JPS6261342B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the invention] (a) In industrial use, the present invention is related to a device that crushes plant solids into fine powder, and for more details This relates to a compression and crushing device that can pressurize and heat cells to crush their cell structures.

(b) Conventional technology Conventionally, among the devices for crushing the husks of grain seeds such as rice husks into fine powder, the compression and crushing devices are the most important and account for most of the technical difficulties. Using a screw made of a hard, wear-resistant metal such as tool steel, the material to be processed is fed into a gap whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases, and the material is compressed and heated to be pulverized. However, there is no suitable device that can crush the outer husks of grain seeds, such as rice husks, that have a strong cell structure and reduce the lignin content. The development of a device was desired. The most severe part of the spiral fold at the screw tip of such a compression/crumple device is subjected to a maximum vertical stress of 6 to 7 t/cm ² and a shear stress of 2 t/cm ² , as well as frictional heat and stress. External heating resulted in high temperatures of 450 to 500°C, and the tip of the screw was worn so much that it became unusable within a few hours, and the screw had to be replaced each time. Therefore, in order to improve the wear resistance of the screw, the surface of the screw base material made of the aforementioned tool steel was coated with ceramic and subjected to surface hardening treatment, making the screw resistant to wear and impact. The surface portion of the screw becomes high in temperature due to frictional heat and heating as described above, and large internal stress is generated due to differences in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramics of the screw base material, and combined with the external stress. , the ceramic peels off partially, exposing the screw base material, and the amount of wear increases significantly in that area. This accelerates overall wear, and the device becomes unusable in a few days. Operation was stopped, disassembled, and screws replaced. As described above, conventionally, the structure of the screw has been problematic, the efficiency and operating rate of the apparatus have been low, and the large consumption of the screw has hindered the cost reduction of the pulverized material.

(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention In view of the above-mentioned situation, the present invention aims to solve the problem by efficiently feeding the material to be processed, such as rice husks, into a gap whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases. It has a screw that can pressurize and heat materials to crush even strong saturated structures such as rice husks, and can smoothly extract highly compressed pulverized materials.It also minimizes screw wear and increases durability. , withstands continuous and intermittent use for long periods of time, reduces equipment stoppages due to screw replacement, and improves equipment operating efficiency.
The object of the present invention is to provide a compression and crushing device that can reduce the manufacturing cost of pulverized products.

(d) Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a multi-stage method in which the diameter of the base body and the diameter of the spiral fold part decrease discontinuously in the direction of the distal end. The part is cut out continuously, and the pitch is constant at each stage, and the pitch is reduced at the compressed part on the tip side, which corresponds to the screw that can be easily attached to and removed from the drive shaft and the position where the diameter of the screw decreases. It can be installed at appropriate intervals around the periphery of the
an outer cylinder having a tapered inner surface whose inner diameter decreases in relation to a decrease in the diameter of the screw; It is connected to the small inner diameter end and consists of a hollow cylindrical sleeve whose inner cross-section changes continuously from a polygon to a circle toward the tip, and is formed by the screw and the outer cylinder, and the cross-sectional area gradually decreases. The husks of grain seeds such as rice husks are conveyed into the space and pulverized, the rotation of the compressed pulverized material is suppressed by the sleeve and the pulverized material is drawn out, and the pulverized material is heated around the outer periphery of the sleeve. A compression and crushing device was constructed by providing a container.

(e) Embodiments Next, the present invention will be further explained in detail based on embodiments shown in the attached drawings.

