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JPS6260011B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS6260011B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPS6260011B2
JPS6260011B2 JP16129081A JP16129081A JPS6260011B2 JP S6260011 B2 JPS6260011 B2 JP S6260011B2 JP 16129081 A JP16129081 A JP 16129081A JP 16129081 A JP16129081 A JP 16129081A JP S6260011 B2 JPS6260011 B2 JP S6260011B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
periodic
frequency
moving body
monitoring
series data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP16129081A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5862528A (en
Inventor
Kazuhiro Takeyasu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nippon Steel Corp
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Priority to JP16129081A priority Critical patent/JPS5862528A/en
Publication of JPS5862528A publication Critical patent/JPS5862528A/en
Publication of JPS6260011B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6260011B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H1/00Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明はベアリング、歯車等の如く周期運動を
行う物体即ち周期運動体の監視方法に関し、更に
詳述すれば周期運動体を備えた機器の大小、周期
運動体の回転速度、負荷の大小等に影響されず、
しかも周期運動体の振動から得られた時系列デー
タ中に弁別しにくい雑音が含まれる場合であつて
も周期運動体の異常を検知できる方法を提案する
ものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for monitoring periodic objects such as bearings, gears, etc., and more specifically, the present invention relates to a method for monitoring periodic objects such as bearings, gears, etc. Unaffected by speed, load size, etc.
Furthermore, we propose a method that can detect abnormalities in a periodic body even when time-series data obtained from vibrations of the periodic body contains noise that is difficult to distinguish.

従来ベアリング、歯車等の周期運動体及びこれ
を備えた機器において部品の傷、回転軸の偏心、
潤滑の不良等の異常が発生した場合には、これを
放置するとベアリング、歯車等の部品のみなら
ず、これらを備えた機器全体の故障、破壊を惹起
する。従つてこのような異常を正確に検知するこ
とはベアリング、歯車等を有する機器の保守管理
上、極めて重要な課題である。
Conventionally, periodic moving bodies such as bearings and gears, and devices equipped with them, are prone to scratches on parts, eccentricity of rotating shafts,
If an abnormality such as poor lubrication occurs, if left untreated, not only parts such as bearings and gears, but also the entire equipment equipped with these parts will malfunction or be destroyed. Therefore, accurately detecting such an abnormality is an extremely important issue in the maintenance and management of equipment including bearings, gears, and the like.

従来このような異常を検知する方法として周期
運動体にセンサを取り付け、その出力信号から得
られる時系列データより下記(1)式にて定義される
RMS(Root Mean Square)値をとる方法 但し x(t):時系列データ(t=1、2………N) N:データ数 :x(t)の平均値 また時系列データx(t)より下記(2)式にて得
られる2次相関関数(自己相関関数)R(τ)
を、フーリエ変換して下記(3)式のように表わされ
るパワースペクトルをチエツクする方法、 R(τ)=E〔x(t)・x(t+τ)〕 ………(2) 但し E:平均操作 x(t+τ):x(t)が得られた時点からτだ
け経過した時点におけるデータ S(f)=1/2π∫ −∞R(τ)e-j2f〓dτ…
… …(3) 但し S(f):周波数fにおけるパワースペクトル値 j:虚数単位 また上記パワースペクトルを下記(4)式の如く積
分した値(パワースペクトル積分値)Spをとる
方法 Sp=∫f1 f0S(f)df ………(4) 但し 〔f0、f1〕:積分区間 等が考えられているが、RMS値及びパワースペ
クトル積分値Spは、周期運動体を備えた機器の
サイズ、周期運動体の回転速度、負荷の大小等に
よつて区々に異なり、普遍的な判断基準を設ける
ことができず、個々の正常時のデータを蓄積して
おく必要があるため、一般にはパワースペクトル
をチエツクする方法が多用されている。しかしこ
の方法による場合も周期運動体の振動から得られ
る時系列データ中に弁別しにくい雑音が含まれる
ときは周期運動体に異常が発生しているにも拘ら
ず、パワースペクトルにはそれが明瞭に現れず、
周期運動体の異常が検知できないことがままあ
る。
Conventionally, the method of detecting such abnormalities is to attach a sensor to a periodic moving body, and use the time series data obtained from the output signal to be defined by the following equation (1).
How to take RMS (Root Mean Square) value However, x(t): Time series data (t=1, 2...N) N: Number of data: Average value of x(t) Also, it can be obtained from the time series data x(t) using equation (2) below. Quadratic correlation function (autocorrelation function) R(τ)
A method of Fourier transforming and checking the power spectrum expressed as in equation (3) below. Operation x(t+τ): Data S(f) = 1/2π∫ −∞ R(τ)e -j2f 〓dτ...
… …(3) However, S(f): Power spectrum value at frequency f j: Imaginary unit Also, how to obtain the value (power spectrum integral value) Sp obtained by integrating the above power spectrum as shown in equation (4) below Sp = ∫ f1 f0 S(f)df ………(4) However, [f 0 , f 1 ]: Integral interval etc. are considered, but the RMS value and the power spectrum integral value Sp are determined by the size of the equipment equipped with a periodic moving body. , it varies depending on the rotational speed of the periodic moving body, the magnitude of the load, etc., and it is not possible to set a universal judgment standard, and it is necessary to accumulate data on each individual normal condition, so in general, A method of checking the power spectrum is often used. However, even with this method, if the time-series data obtained from the vibration of a periodic body contains noise that is difficult to distinguish, the power spectrum clearly indicates that an abnormality has occurred in the periodic body. did not appear,
Abnormalities in periodic moving objects often go undetected.

