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JPS6259410B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS6259410B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS6259410B2
JPS6259410B2 JP54005722A JP572279A JPS6259410B2 JP S6259410 B2 JPS6259410 B2 JP S6259410B2 JP 54005722 A JP54005722 A JP 54005722A JP 572279 A JP572279 A JP 572279A JP S6259410 B2 JPS6259410 B2 JP S6259410B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
molded
anode
battery
powder
thickness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP54005722A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5598463A (en
Inventor
Yoshitane Tsuburaya
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maxell Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Maxell Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Maxell Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Maxell Ltd
Priority to JP572279A priority Critical patent/JPS5598463A/en
Publication of JPS5598463A publication Critical patent/JPS5598463A/en
Publication of JPS6259410B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6259410B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/06Electrodes for primary cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

この発明は厚さ0.6mm以下の成形陽極を使用し
たボタン型電池の製造方法に関する。 一般にボタン型電池では酸化銀、酸化マンガン
などの陽極活物質を電池内に収納する前にあらか
じめ円板状に加圧成形しているが、この加圧成形
に際して成形陽極の周縁に断面L字状の金属製環
状台座を固着させ、これをそのまま電池内部に収
納して封口時に加わる圧を前記の台座で食い止め
て封口圧に起因する成形陽極の変形ないし崩れを
防止するようにしている。 ところが、このような台座付き成形陽極は、通
常所定の金型内に環状台座を配置し、これに陽極
活物質粉末やりん状黒鉛のような導電助剤粉末な
どを充填して上方から加圧成形することによつて
製造されているが、金型内から取り出したときに
成形物が径方向ないし厚さ方向に伸びようとす
る、いわゆるスプリングバツク現象を引きおこ
す。 この場合、径方向外方への伸張力は、環状台座
が配置された側では成形と同時に固着される環状
台座で食い止められるが、環状台座が配置されて
いない側はさえぎるものがないので自由に伸張す
るため、成形陽極の厚さが薄いものでは、第3図
に示されるように成形陽極11の中心部が彎曲し
この彎曲部11aに亀裂ないし割れが生じたり、
あるいは環状台座12が成形陽極から離脱してし
まうなどの問題がある。 そのような問題は、成形陽極の厚さが従来のよ
うに約1.8mm程度あるものの場合には、それほど
発生せずしたがつて特に懸念すべきものとならな
かつたが、近年は電池の薄型化に伴ない成形陽極
の厚さも薄くすることが要請されており、そのよ
うな薄い成形陽極を製造する場合には、前記の問
題は頻繁に発生し、たとえば酸化第一銀を陽極活
物質とするボタン型アルカリ電池では成形陽極の
厚さが0.6mm以下になると急激に不良発生件数が
増大し、厚さが0.5mmのものでは不良発生率が70
%にも達するというように、早急に解決すること
が必要とされる問題となつている。 この発明者は、そのような事情に鑑み種々研究
を重ねた結果、成形陽極を陽極活物質粉末と平均
粒径1〜5μのニツケル粉末とを混合らいかいし
てなる合剤を環状台座と一体に加圧成形すること
によつて作製するときは、成形陽極の厚さが0.6
mm以下の場合でも亀裂ないし割れの発生や環状台
座の脱離などを防止しうることを見出し、それに
基づいてこの発明を完成するにいたつた。 すなわち、前記スプリングバツク現象は、加圧
成形時に混入した空気の膨脹や、粉末同士の静電
気的な反撥、あるいは粉末の機械的強度が大きく
加圧成形時の圧縮によつては粉末が完全にはつぶ
れないということに起因する成形合剤の残留応力
などによつて惹起されるものと考えられるが、ニ
ツケルは展性、延性に富み、酸化第一銀などの陽
極活物質となじみがよくかつ柔らかいため、加圧
成形時に陽極活物質間の空隙に入りこみ、しかも
ニツケル同士がくつついて該空隙を埋めるため、
抱き込む空気量が少なくなり、かつ陽極活物質と
の間で静電気的な反撥を生じることがなく、しか
も圧縮によつて充分につぶれるので残留応力が小
さいため、スプリングバツクが抑制され、その結
果、成形陽極の亀裂ないし割れの発生や環状台座
の脱離などが防止されるのである。しかも、この
発明においては、ニツケル粉末としてカーボニル
ニツケルと称される平均粒径が1〜5μという微
細なものを用いるため、加圧成形時にニツケル粉
末が陽極活物質間の空隙に入りこみやすく、合剤
密度を高めるので、加圧成形時に陽極活物質間に
抱き込む空気量が非常に少なくなり、それによつ
てスプリングバツクが抑御され、成形陽極の亀裂
ないし割れの発生や環状台座の脱離などが充分に
防止されるようになるのである。 またニツケル粉末の使用量としては、一般に陽
極構成成分中12〜30重量%程度とするのが好まし
い。すなわちニツケル粉末の使用量が前記範囲よ
り少ないときはスプリングバツクの抑制効果が充
分でなく、逆に前記範囲より多いときは活物質充
填量が少なくなり、電気量が小さくなつて電池の
商品価値がなくなるからであるからである。 この発明において陽極活物質としては、酸化第
一銀、二酸化マンガン、酸化水銀、過酸化ニツケ
ル、酸化銅、硫化鉄、塩化銀などが使用される。
なおこの発明において陽極活物質としては酸化第
一銀に少量の二酸化マンガンを添加したようなも
のでもよい。またりん状黒鉛などの導電助剤粉末
を少量添加してもよい。 なお加圧成形時の圧力としては、従来の場合と
同様に、通常4300〜6480Kg/cm2が採用される。 第1図は、酸化第一銀粉末86.2重量%と平均粒
径1μのニツケル粉末13.8重量%とを混合らいか
いしてなる合剤と金属製環状台座とを5390Kg/cm2
の圧力で一体に加圧成形したこの発明に係る成形
陽極と、酸化第一銀粉末90重量%、二酸化マンガ
ン粉末6重量%および黒鉛粉末4重量%を混合ら
いかいしてなる合剤と金属製環状台座とを5390
Kg/cm2で一体に加圧成形した従来の成形陽極とを
それぞれ100個ずつ作製した際のスプリングバツ
クに基づく成形陽極の亀裂ないし割れの発生や台
座の脱離などによる不良発生率を成形陽極の肉厚
と関連づけて示したものである。 第1図からも明らかなように、従来の成形陽極