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway side sectional view showing a first embodiment of a compression and crushing device according to the present invention, particularly suitable for crushing rice flour, and Fig. 2 is a partially cutaway side sectional view showing a second embodiment. The cutout side sectional view and FIG. 3 are exploded perspective views of the main parts of the first embodiment. The first embodiment and the second embodiment are basically the same, but the screw attachment/detachment method is different from each other. They are of different formats. That is, in the first embodiment, the main body portion outside the screw is moved to a position where the screw can be attached and detached.
The second embodiment is of a type in which the screw is pulled out to the position where it can be attached and detached while the screw remains attached to the drive shaft, and since the principle is the same, the first embodiment will be mainly explained. Screw,
B indicates an outer cylinder, C indicates a sleeve, and D indicates a heater, respectively. Here, the screw A is made of ceramics having a spiral pleat 2 shaped like a right-handed screw on the outer periphery of a substantially cylindrical base 1, and the diameter of the base 1 and the diameter of the spiral fold 2 extend toward the tip. The diameter of the base body 1 is reduced in two stages and the diameter of the spiral fold part 2 is decreased in three stages in this embodiment. The discontinuous part is made continuous by making a notch 3, and the spiral fold part 2 is cut at the discontinuous part, and the notch side part 4 formed by providing the notch 3 is made into a next stage. The three steps of the spiral folds 2 are continuous with each other, and a discontinuous part with the last step is left as a step 5, and the pitch of each step of the three steps of the spiral folds 2 is constant. At the same time, the pitch of the tip side step is reduced. still,
In this embodiment, the stepped portion 5 is left at the discontinuous portion of the spiral fold portion 2, but the present invention is not limited to this.
It can also be formed so as to decrease continuously in the distal direction. Further, in this embodiment, the screw A is made of integrally formed ceramic, but it may also be made of ultra-hard steel or tool steel coated with ceramic and subjected to surface hardening treatment, and as shown in FIG. The screw A is configured to be separable into a feeding section 6 on the rear end side and a compression section 7 on the front end side, and the connection is made by inserting the end of the compression section 7 into a fitting hole 8 provided at the end of the feeding section 6. This is done by inserting a convex part 9 provided in the part to make it integral with respect to rotation.As for the material, both the feeding part 6 and the compression part 7 may be made of ceramics or super hard steel, or only the compression part 7 is made of ceramics or It is also possible to use one made of ultra-hard steel and coated with ceramic on the tool steel surface of the feed section 6, and various embodiments are possible. The outer cylinder B can be installed at an appropriate interval on the outer periphery of the position where the diameter of the screw A decreases, and is formed of a cylindrical body having a tapered inner surface 10 that decreases in relation to the decrease in the diameter of the screw A. The tapered inner surface 10 is provided with a large number of grooves 11 parallel to the axial direction, and is made of ceramic. In addition, the material is not limited to ceramics,
Superhard steel or tool steel coated with ceramic and subjected to surface hardening treatment may be used. The sleeve C is a cylindrical body having an inner diameter that can be installed at an appropriate distance from the spiral fold part 2 at the tip of the screw A, and can be connected to the tapered small diameter end of the outer cylinder B. The inner surface on the end side is a polygonal inner surface 12 with a polygonal cross section, and the inner surface on the other side is a circular inner surface 13 with a circular cross section, and the intermediate portion thereof is continuously deformed. In this embodiment, the polygonal inner surface 1
Although 2 is a hexagonal shape, it is not particularly limited to this, and any shape may be used as long as it can press down the idle rotation of the pulverized material and lead it out smoothly. Although not shown in detail, the heater D surrounds the outer periphery of the sleeve C, is equipped with a suitable heat source such as a known resistance heater or combustible heater, and is covered with a heat insulating material, and is usually heated up to about 600°C. Although it can be heated and can withstand continuous use for a long time, it can be heated to a higher temperature depending on the type of object to be treated or the final treatment condition, for example, the degree of carbonization.

As shown in FIG. 1, the overall configuration of the compression/mashing device of the present invention is such that a drive shaft 16 for transmitting the rotation of a drive wheel 15 is mounted on the upper surface of a pedestal 14 so as to be able to smoothly respond not only to rotation but also to axial displacement. A driving unit main body 18 is installed horizontally in the center by a combination of two types of bearings, namely a horizontal bearing 17a and a vertical bearing 17b, so as to be able to regulate the movement.
Further, two convex rails 19, 19 (only one is visible in the figure) are provided on the axial side of the drive unit body 18 in parallel with the drive shaft 16, and on the convex rails 19, 19, , the convex rail 19,1 is attached at the bottom.
A crusher body 21 having rail receivers 20, 20 on both sides that can be slidably engaged with the crusher body 21 is mounted on the crusher body 9, and a movable end of a hydraulic cylinder 22 fixed to the pedestal 14 is connected to the crusher body 21 in relation to the crusher body 21. , the crusher main body 21 can be slid in the axial direction of the drive shaft 16. The crushing section main body 21 has an input opening 24 for inputting rice husks at its upper part, a hopper 26 having an opening/closing device 25, and a rice husk storage section 27 inside. Further, the drive shaft 1 of the drive section main body 18
A circular opening 29 is provided on one side of the crushing section main body 21, and the circular opening 29 can be fitted onto the annular convex portion 28 around the drive shaft 16 formed on one side in six directions.
An outer cylinder mounting hole 30 is provided on the other side opposite to the surface provided with 9.
has been established. Further, the outer cylinder B having a flange 31 formed at a tapered small-diameter end is fitted into the outer cylinder mounting hole 30 from the outside of the crusher main body 21 with the flange 31 remaining outside. A processed material delivery tube 34 is equipped with a sleeve C so that the end of the polygonal inner surface 12 substantially coincides with the mounting end, and the mounting end is provided with a mounting flange 33 having a circular recess 32 coaxially arranged with the sleeve C. is attached to the flange 31 so that the circular recess 32 fits externally to fix the outer cylinder B, and the tapered small diameter end and the end of the polygonal inner surface 12 of the sleeve C are continuous. In this embodiment, the screw A is fitted with its screw attachment part 35 into the attachment hole 36 formed at the end of the drive shaft 16, and from the other end of the drive shaft 16 to the center of the drive shaft 16. Insert the bolt 37 into the through hole formed in the
Although the screw attachment portion 35 is screwed into the end portion of the drive shaft 16 and fixed thereto, this method is not necessary, and the screw attachment portion 35 may simply be screwed onto the end portion of the drive shaft 16.