本発明は斯かる事情に鑑みてなされたものであ
り、周期運動体を備えた機器のサイズ、周期運動
体の回転速度、負荷の大小等に影響されず、しか
も周期運動体の振動から得られる時系列データ中
に弁別しにくい雑音が含まれる場合であつても周
期運動体の異常を検知できる方法を提供すること
を目的とする。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is not affected by the size of the equipment equipped with the periodic motion body, the rotational speed of the periodic motion body, the magnitude of the load, etc., and can be obtained from the vibration of the periodic motion body. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method that can detect an abnormality in a periodic moving body even when time series data contains noise that is difficult to distinguish.

本発明に係る周期運動体の監視方法は、周期運
動体の振動を一定周期でサンプリングして時系列
データx(t)を得、該時系列データx(t)か
ら、任意に選択した2つの周波数に関するバイコ
ヒーレンス〔後記(10)式〕を求め、これを前記周期
運動体が正常である場合の同周波数に関するバイ
コヒーレンスと比較することにより前記周期運動
体の異常を検知することを特徴とする。そして任
意に選択する周波数は、周期運動体の振動に関連
づけて、例えば周期運動体から得られる固有周波
数とその高調波周波数を選択する。
The monitoring method for a periodic moving body according to the present invention obtains time series data x(t) by sampling the vibrations of the periodic body at a constant period, and from the time series data x(t), arbitrarily selected two The method is characterized in that an abnormality in the periodic body is detected by determining bicoherence regarding the frequency [Equation (10) described below] and comparing it with the bicoherence regarding the same frequency when the periodic body is normal. . As the arbitrarily selected frequency, for example, a natural frequency obtained from the periodic movement body and its harmonic frequency are selected in relation to the vibration of the periodic movement body.

以下本発明の原理について、歯車を診断する場
合を例にとつて説明する。先ず検出される時系列
データx(t)は下記(5)式で表現されるものとす
ると、 但し an:振幅 fz:基本周波数 φn:位相 n(t):雑音 そのパワースペクトルSXX(f)は下記(6)式の
ように、またバイスペクトルBXXX(f1、f2)は下
記(7)式のようになる。
The principle of the present invention will be explained below, taking the case of diagnosing a gear as an example. First, it is assumed that the detected time series data x(t) is expressed by the following equation (5), However, a n : amplitude f z : fundamental frequency φ n : phase n(t) : noise The power spectrum S XX (f) is as shown in equation (6) below, and the bispectrum B XXX (f 1 , f 2 ) is as shown in equation (7) below.

但し δ:デイラツクのデルタ関数 Snn(f):雑音のパワースペクトル 但し al、al+n:振幅 φl、φl+n:位相 f1、f2:係り合いをみる2つの周波数 ここで歯車に異常が生じた場合、検出されるデ
ータx〓(t)は下記(8)式のようになる。
However, δ: Dirac delta function Snn(f): Noise power spectrum However, a l , a l+n : Amplitude φ l , φ l+n : Phase f 1 , f 2 : Two frequencies to check the engagement If an abnormality occurs in the gear, the detected data x〓(t ) becomes as shown in equation (8) below.

但し δn:不規則位相 そしてこのバイスペクトルBX〓X〓X〓(f1、f2

下記(9)式で表わすことができる。
However, δ n : irregular phase and this bispectrum BX〓X〓X〓(f 1 , f 2 )
can be expressed by the following equation (9).

