in Example 1. After 1 hour, the average particle size of the particles obtained was 6 μm and the γ value was 2.5. Comparative Example 2 When the coarsely pulverized product in Comparative Example 1 with an average particle size of 10μ was crushed with a sand grinder for 6 hours under the same conditions as in Example 1, a fine powder with an average particle size of 2.5μ could be obtained, but the γ value was It was 2.4. Next, in the same manner as in Example 1, a 25 μm thick polyester film containing 0.04 part of this fine powder was obtained. The evaluation results for this film are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 3 100 parts of dimethyl terephthalate, 70 parts of ethylene glycol, and 0.11 parts of calcium acetate monohydrate were placed in a reactor and a transesterification reaction was carried out. After the transesterification reaction, antimony trioxide
A polyester containing precipitated particles of a calcium salt of a polyester oligomer was obtained by adding 0.03 part and following a conventional method. The diameter of the precipitated particles was approximately 2μ. Next, using this polyester, a polyester film having a thickness of 25 μm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The evaluation results for this film are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 4 In the production of polyester in Example 1, instead of the crosslinked polymer fine powder with an average particle size of 2.5 μm, an average particle size of 3 μm was used.
A film with a thickness of 25 μm was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 0.04 part of talc having μ and γ values of 3.0 was added. The evaluation results for this film are shown in Table 1. Example 2 A homogeneous solution of 100 parts of butyl methacrylate, 40 parts of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 10 parts of styrene, 1 part of benzoyl peroxide, 100 parts of toluene, and 40 parts of polystyrene having an average molecular weight of 15,000 was dispersed in 500 parts of water. Next, polymerization was carried out by heating at 80° C. for 10 hours with stirring under a nitrogen atmosphere. The average particle size of the obtained copolymer was about 0.15 mm. After extraction, washing, and drying were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, the specific surface area of the obtained crosslinked polymer was measured to be 12 m 2 /g, and its pore volume was
It was 1.0ml/g. Next, the granules were coarsely pulverized using a jet mill in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain particles having an average particle size of 10 μm, and then finely pulverized under the same conditions as in Example 1. After 1 hour, the average particle size of the particles obtained was 3.0μ and the γ value was 1.7. Next, in the production of polyester in Example 1, 0.03 parts of fine particles with an average particle size of 3.0 μm were added instead of 0.04 parts of fine particles with an average particle size of 2.5 μm.
Polyester was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
A film with a thickness of 25 μm was obtained in the same manner as above. The evaluation results for this film are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example 5 A crosslinked polymer without pores was obtained by performing the same polymerization and treatment as in Example 2, except that toluene and polystyrene were not added. The average particle size of the obtained crosslinked polymer particles was about 0.2 mm, the specific surface area was 0.13 m 2 /g, and the pore volume was 0 ml/g. Next, this crosslinked polymer was coarsely pulverized using a diet mill to have an average particle size of 10 μm, and then pulverization was attempted under the same conditions as in Example 1. After 1 hour, the average particle size of the particles obtained was 6 μm and the γ value was 2.6. Example 3 The degree of affinity between particles and polymer in the film of the present invention was evaluated based on the degree of generation of voids under certain conditions. That is, the unoriented films obtained in each of the Examples and Comparative Examples were stretched 3.5 times in the longitudinal and transverse directions at 7000%/min at 85°C, and the average length of the major and minor axes of the particles in the film was calculated. The ratio of the average length of the long axis to the short axis of the voids generated around the particles was determined. The arithmetic average of these values for each particle was determined and used as a measure of the affinity between the particles and the polymer. The larger this value approaches 1, the fewer voids occur and the better the affinity, but in both Examples 1 and 2, it was 0.9 or more. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Example 2, the affinity scale is
It was 0.7, which was considerably inferior to the example,
When the particles of Comparative Example 3 were calcium salts of polyester oligomers, they were destroyed by stretching and measurement was impossible. In addition, when talc, an inorganic compound, was used as particles as in Comparative Example 4, the affinity scale was 0.4, indicating that all of the comparative examples had insufficient affinity between the particles and the polymer. There is. As is clear from the Examples and Comparative Examples, if a crosslinked polymer having a specific specific surface area and pore volume is used as a pulverized raw material, a crosslinking height of 0.1 to 5μ with a sharp particle size distribution and a particularly suitable average particle size for addition to polyester can be obtained. Molecular fine powder can be easily obtained. Moreover, the film containing these particles has excellent properties required for a film, such as slipperiness, transparency, and abrasion resistance, and has an extremely uniform and fine surface structure, so it can be used effectively for various purposes. be able to. In addition, the crosslinked polymer fine powder was extremely uniformly dispersed in the film obtained in the example, and there were virtually no voids around each particle, indicating that the particles used in the present invention and the polyester This confirms that there is good affinity between the two. 【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 比表面積が1m2/g以上、細孔容積が0.1
ml/g以上であり、且つ実質的にポリエステルと
共有結合し得る架橋高分子を粉砕することを特徴
とする、平均粒径0.1〜5μの、ポリエステルフ
イルム用架橋高分子微粉体の製造方法。
1 Specific surface area is 1 m 2 /g or more, pore volume is 0.1
ml/g or more and which is characterized by pulverizing crosslinked polymers capable of substantially covalently bonding with polyester.
JP6165479A 1979-01-25 1979-05-19 Polyester film Granted JPS55155029A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6165479A JPS55155029A (en) 1979-05-19 1979-05-19 Polyester film
US06/144,047 US4320207A (en) 1979-01-25 1980-04-28 Polyester film containing fine powder of crosslinked polymer
GB8014053A GB2052521B (en) 1979-05-19 1980-04-29 Polyester film containing fine powder crosslinked polymer
DE19803019073 DE3019073A1 (en) 1979-05-19 1980-05-19 POLYESTER FILM CONTAINING A FINE-PIECE CROSS-LINKED POLYMER

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP6165479A JPS55155029A (en) 1979-05-19 1979-05-19 Polyester film

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS55155029A JPS55155029A (en) 1980-12-03
JPS6258388B2 true JPS6258388B2 (en) 1987-12-05

Family

ID=13177420

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP6165479A Granted JPS55155029A (en) 1979-01-25 1979-05-19 Polyester film

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS55155029A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55158937A (en) * 1979-05-30 1980-12-10 Diafoil Co Ltd Polyester film
DE3313923A1 (en) * 1983-04-16 1984-10-18 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt POLYESTER RAW MATERIAL, MOLDED BODIES MADE THEREOF, PREFERABLY A FILM, AND USE OF THE MOLDED BODIES
DE3501017A1 (en) * 1985-01-15 1986-07-17 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt ORIENTED PLASTIC FILM
JPH0811771B2 (en) * 1990-09-06 1996-02-07 ダイアホイルヘキスト株式会社 Biaxially oriented polyester film
JPH05154972A (en) * 1991-07-02 1993-06-22 Unitika Ltd Roughened film and method for producing the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS595216A (en) * 1982-06-30 1984-01-12 Fujitsu Ltd Optical fiber connector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS55155029A (en) 1980-12-03

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