Further, if the second embodiment is explained based on FIG. 2, a drive shaft 39 having grooves 38 formed in the length direction and a drive bearing 4 slidably meshing with the grooves 38.
0, and the drive wheel 15 is fixed to the drive bearing 40. At the end of the drive shaft 39, there is a screw A attached to an attachment 41 shown in FIG.
is screwed through the attachment 41,
The other end is rotatably attached to the end of a slide displacement lever 43 of a screw jack 42 that can slide the drive shaft 39. The screw A is made of ceramics, superhard steel, and tool steel coated with ceramics, as described above, and is fitted onto one side of an attachment 41 made of tool steel, etc., and screwed from the side of the attachment 41. 44 to prevent the attachment from coming off, and a mounting screw 45 to the drive shaft 39 is provided on the other side of the attachment 41. A removable window 46 is provided on the side of the drive unit main body 18, and when the screw jack 42 is operated and the drive shaft 39 is slid in the axial direction away from the outer cylinder B, the attachment 4
1 attachment portion is made to appear at the position of the attachment/detachment window 46. By using the screw A attached to the attachment 41 in this way, the screw A can be formed short, reducing material costs, and has the advantage that the screw A can be easily attached and detached from the attachment/detachment window 46 in a short time. be. Furthermore, in this device, the outer cylinder B is inserted outward from the rice husk storage part 27 and is stopped by a flange 31, which is particularly effective against the high outward pressure generated when the screw A is driven. . Furthermore, a steam vent hole 47 is formed in the side of the rice husk storage section 27 to vent the steam generated from the rice husks during compression and crushing, thereby making it possible to prevent explosions caused by the generation of steam. . Note that the water vapor vent hole 47 may be provided at a side portion of the outer cylinder B.

It is also possible to water-cool the screw A from the inside to increase its durability.
As shown in the figure, a cooling hole 48 is bored in the central axis of the base 1 of the screw A, and an introduction pipe 49 having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the cooling hole 48 is inserted into the cooling hole 48 at the tip of the introduction pipe. Insert it leaving a little room at 50.
As shown in FIG. 7, the drive shaft 16 with the screw A attached to one end is provided with a through hole 51 having approximately the same inner diameter as the cooling hole 48 provided in the screw A. The introduction tube 49 is inserted into the inside thereof, and the other end of the drive shaft 16 is connected to the inner space of the introduction tube 49 and the introduction tube 4.
A rotary joint 52 is attached to each of the two water channels connected to the space of the through hole 51 outside 9 and rotatable relative to the rotation of the drive shaft 16. The rotation joint 52 is provided with a water supply pipe 53 continuous to the introduction pipe 49 and a drain pipe 54 continuous to the through hole 51 outside the introduction pipe 49.
Cooling water introduced from the water supply pipe 53 passes through the introduction pipe 49 and is sent from the introduction pipe tip 50 to the cooling hole 48 of the screw A, cooling the screw A from inside and cooling the introduction pipe 49. It passes through the external cooling hole 48, further through the drive shaft 16, and is discharged from the drain pipe 54.