但し δl、δl+n:不規則位相 従つて異常信号のバイスペクトルは正常時のそ
れに比して不規則位相分だけ、即ちE〔exp{j
(δl+δn−δl+n)}〕だけ振幅が減少することと
なり、これをチエツクすることにより歯車の異常
が検知できる。一般には各調和成分の位相とその
振幅も変化するので下記(10)式に示すバイコヒーレ
ンスBic.X〓X〓X〓(f1、f2)、即ち時系列データか

得られる3次相関関数をフーリエ変換した値を任
意に選択した周波数におけるパワースペクトルに
て除して正規化した値を用いる。
However, δ l , δ l+n : Irregular phase Therefore, the bispectrum of the abnormal signal is equal to the irregular phase compared to the normal one, that is, E[exp{j
( δl + δn - δl+n )}], and by checking this, it is possible to detect an abnormality in the gear. Generally, the phase and amplitude of each harmonic component also change, so the bicoherence Bic. A normalized value is used by dividing the Fourier-transformed value by the power spectrum at an arbitrarily selected frequency.

但し Bx〓x〓x〓(f1、f2):x(t)から得られる3次

関関数をフーリエ変換したバイスペクトル 即ち Sx〓x〓(f):周波数fにおけるパワースペクト
ル 即ち Sx〓x〓(f)=1/TX〓(f)・X〓*(f) T:データ取得期間 X〓(f):原系列データX〓(f)のフーリ変換 即ち X〓(f)=∫ −∞X〓(t)e-j2ftdt *:共役複素数 このように本発明は、異常が発生すると原系列
信号の波形が乱れ、ある特定周波数とその高調波
周波数との間の相関が低下することに着目し、2
つの周波数f1、f2の間の係り合いの指標として上
記バイコヒーレンスを用いて異常を検知する方法
である。
However, Bx〓x〓x〓(f 1 , f 2 ): bispectrum obtained by Fourier transform of the cubic correlation function obtained from x(t), i.e. Sx〓x〓(f): Power spectrum at frequency f, that is, Sx〓x〓(f) = 1/TX〓(f)・X〓 * (f) T: Data acquisition period X〓(f): Original series data Foury transform of X〓(f) That is, X〓( f )=∫ −∞ Focusing on the fact that the correlation between a certain frequency and its harmonic frequency decreases,
This method uses the bicoherence described above as an index of the relationship between the two frequencies f 1 and f 2 to detect an abnormality.

ここで係り合いをみる2つの周波数f1、f2とし
ては、 (i) 基本周波数fZと2fZ (ii) 歯車噛み合い周波数fGと2fG (iii) 固有振動のうちの最大周波数fKと2fK (iv) パワースペクトルの最大値fMと2fM 等を選ぶのが好ましく、最も好ましいものは監視
対象に応じて実積データに基いて選べばよい。例
えば小型軸受試験機を用いた実験の場合、固有振
動のうちの最大周波数fKと2fKとを選ぶとよい結
果が得られた。この周波数は振動解析したとこ
ろ、歯車の捩り固有振動数であつた。
The two frequencies f 1 and f 2 to be considered here are: (i) Fundamental frequency f Z and 2f Z (ii) Gear meshing frequency f G and 2f G (iii) Maximum frequency of natural vibration f K and 2f K (iv) It is preferable to select the maximum values f M and 2f M of the power spectrum, and the most preferable one may be selected based on actual data depending on the monitoring target. For example, in the case of an experiment using a small bearing testing machine, good results were obtained by selecting the maximum frequencies f K and 2f K of the natural vibrations. Vibration analysis revealed that this frequency was the torsional natural frequency of the gear.

斯かるバイコヒーレンスを用いて周期運動体の
異常を検知する場合は時系列データ中に弁別しに
くい雑音が含まれていても、2次元量で把握して
いるパワースペクトルを用いて異常を検出する場
合と異なり、バイコヒーレンスは3次元量で把握
しているために耐雑音性が優れており、異常を検
知できる感度が優れている。またバイコヒーレン
スは0から1の間で評価するために初期状況を知
る必要があるものの、準絶対的な評価が可能であ
り、周期運動体を備えた機器のサイズ、周期運動
体の回転速度、負荷の大小等に応じた個々のデー
タを蓄積しておく必要がない。
When detecting anomalies in a periodic body using such bicoherence, even if the time series data contains noise that is difficult to distinguish, the anomaly is detected using the power spectrum, which is understood as a two-dimensional quantity. Unlike conventional methods, bicoherence is understood as a three-dimensional quantity, so it has excellent noise resistance and excellent sensitivity for detecting abnormalities. In addition, although bicoherence requires knowledge of the initial situation in order to evaluate it between 0 and 1, it is possible to evaluate it quasi-absolutely, and it is possible to evaluate bicoherence in a quasi-absolute manner based on the size of the device equipped with a periodic body, the rotation speed of the periodic body, There is no need to accumulate individual data depending on the size of the load.