の場合は曲線bに示されるように成形陽極の厚さ
が0.6mm以下になると不良発生率が急激に増大す
るが、この発明に係る成形陽極の場合は曲線aに
示されるように厚さが0.6mm以下でも不良発生率
が少ない。 第2図はこの発明に係るボタン型電池の一例を
示す断面図であり、1は酸化第一銀などの陽極活
物質粉末と平均粒径1〜5μのニツケル粉末とを
混合らいかいしてなる合剤を断面L字状の金属製
の環状台座2と一体に加圧成形した成形陽極であ
つて、この成形陽極1にはアルカリ電解液の一部
が含浸されている。3は成形陽極1および環状台
座2に接するセパレータであり、このセパレータ
3はたとえば親水処理された微孔性樹脂フイルム
と、セロハンと、ビニロン−レーヨン混抄紙など
からなる吸液層とを積み重ねたものである。4は
アマルガム化された亜鉛活物質にアルカリ電解液
の大半量を注入してなる陰極剤である。 5は成形陽極1およびセパレータ3を内填させ
る鉄にニツケルメツキが施された缶などからなる
陽極缶で、缶開口部に陰極剤4を内填させた陰極
端子板6をポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ナイ
ロンなどの各種樹脂もしくはゴムからなる断面ほ
ぼL字状の環状ガスケツト7を介装して嵌合さ
せ、陽極缶5の開口端部を内方へ締付けて電池内
部を密閉構造にしている。 陰極端子板6は鋼板の外面側に美観ないし耐腐
食性を満足させるニツケル層を、内面側に亜鉛活
物質との局部電池の形成を防止するための銅層を
設けた構成からなり、通常鋼板、ニツケル層およ
び銅層からなるクラツド板を絞り加工によつて周
辺折り返し部8を有する形状に加工するか、ある
いは鋼板だけをあらかじめ同様の手段で成形加工
し、その後メツキ法によりニツケル層および銅層
を成形したものである。なおガスケツト7と陽極
缶5および陰極端子板6との接面にはアスフアル
トピツチ、フツ素系オイルなどの液状パツキング
材が介在されている。 次の第1表は第2図に例示したような構成から
なるこの発明によるボタン型アルカリ電池Aと従
来のボタン型アルカリ電池Bとの電池特性を示し
たものである。なお電池Aは成形陽極として酸化
第一銀粉末86.2重量%と平均粒径1μのニツケル
粉末13.8重量%とを混合らいかいしてなる合剤と
金属製の環状台座とを5390Kg/cm2で一体に厚さ
0.5mmの円板状に加圧成形したものを用いたもの
であり、電池Bは成形陽極として酸化第一銀粉末
90重量%、二酸化マンガン粉末6重量%および黒
鉛粉末4重量%を混合してなる合剤と金属製の環
状台座とを5390Kg/cm2で一体に厚さ0.5mmの円板
状に加圧成形したものを用いたものである。
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a button battery using a molded anode having a thickness of 0.6 mm or less. Generally, in button-type batteries, the anode active material such as silver oxide or manganese oxide is pressure-molded into a disk shape before being stored in the battery. A metal annular pedestal is fixed, and this is housed inside the battery as it is, and the pressure applied during sealing is stopped by the pedestal, thereby preventing deformation or collapse of the molded anode due to the sealing pressure. However, such molded anodes with a pedestal are usually made by placing an annular pedestal in a predetermined mold, filling it with anode active material powder or conductive additive powder such as phosphorous graphite, and pressurizing it from above. Although it is manufactured by molding, it causes a so-called springback phenomenon in which the molded product tends to expand in the radial direction or thickness direction when removed from the mold. In this case, the outward stretching force in the radial direction is stopped by the annular pedestal, which is fixed at the same time as the molding, on the side where the annular pedestal is placed, but on the side where the annular pedestal is not placed, there is no obstruction, so it can be freely used. Because of the stretching, if the thickness of the molded anode is thin, the center of the molded anode 11 may be curved as shown in FIG. 3, and cracks or cracks may occur in the curved portion 11a.
Alternatively, there is a problem that the annular pedestal 12 may separate from the molded anode. Such problems did not occur as much when the thickness of the molded anode was about 1.8 mm, as was the case in the past, so it was not a particular cause for concern, but in recent years, batteries have become thinner. As a result, the thickness of molded anodes is also required to be reduced, and when manufacturing such thin molded anodes, the above-mentioned problem frequently occurs. For molded alkaline batteries, the number of defects increases rapidly when the thickness of the molded anode becomes 0.6 mm or less, and for batteries with a thickness of 0.5 mm, the number of defects increases to 70%.