Therefore, to describe a method of crushing rice husks using the compression and crushing device of the present invention, the rice husks are put into the hopper 26 provided at the upper part of the crusher main body 21, and the rice husks are crushed by operating the opening/closing device 25. The base body 1 of the screw A is introduced into the storage section 27 and is sequentially fed into the gap where the cross section of the outer cylinder B and the screw A gradually decreases by the spiral fold section 2 of the feeding section 6 of the rotating screw A. It passes through the notch 3 formed in the outer cylinder B and is guided to the next compression part 7 by the notch side part 4, and as the gap is further reduced, it is compressed to a high pressure and is formed in the tapered inner surface 10 of the outer cylinder B. grooved line 1
1. Rice husks are rubbed together, and the rice husks are rubbed together, resulting in frictional heat and heater D.
The high heat of 450 to 500℃ generated by heating causes so-called compaction, which crushes the cell structure of rice husks.
The rice husks are ground and the lignin contained in the rice husks is also reduced at the same time. Furthermore, this device has a sleeve C connected to the small-diameter end of the outer cylinder B, which effectively brings out the crushed rice husk material that has passed through the outer cylinder B. In other words, the compressed crushed rice husk material is transferred to the screw. The crushed rice husk material comes into close contact with the compression part 7 of the sleeve C and tries to rotate together with the screw A, but the rotation of the crushed rice husk material is suppressed by the polygonal inner surface 12 of the sleeve C.
It is pushed forward due to the difference in rotation with screw A. In addition, a heater D installed on the outer periphery of the sleeve C that can heat up to about 600°C can heat not only the sleeve C but also the outer cylinder B, thereby heating the crushed rice husks that are being crushed and passing through the sleeve C. , which makes the crushing of rice husks more effective, and can also be carbonized at a higher temperature if necessary.

(f) Effects of the invention A multistage type in which the diameter of the base body and the diameter of the spiral fold part decrease discontinuously in the direction of the tip, the discontinuous part of the base body is cut out to make it continuous, and the pitch is constant at each stage. ,
A screw that can be easily attached to and removed from the drive shaft by reducing the pitch of the stages on the tip side, and a screw that can be installed at appropriate intervals on the outer periphery corresponding to the position where the diameter of the screw decreases, The pulverized material was composed of an outer cylinder having a tapered inner surface whose inner diameter decreases in relation to the outer cylinder, and an outer cylinder having a large number of grooves in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the screw. The spiral folds allow the rice husks to be fed and compressed in a space where the cross-sectional area between the screw and the outer cylinder gradually decreases, and the chaff can be rubbed against each other and against the grooves formed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder. The rice husk is then smoothly sent forward to the higher compression side through the notch formed in the base, and can be compressed and extruded from the side of the notch in the base.This structure is particularly effective for rice husk, which undergoes a large volume change in the initial stage of compression. be. In addition, since the hollow cylinder whose inner surface cross section continuously changes from polygonal to circular is connected to the small inner diameter end of the outer cylinder, the polygonal inner surface of the sleeve allows the compressed crushed rice hus to flow through the screw. The rice husks are tightly attached to the spiral folds of the rice husks, and can be prevented from rotating as one body with the screw, and due to the difference in rotation between the crushed rice husks and the screw, they can be smoothly pushed forward. Since a heater is installed around the outer circumference of the sleeve, it is possible to heat not only the sleeve but also the outer cylinder, which can heat the crushed rice husk material during crushing and passing through the sleeve, making the crushing of rice husk more effective. .

As in the first embodiment, the outer cylinder can be easily removed from the screw by sliding the crushing section main body, and as in the second embodiment, the drive shaft to which the screw is attached can be slid and the screw can be removed. It can be easily removed from the outer cylinder, and the screw can be easily replaced in a short time. Furthermore, if the screw is made of ceramics or super hard steel, it will increase its durability and reduce the need for equipment downtime due to replacement.
It is possible to suppress the consumption of screws and reduce costs. In addition, the durability of the screw can be increased by forming only the compressed part at the tip of the screw, which is subject to severe wear, from ceramics or superhard steel, and fitting it into the feeding part or attachment at the rear end, which is relatively less abrasive. In addition, even if replacement becomes necessary, it can be replaced in a short time, and the operating rate of the device can be increased. Furthermore, if the screw is water-cooled from the inside, the durability of a screw whose surface is made of tool steel coated with ceramic can be greatly increased, making it suitable for practical use.