次に本発明方法をその実施例を示す図面に基い
て説明する。第1図は本発明方法の実施状態を示
す模式図であつて、減速機1には所定のギヤ比を
持つた歯車1a,1bが内蔵されており、その歯
車1aの中心孔に嵌通された軸1gは減速機1の
ハウジングに対設されたベアリング1c,1dに
よつて支承され、また歯車1bの中心孔に嵌通さ
れた軸1hは減速機1のハウジングに対設された
ベアリング1e,1fによつて支承されている。
軸1gはモータ2の出力軸に連動連結されてお
り、その回転は歯車1a,1bにより減速されて
軸1hに伝わり、更にプーリー、ベルトを介して
負荷ポンプ3に伝わるようになつている。ベアリ
ング1c,1d,1e,1fの外輪にはその振動
を検出して電気信号に変換する振動検出装置4が
取り付けられており、該振動検出装置4の出力は
サンプリング回路5へ入力され、ここで一定周期
毎にサンプリングされてアナログデータからデジ
タルデータに変換され、記憶装置6へ順次ストア
されていく。記憶装置6へストアされたデイジタ
ルデータは計算装置7へ入力され、(10)式に基いて
バイコヒーレンスBic.x〓x〓x〓(f1、f2)が各検出

毎に求められるようになつている。
Next, the method of the present invention will be explained based on drawings showing examples thereof. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the implementation state of the method of the present invention, in which gears 1a and 1b having a predetermined gear ratio are built into the reducer 1, and the gears 1a and 1b are fitted into the center hole of the gear 1a. The shaft 1g is supported by bearings 1c and 1d installed opposite to the housing of the reducer 1, and the shaft 1h fitted into the center hole of the gear 1b is supported by a bearing 1e installed opposite to the housing of the reducer 1. , 1f.
The shaft 1g is interlocked and connected to the output shaft of the motor 2, and its rotation is decelerated by gears 1a and 1b and transmitted to the shaft 1h, and further transmitted to the load pump 3 via a pulley and a belt. A vibration detection device 4 is attached to the outer ring of the bearings 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f to detect the vibration and convert it into an electric signal.The output of the vibration detection device 4 is input to a sampling circuit 5, where it is The data is sampled at regular intervals, converted from analog data to digital data, and sequentially stored in the storage device 6. The digital data stored in the storage device 6 is input to the calculation device 7 , and the bicoherence Bic . It's getting old.

斯かる装置を用いて正常な状態、無給油状態
(ケース1)、減速機の歯車に小さな傷を付した状
態(ケース2)、少し大きな傷を付した状態(ケ
ース3)及び大きな傷を付した状態(ケース4)
についてバイコヒーレンスBic.x〓x〓x〓(f1、f2

求めて比較した結果を示すグラフ(本発明方法)
が第2図である。ここで係り合いをみる2つの周
波数としては固有振動のうちの最大の周波数fK
(3480Hz)とその2次高調波周波数2fK(6960Hz)
とを選んだ。なお第3図は、同条件にて得られた
時系列データよりRMS値をとつて比較した結果
を示すグラフ(従来法の一例である。図に示す如
く本発明方法による場合は、従来から用いられて
いるRMS値とよく対応がとれており、更に異常
の程度をみる場合にはRMS値より明瞭に差がで
ることも分かつた。そしてこの差は雑音が多く含
まれるほど顕著になる。
Using such a device, we tested the gears of the reducer in normal condition, without lubrication (Case 1), with small scratches on the reducer gear (Case 2), with slightly large scratches (Case 3), and with large scratches. (Case 4)
Bicoherence Bic.x〓x〓x〓(f 1 , f 2 )
Graph showing the results of determining and comparing (method of the present invention)
is shown in Figure 2. Here, the two frequencies whose relationship is considered are the maximum frequency f K of the natural vibrations.
(3480Hz) and its second harmonic frequency 2f K (6960Hz)
I chose. Figure 3 is a graph showing the results of comparing RMS values from time-series data obtained under the same conditions (an example of the conventional method. As shown in the figure, when using the method of the present invention, It was also found that there is a good correspondence with the RMS value, and when looking at the degree of abnormality, there is a clear difference compared to the RMS value.This difference becomes more pronounced as more noise is included.