%, it has become a problem that needs to be solved immediately. In view of these circumstances, the inventor has conducted various studies, and as a result, the inventor has integrated a molded anode with an annular pedestal by mixing a mixture of anode active material powder and nickel powder with an average particle size of 1 to 5 μm. When fabricated by pressure molding, the thickness of the molded anode is 0.6
The inventors have discovered that even when the diameter is less than mm, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cracks or cracks and the detachment of the annular pedestal, and based on this finding, the present invention has been completed. In other words, the springback phenomenon is caused by expansion of air mixed in during pressure molding, electrostatic repulsion between powders, or if the powder has a large mechanical strength and is compressed during pressure molding. This is thought to be caused by residual stress in the molding mixture due to its resistance to crushing, but nickel is malleable and ductile, and is compatible with anode active materials such as ferrous oxide and is soft. Therefore, during pressure molding, the nickel gets into the gaps between the anode active materials, and the nickel sticks together to fill the gaps.
The amount of trapped air is reduced, there is no electrostatic repulsion with the anode active material, and the residual stress is small because it collapses sufficiently when compressed, so springback is suppressed, and as a result, This prevents the molded anode from cracking or cracking and the annular pedestal from coming off. Moreover, in this invention, since a fine material called carbonyl nickel with an average particle diameter of 1 to 5 μm is used as the nickel powder, the nickel powder easily enters the voids between the anode active materials during pressure molding, and the mixture By increasing the density, the amount of air trapped between the anode active materials during pressure molding is extremely small, thereby suppressing springback and preventing cracks in the molded anode and detachment of the annular pedestal. This will be fully prevented. The amount of nickel powder to be used is generally preferably about 12 to 30% by weight based on the anode constituents. In other words, if the amount of nickel powder used is less than the above range, the effect of suppressing springback will not be sufficient, and conversely, if it is more than the above range, the amount of active material filled will decrease, the amount of electricity will decrease, and the commercial value of the battery will decrease. Because it will disappear. In this invention, as the positive electrode active material, silver oxide, manganese dioxide, mercury oxide, nickel peroxide, copper oxide, iron sulfide, silver chloride, etc. are used.
In the present invention, the anode active material may be one in which a small amount of manganese dioxide is added to silver oxide. Further, a small amount of conductive additive powder such as phosphorescent graphite may be added. Note that the pressure during pressure molding is usually 4300 to 6480 Kg/cm 2 as in the conventional case. Figure 1 shows a mixture made by mixing 86.2% by weight of ferrous oxide powder and 13.8% by weight of nickel powder with an average particle size of 1μ, and a metal annular pedestal at 5390Kg/cm 2 .
The molded anode according to the present invention, which is integrally press-molded at a pressure of 5390 with circular pedestal