In addition, according to the compression/crushed apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the lignin contained in the pulverized material such as rice husks, and the lignin contained in the pulverized material such as rice husks can be used not only as an extender for synthetic resins, etc., but also as a material that can be heat-treated at the manufacturing stage. It can also be used as a filler for foods or as a medium for culturing microorganisms.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partially omitted side cross-sectional view showing a first embodiment of the compression and crushing device for pulverizing the husk of grain seeds such as rice husks of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially omitted side sectional view showing the second embodiment. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the main parts of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is a partially omitted perspective view of the screw in which the feeding section and the compression section are formed so that they can be fitted;
Figure 5 is a partially cutaway side view showing the screw attached to the attachment, Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view of the screw that can be cooled by water, and Figure 7 is the cooling water supply and drainage section attached to the end of the drive shaft. It is an abbreviated side view shown in partial cross section. A: Screw, B: Outer tube, C: Sleeve,
D: Heater, 1: Base body, 2: Spiral folds, 3: Notches, 4: Notch side parts, 5: Cut parts, 6: Feed parts, 7: Compression parts, 8: Fitting holes, 9: Convex portion, 10:
Tapered inner surface, 11: Concave stripe, 12: Polygonal inner surface, 13: Circular inner surface, 14: Pedestal, 15: Drive wheel, 16: Drive shaft, 17a, b: Horizontal and vertical bearings, 1
8: Drive unit main body, 19: Convex rail, 20: Rail receiver, 21: Crushing unit main body, 22: Hydraulic cylinder,
23: Movable end, 24: Input opening, 25: Opening/closing device, 26: Hopper, 27: Rice husk storage section, 28:
Annular convex portion, 29: circular opening, 30: outer cylinder mounting hole,
31: Flange, 32: Circular recess, 33: Mounting flange, 34: Processing material delivery tube, 35: Screw mounting section, 36: Mounting hole, 37: Bolt, 38: Groove, 39: Drive shaft, 40: Drive bearing , 41: Attachment, 42: Screw Jack, 43:
Slide displacement rod, 44: screw, 45: mounting screw,
46: Detachable window, 47: Steam vent hole, 48: Cooling hole, 49: Introduction pipe, 50: Introduction pipe tip, 51:
Through hole, 52: Rotating joint, 53: Water supply pipe,
54: Drain pipe.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A multistage type in which the diameter of the base body and the diameter of the spiral fold part decrease discontinuously in the direction of the tip, the discontinuous part of the base body is cut out to make it continuous, and the pitch is constant at each stage. In addition, the screw has a reduced pitch at the compression part on the tip side and can be easily attached to and removed from the drive shaft. an outer cylinder having a tapered inner surface whose inner diameter decreases in relation to a decrease in the inner diameter of the cylinder, and an outer cylinder having a large number of grooves in a direction parallel to the rotational axis of the screw on the inner surface of the cylinder; and a small inner diameter end of the outer cylinder. a hollow cylindrical sleeve whose inner cross section continuously changes from a polygonal shape to a circular shape toward the tip;
The husk of grain seeds such as rice husks is conveyed and crushed into the space whose cross-sectional area gradually decreases, and the rotation of the compressed and crushed material is suppressed by the sleeve and the crushed material is drawn out. A compression and crushing device equipped with a heater that can heat things. 2. The compression method according to claim 1, wherein the screw is composed of a base body whose diameter is reduced in two steps toward the distal end and a spiral fold portion whose diameter is reduced in three steps. Crushing device. 3. The compression and crushing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw includes a compression section on the front end side and a feed section on the rear end side, which are separately formed and connected. 4. The compression/mashing device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein a ceramic screw is used as the screw. 5. The compression and crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer cylinder is a ceramic outer cylinder. 6. The compression and crushing device according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the ceramic is alumina or silicon carbide ceramic. 7. Claim 1 or 2, wherein the screw is a screw made of ultra-hard steel.
3. Compression/mashing device according to item 3 or item 3. 8. The compression and crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer cylinder is made of super hard steel. 9. The compression and crushing device according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein the screw is a screw made of tool steel coated with ceramic and subjected to surface hardening treatment. 10. The compression and crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the outer cylinder is made of tool steel coated with ceramic and subjected to surface hardening treatment. 11. The compression/mashing device according to claim 1, wherein the screw is a screw that can be water-cooled from the inside.