JPS6261344B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Technical field to which the invention pertains) The present invention relates to a crusher that crushes so-called construction waste into small pieces, such as waste from demolishing buildings and scraps of materials from construction sites. .

(Description of Prior Art) Conventionally, when construction waste materials such as demolished wood are incinerated or buried underground as industrial waste, if the size of the waste is large, it is not only inconvenient to handle, but also difficult to transfer to the incinerator. It is inconvenient to input the waste, and when it is buried, the space ratio is large and the volume efficiency is poor, so the receiving side should consider the maximum dimensions of the waste.
It was common for the area to be limited to a square inch. In addition, when incinerating these wastes, in order to remove metal pieces such as scraps and angle materials, and non-combustible materials such as mortar and glass, these wastes must be treated before final processing.
It was necessary to crush it into small pieces. Conventional crushers used for this purpose include those that feed waste material into multiple gears that mesh with each other with gaps between them and crush the material, and others that use machines that rotate at high speed inside a drum. The tooth is made of scrap wood, which is then gradually scraped off into small pieces.

With the gear-shaped crushing type, if the input material is too large for the teeth, it may not get stuck between the teeth and escape from the teeth, or it may become caught between the teeth, increasing resistance and becoming stuck. There are some drawbacks.

Furthermore, since a very large force is required to crush the input waste material, the power required to drive the teeth is inevitably large, and there is a drawback that the processing capacity is low despite the large amount of energy consumed. Furthermore, in the case of a cutting type having a blade that rotates at high speed, the cutting amount per cutting cannot be made very large due to the strength of the rotating blade and the need to reduce the driving torque.
Therefore, since the material is ground down into so-called chip-like pieces, the material is cut thinner than necessary, which has the disadvantage of consuming more energy. Furthermore,
If hard foreign matter gets mixed into the input material, the blade tends to spill. Since cutting blades are expensive, they have low added value and are a major drawback when used as a crusher for construction waste materials that contain many foreign substances.

(Objective of the Invention) The object of the present invention is to have a large processing capacity in relation to the drive energy, to prevent the input material from getting stuck and to move, and to reduce the size and shape of the input material without limiting the size and shape of the input material. To provide a crusher for construction waste materials whose size can be appropriately selected.

(Summary of the Invention) In order to achieve the above object, in the construction waste material crusher according to the present invention, a truncated conical outer cylinder is placed with the center line of the outer cylinder horizontal, and a spiral shape is formed on the inner surface of the outer cylinder. A rib is provided, and this outer cylinder is centered around the center line,
A first shaft is rotated by external power, and a first shaft having the same center line as the outer cylinder is rotated by external power in a direction opposite to the outer cylinder, and a first shaft is mounted on the first axis.
A plurality of second shafts parallel to the shaft were fixed, and a large number of teeth were rotatably supported on the second shafts. In this way, a large number of moving teeth are arranged parallel to the central axis of the outer cylinder in a truncated conical outer cylinder that rotates on a horizontal axis.
It was rotated in the opposite direction to the outer cylinder. The gap between the inner wall of the truncated conical outer cylinder, the spiral rib provided thereon, and the rotary dynamic tooth is configured to become narrower as the inner diameter of the truncated cone becomes narrower from the thicker side.

(Explanation based on Examples) The present invention will be described in more detail below using the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front view as seen from the waste material input port side, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view. Fourth
FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing a dynamic rotating tooth.

In each figure, rollers 4 supported by bearings 3 are provided on the inside of outer frames 2, 2 fixed to a support frame 1 that supports the entire crusher assembled with shaped steel. The outer periphery of rails 6 fixed to the outer periphery of the trapezoidal outer cylinder 5 is sandwiched from all sides to rotatably support the outer cylinder 5. The large diameter side of the outer cylinder 5 is open, and the small diameter side is closed with a lid 7. Lid 7
A chain sprocket 8 is fixed on the outside of the sprocket 8, and the sprocket 8 is driven by a roller chain via a continuously variable transmission using external power (not shown in the figure), and the entire outer cylinder 5 integrated with the sprocket 8 is driven by a roller chain via a continuously variable transmission. It is configured to rotate.