Molded anodes are calculated based on the spring back of 100 conventional molded anodes that are integrally pressure-molded at Kg/ cm2 , and the failure rate due to cracks or cracks in the molded anodes or detachment of the pedestal. This is shown in relation to the wall thickness. As is clear from FIG. 1, in the case of conventional molded anodes, the defect rate increases rapidly when the thickness of the molded anode becomes 0.6 mm or less, as shown by curve b, but the molded anode according to the present invention In the case of anodes, as shown by curve a, the failure rate is low even when the thickness is 0.6 mm or less. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a button-type battery according to the present invention, in which 1 is a battery made by mixing anode active material powder such as first silver oxide with nickel powder having an average particle size of 1 to 5 μm. This is a molded anode in which a mixture is pressure molded integrally with a metal annular pedestal 2 having an L-shaped cross section, and the molded anode 1 is partially impregnated with an alkaline electrolyte. 3 is a separator in contact with the molded anode 1 and the annular pedestal 2, and this separator 3 is a stack of, for example, a hydrophilically treated microporous resin film, cellophane, and a liquid-absorbing layer made of vinylon-rayon mixed paper. It is. 4 is a cathode material made by injecting most of the alkaline electrolyte into an amalgamated zinc active material. Reference numeral 5 denotes an anode can made of nickel-plated iron in which the molded anode 1 and separator 3 are placed, and a cathode terminal plate 6 with a cathode agent 4 filled in the opening of the can is made of polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, etc. An annular gasket 7 made of various resins or rubber and having a substantially L-shaped cross section is inserted and fitted, and the open end of the anode can 5 is tightened inward to form a sealed structure inside the battery. The cathode terminal plate 6 is made of a steel plate, with a nickel layer on the outer side to satisfy aesthetics and corrosion resistance, and a copper layer on the inner side to prevent the formation of local batteries with the zinc active material. , a clad plate consisting of a nickel layer and a copper layer is drawn into a shape having a peripheral folded part 8, or a steel plate is formed in advance by a similar method, and then the nickel layer and copper layer are formed by a plating method. It is molded. A liquid packing material such as asphalt pitch or fluorine oil is interposed between the gasket 7 and the anode can 5 and cathode terminal plate 6. The following Table 1 shows the battery characteristics of the button-type alkaline battery A according to the present invention and the conventional button-type alkaline battery B having the configuration as illustrated in FIG. Battery A is a molded anode made of a mixture of 86.2% by weight of ferrous oxide powder and 13.8% by weight of nickel powder with an average particle size of 1 μm, and a metal annular pedestal integrated at 5390 kg/cm 2 . to thickness
Battery B uses 0.5 mm disk-shaped pressure molded material, and battery B uses ferrous oxide powder as the molded anode.
A mixture of 90% by weight, 6% by weight of manganese dioxide powder, and 4% by weight of graphite powder was press-formed into a disc shape with a thickness of 0.5mm at 5390Kg/cm 2 and a metal annular pedestal. This is what we used.