以上詳述した如く本発明による場合は、同期運
動体の振動から得られる時系列データに基いて3
次相関関数を計算し、その値をフーリエ変換した
値を、任意に選択した周波数におけるパワースペ
クトルにて除して正規化した値即ちバイコヒーレ
ンスによつて周期運動体の異常を検知するので、
周期運動体を備えた機器のサイズ、周期運動体の
回転速度、負荷の大小等に左右されない周期運動
体の監視方法が可能となり、更に前記時系列デー
タ中に弁別しにくい雑音が含まれる場合でも周期
運動体の異常を検知でき、本発明は回転体の異常
検知技術等の向上に多大の貢献をなすものであ
る。
As described in detail above, in the case of the present invention, three
Anomalies in a periodic moving body are detected by calculating the next correlation function, dividing the Fourier-transformed value by the power spectrum at an arbitrarily selected frequency, and normalizing the value, that is, bicoherence.
It becomes possible to monitor a periodic moving body that is not affected by the size of the device equipped with the periodic moving body, the rotational speed of the periodic moving body, the magnitude of the load, etc., and even when the time series data contains noise that is difficult to distinguish. Abnormalities in periodic moving bodies can be detected, and the present invention greatly contributes to the improvement of abnormality detection technology for rotating bodies.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明方法の実施状態を示す模式図、
第2図は本発明方法により得られたデータを示す
グラフ、第3図は従来法により得られたデータを
示すグラフである。 1……減速機、1a,1b……歯車、1c,1
d,1e,1f……ベアリング、2……モータ、
3……ポンプ、4……振動検出装置。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the implementation state of the method of the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a graph showing data obtained by the method of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a graph showing data obtained by the conventional method. 1...Reducer, 1a, 1b...Gear, 1c, 1
d, 1e, 1f...Bearing, 2...Motor,
3...Pump, 4...Vibration detection device.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 周期運動体の振動を一定周期でサンプリング
して時系列データx(t)を得、該時系列データ
x(t)から、任意に選択した2つの周波数f1
f2に関する下式にて定義されるバイコヒーレンス
Bic.x〓x〓x〓(f1、f2)を求め、これを前記周期運

体が正常である場合の同周波数に関するバイコヒ
ーレンスと比較することにより前記周期運動体の
異常を検知することを特徴とする周期運動体の監
視方法。 但し Bx〓x〓x〓(f1、f2):x(t)から得られる3次

関関数をフーリエ変換したバイスペクトル Sx〓x〓(f):周波数fにおけるパワースペクト
ル 2 前記周波数は周期運動体の振動に関連づけて
選択される特許請求の範囲第1項記載の周期運動
体の監視方法。 3 前記周波数は周期運動体から得られる固有周
波数とその高調波周波数である特許請求の範囲第
2項記載の周期運動体の監視方法。
[Claims] 1. Time series data x(t) is obtained by sampling the vibration of a periodic body at a constant period, and from the time series data x(t), two arbitrarily selected frequencies f 1 ,
Bicoherence defined by the following formula regarding f 2
Detecting an abnormality in the periodic body by determining Bic . A method for monitoring a periodic moving body, characterized by: However, Bx〓x〓x〓(f 1 , f 2 ): Bispectrum obtained by Fourier transform of the cubic correlation function obtained from x(t) Sx〓x〓(f): Power spectrum 2 at frequency f The frequency is a period 2. A method for monitoring a periodic moving body according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring method is selected in relation to the vibration of the moving body. 3. The method for monitoring a periodic moving body according to claim 2, wherein the frequency is a natural frequency obtained from the periodic moving body and a harmonic frequency thereof.
JP16129081A 1981-10-09 1981-10-09 Monitoring method for periodical motion body Granted JPS5862528A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16129081A JPS5862528A (en) 1981-10-09 1981-10-09 Monitoring method for periodical motion body

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP16129081A JPS5862528A (en) 1981-10-09 1981-10-09 Monitoring method for periodical motion body

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5862528A JPS5862528A (en) 1983-04-14
JPS6260011B2 true JPS6260011B2 (en) 1987-12-14

Family

ID=15732291

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP16129081A Granted JPS5862528A (en) 1981-10-09 1981-10-09 Monitoring method for periodical motion body

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5862528A (en)

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