A bearing stand 9 is provided on the outer frame 2a on the large diameter opening side of the outer cylinder 5.
The bearing 10 is located on the center line of the outer cylinder 5 via
It supports the shaft 11. The other end of the shaft 11 is connected to the outer cylinder 5 by a flange type bearing 12 mounted on the lid 7.
It is rotatably built in independently of the rotation of the outer cylinder 5. A pulley 13 is fixed to the tip of the shaft 11 passing through the center hole of the chain sprocket 8, and is rotationally driven via a V-belt by external power (not shown). A plurality of flanges 14 are fixed on the shaft 11 inside the outer cylinder 5, and a plurality of shafts 15 parallel to the shaft 11 are fixed on the outside of the shaft 11. Swing rotating teeth 16 and 17 are mounted on a shaft 15 between the flanges 14 and 14, and a boss hole 16a provided in the swinging tooth 16
The inner diameter of the shaft 15 (FIG. 4) is approximately twice as large as the outer diameter of the shaft 15 passing through it.

As a result, the dynamic rotating teeth 16 rotate while being swung outward by a circular force as the shaft 11 rotates. On the inside of the outer cylinder 5, a spiral rib 5a welded to a steel band forms a certain lead angle in the direction of guiding the contents from the large diameter side to the small diameter side of the outer cylinder 5 as the outer cylinder 5 rotates. It is well equipped.

In this way, while rotating the shaft 11 and the outer cylinder 5 in opposite directions, when dismantled wood, etc. from the time of demolishing a building is thrown into the outer cylinder 5 through the large diameter opening of the outer cylinder 5, the input materials are as follows: While being swung around within the outer cylinder by the rotation of the outer cylinder 5, it is fed into the direction of the small diameter of the drum by the spiral ribs 5a. Eventually, the input material hits the dynamic rotating teeth 16 of the first stage, and is further fed into the outer cylinder 5 toward the small diameter side by the helical rib 5a while being broken or torn off by the impact of the teeth. In this way, as the input material is sent to the dynamic rotating teeth of the second stage and the dynamic rotating teeth of the third stage, the input material is repeatedly crushed by cutting, plucking, etc., and is gradually broken into pieces. The gap between the dynamic rotating teeth 17 in the second stage and the outer cylinder 5 is narrower than the gap in the first stage, and becomes narrower in the third and fourth stages as the diameter of the outer cylinder 5 becomes thinner. Because of this, the input materials are sequentially chopped into small pieces. FIG. 4 shows an example of the first stage dynamic rotating tooth 16 having a substantially triangular shape. In the prototype machine, a boss hole 16a with a diameter of 100 mm is provided in a hardened S45C steel plate with a thickness of 65 to 70 mm, and a boss hole 16a with a diameter of 50 mm is made.
It was installed through the shaft 15 of the. This first-stage dynamic rotating tooth 16 acts as a sharp and heavy hammer, and dynamically rotates within the outer cylinder 5 together with the shaft 15 by crushing or breaking the input material by impact.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the substantially gear-shaped dynamic rotating teeth 17 from the second stage onward. This tooth 17 is also loosely supported by a boss hole 17a with an inner diameter twice as large as the outer diameter of the shaft 15, and rotates vigorously while colliding with the input material, and the material is thrown by a gear-shaped protrusion on the outer periphery. I tear it out, scrape it, and crush it. The gap between the outer cylinder 5 and the dynamic rotating teeth 16 and 17 is the same as that of the dynamic rotating teeth 1.
By changing the external dimensions of 6 and 17, it can be changed arbitrarily.