【表】 第1表からも明らかなように、この発明による
電池Aは従来法による電池Bに比べて同等もしく
はそれ以上の電池性能を有している。 以上説明したように、この発明はボタン型電池
の成形陽極を陽極活物質粉末と平均粒径1〜5μ
のニツケル粉末とを混合らいかいしてなる合剤と
環状台座とを一体に加圧成形して厚さ0.6mm以下
の成形陽極を作製するものであり、この発明によ
れば、成形陽極作製時のスプリングバツクが抑制
され、その結果、成形陽極の亀裂ないし割れの発
生や環状台座の脱離などが防止される。
[Table] As is clear from Table 1, the battery A according to the present invention has the same or better battery performance than the battery B according to the conventional method. As explained above, the present invention provides a molded anode for a button-type battery using an anode active material powder and an average particle size of 1 to 5 μm.
According to the present invention, a molded anode having a thickness of 0.6 mm or less is produced by integrally press-molding a mixture formed by mixing a mixture with nickel powder and an annular pedestal. Spring back is suppressed, and as a result, cracking or cracking of the molded anode and detachment of the annular pedestal are prevented.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は成形陽極の厚さと不良発生率との関係
を示す特性図、第2図はこの発明に係るボタン型
電池の一例を示す断面図であり、第3図は従来電
池の成形陽極がスプリングバツクによつて彎曲し
た際の状態を示す断面表示による説明図である。 1……成形陽極。2……環状台座。
Fig. 1 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the thickness of the molded anode and the failure rate, Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of a button-type battery according to the present invention, and Fig. 3 shows the molded anode of a conventional battery. FIG. 3 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing a state when the wire is curved due to spring back. 1... Molded anode. 2...A circular pedestal.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 陽極活物質粉末と平均粒径1〜5μのニツケ
ル粉末とを混合らいかいしてなる合剤と、環状台
座とを一体に加圧成形して厚さ0.6mm以下の成形
陽極を作製することを特徴とするボタン型電池の
製造方法。
1. Producing a molded anode with a thickness of 0.6 mm or less by integrally press-molding a mixture formed by mixing anode active material powder and nickel powder with an average particle size of 1 to 5 μm and an annular pedestal. A method for manufacturing a button-type battery characterized by:
JP572279A 1979-01-20 1979-01-20 Button type cell Granted JPS5598463A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP572279A JPS5598463A (en) 1979-01-20 1979-01-20 Button type cell

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP572279A JPS5598463A (en) 1979-01-20 1979-01-20 Button type cell

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5598463A JPS5598463A (en) 1980-07-26
JPS6259410B2 true JPS6259410B2 (en) 1987-12-10

Family

ID=11619004

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP572279A Granted JPS5598463A (en) 1979-01-20 1979-01-20 Button type cell

Country Status (1)

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JP (1) JPS5598463A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5273332A (en) * 1975-12-16 1977-06-20 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Silver oxide battery

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JPS5598463A (en) 1980-07-26

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