The crushed material that has passed through the dynamic rotating teeth 17 at the final stage is transferred to the outside of the outer cylinder 5 through a discharge port 5b opened in the circumferential portion of the small diameter end of the outer cylinder 5, by the spiral rib 5a and the centripetal force. It is discharged.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, by placing the outer cylinder horizontally, the position of the material input port is lower than that of the conventional vertical type, making the material input work easier. In addition, in the case of a vertically installed type, the input material may suddenly fall to the bottom of the crusher due to gravity, causing a jamming phenomenon, but in the case of the crusher according to the present invention, the spiral Since the ribs 5a allow the feed to be applied gradually, the above-mentioned inconvenience has been solved. Furthermore, by making the outer cylinder 5 into a truncated conical shape, the gap between the internal dynamic rotating teeth 16, 17 and the outer cylinder 5 gradually narrows, making it possible to gradually and efficiently crush the material in stages. Ta.

In addition, by rotating the outer cylinder 5, the input material inside does not accumulate downward, but is uniformly swung inside the outer cylinder 5 by the circular force that accompanies the rotation of the outer cylinder 5, and is scattered. It became like that.

Furthermore, by rotating the dynamic rotating teeth 16 and 17 in the opposite direction to the outer cylinder 5, the impact between the material and the dynamic rotating teeth is doubled, and the material is further fed in the axial direction by the spiral rib 5a. It has become much more effective.

Furthermore, since the dynamic rotating teeth 16 and 17 are supported by a sufficiently large hole on the shaft that supports them, the teeth are swung outward by the centripetal force that accompanies rotation, and this hits the input material. By bouncing back and moving, it was possible to increase the impact force on the tooth material. This makes it possible not only to cut with teeth as in the case of conventional crushers, but also to crush by impact, thereby further increasing the crushing capacity.

In addition, since the dynamic rotating teeth of the crusher according to the present invention are loosely attached to the support shaft, they have the advantage of being easy to replace.Furthermore, although the teeth are consumables, they are not like the conventional cutting type. Since it does not require particularly expensive materials, it is economically advantageous.

By replacing the teeth with teeth having different external dimensions, the gap between the teeth and the outer cylinder can be easily changed as desired. This means that the dimensions of the material after crushing can be changed, and unlike conventional methods, there is no need to reduce it to the size of chips, which means less energy is wasted. As mentioned above, the object of the present invention has been fully achieved.

In the prototype machine, the outer cylinder 5 is rotated at 450 to 500 revolutions per minute, and the dynamic rotating teeth 16 and 17 are rotated at 500 to 1000 revolutions per minute.
It was effective when rotated by rotation. Since the optimum rotation speed varies depending on the material, hardness, size, shape, etc. of the input materials, the dynamic rotating teeth were driven by an electric motor via a continuously variable transmission. For general construction waste materials, it was most appropriate to rotate the outer cylinder at 500 revolutions per minute and the dynamic rotating teeth at 70 revolutions.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a crusher according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view as seen from the waste material inlet side, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view. Fourth
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a dynamic rotating tooth. 1...Support frame, 2...Outer frame, 3...Bearing, 4
... Rolling wheel, 5 ... Outer cylinder, 6 ... Rail, 7 ...
Lid, 8... Sprocket, 9... Bearing stand, 10...
... bearing, 11 ... shaft, 12 ... flange type bearing,
13...pulley, 14...flange, 15...
Shaft, 16... dynamic rotating teeth, 17... dynamic rotating teeth.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A truncated conical outer cylinder having a spiral rib on its inner surface, which is placed with the center line of the cylinder horizontal and rotated using power around the center line; and the outer cylinder. a first shaft having the same center line as the outer cylinder and rotated in a direction opposite to the outer cylinder using power; and a first shaft fixed on the first axis in parallel with the first axis. A construction waste material crusher comprising: a plurality of second shafts; and dynamic rotary teeth supported on the second shaft by a hole having a diameter sufficiently larger than the diameter of the second shaft.