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JPS63103B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS63103B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS63103B2
JPS63103B2 JP58067779A JP6777983A JPS63103B2 JP S63103 B2 JPS63103 B2 JP S63103B2 JP 58067779 A JP58067779 A JP 58067779A JP 6777983 A JP6777983 A JP 6777983A JP S63103 B2 JPS63103 B2 JP S63103B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
iron
catalyst
concentration
sulfur
slurry
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP58067779A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS59209648A (en
Inventor
Nobuhiro Tamura
Yoichi Yamada
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
Priority to JP58067779A priority Critical patent/JPS59209648A/en
Publication of JPS59209648A publication Critical patent/JPS59209648A/en
Publication of JPS63103B2 publication Critical patent/JPS63103B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は石炭の液化用触媒の製造方法に関す
る。さらに詳しくは、本発明は石炭液化に用いら
れる鉄系触媒の製造方法に関する。 石炭を粉砕して加熱し、必要に応じて水素を加
えて、ガス及び固形物を含む液化物を得る方法は
長年研究され、多くの技術が知られている。近
年、燃料油資源等の問題や化学品の多様化から、
石炭液化技術の開発は非常に盛んであり、多くの
新しい技術が開発されつつある。 しかし良質の燃料油やガソリン或いは化学原料
油を効率良く得るためには、まだ多くの問題点も
かかえている。例えば、高価な触媒又は公害上望
ましくない触媒の添加が必要であること、石炭を
液化する時に要する水素が多量であること、反応
中に炭化物が生成すること等である。 なかでも石炭反応器中の反応条件、特にそのう
ち触媒の選択は、液化油の品質を決めるための重
要な因子の一つである。このため化学種や物理的
形状をかえた多種の触媒が、添加方法も含めて開
発されてきた。 従来公知である石炭液化の触媒は非常に多いが
代表的なものとして、塩化物では塩化亜鉛、塩化
スズ、塩化アルミ、塩化ニツケル、塩化鉄等が、
硫化物では硫化スズ、硫化モリブデン、硫化鉛、
硫化銅、硫化亜鉛、硫化ニツケル、硫化鉄等が、
酸化物では酸化ニツケル、シリカ、アルミナ、酸
化鉄、酸化コバルト、酸化チタン等があり、また
それらの混合物のほか赤泥や鉱石などの使用が知
られている。 以上の触媒群を大別すると3群にわけられる。
第一群は塩化物系で、石炭液化反応にすぐれた触
媒効果を示す。中でも高濃度で用いる溶融塩法な
どにおいて、軽質油の生成に富み、発生ガス量が
少なく、良好な液化成績を示すことが報告されて
いる。しかしながら本法を実用化していく上で
は、塩化水素ガスが共存することから、装置材質
上大きな制約を受ける。 第二群は重質油水添などによく使われるCo,
Mo,Ni,Wなどの高価な金属群である。これら
の触媒は水素化活性は高いが被毒を受けやすく、
触媒寿命が短いという欠点をもつ。又触媒が高価
であるために、H−Coal法の沸騰床の如く、触
媒を反応器内にとどめる工夫あるいはDow法の
如く、触媒を非常に低濃度で使い、かつ大半を再
使用循環するプロセス等が提案されている。しか
しながらいずれも未だ完成の域に達していない。 第三群は鉄化合物である。これは安価で使い捨
て触媒として用いられる場合が多い。使用されて
いる鉄化合物の種類も多いが、中でも水酸化鉄、
赤泥、鉄鉱石、硫酸鉄等が代表的である。これら
の鉄化合物は、硫黄が共存すると活性が飛躍的に
増大する。従つて硫黄含有量の少い石炭において
は、硫黄を添加して使用する事も提案されてい
る。 又、天然の黄鉄鉱(FeS2:パイライト)の触
媒活性などもよく知られて居り、合成パイライト
の試作方法も種々検討されてきた。 従来このような鉄系触媒は、硫化ナトリウム水
溶液と硫酸鉄水溶液を、室温あるいはそれ以下の
温度で反応せしめ、その生成スラリーを過ある
いは遠心分離により、水中に溶解残存している
Na+,Fe2+,SO4 2-を除去脱塩した後、残スラリ
ーに硫黄粉末を添加し、約80℃で2〜6日間反応
させ、生成スラリーを冷却し、過あるいは遠心
分離を行つた後、塩酸で未反応硫化鉄を洗浄除去
し、二硫化炭素等で残硫黄を除去した後の物質
を、石炭液化用触媒として用いるものであつた。
(例えば米国・サンデイア・ナシヨナルラボラト
リー・エネルギーレポート80−2793号) 本発明者らも安価で使用しやすい鉄系触媒を石
炭液化に用いる目的で検討を始めたが、前述した
従来技術では、過あるいは遠心分離工程で微粒
鉄の硫化物粒子やコロイド硫黄を充分に回収し得
ず、製品収率が上らないこと、さらに液中にこ
のコロイダル硫黄や硫化物が混入し、廃水処理が
必要になること等の大きな問題がある。 一般的には、このような廃水の処理方法として
は凝集沈殿法があるが、安定運転するのが難し
く、かつ処理後の凝集残渣の処理にも問題があ
る。 そこで本発明者らは、製品収率の向上と廃水処
理につき過工程の改良を進めたところ、驚くべ
きことに限外過法を用いることによつて、これ
らの問題を同時に解決し得ることを見出し、本発
明を完成するに至つた。 即ち本発明は、硫黄イオンを含む塩基性水溶液
と鉄イオンを含む酸性水溶液とを混合し反応させ
る工程、この工程で生成したスラリーに硫黄粉末
を添加して反応させる工程、限外過法を用いて
脱塩する工程およびスラリー中の固形分を濃縮分
離する工程からなる石炭液化用触媒の製造法であ
る。 次に本発明の一つの実施例の工程図である第1
図に基づいて詳細に説明する。 硫黄イオンを含む塩基性水溶液(図のa)と
は、たとえば硫化ナトリウム、硫化アンモニウ
ム、硫化カリウム、硫化カルシウムまたは硫化水
素ガスを塩基性水溶液に吸収させた時に生じる塩
等を含む水溶液である。この水溶液は、塩の溶解
度及び温度にもよるが、一般に0.1モル〜4モル
濃度で使用する。又、これらの試薬の純度は工業
薬品程度で充分であり、あるいは硫化水素ガスの
処理工程で副生する硫黄と塩基からなる塩の水溶
液等をそのまま利用しても良い。更にはこれらの
混合物でも良い。 鉄イオンを含む酸性水溶液(図のb)とは、た
とえば酢酸鉄、シユウ酸鉄、塩化鉄、硫酸鉄、硝
酸鉄等、鉄あるいは鉄化合物を無機酸あるいは有
機酸に溶解して生じる塩の水溶液である。 これらの塩には第一鉄塩と第二鉄塩があるが、
第一鉄塩が好ましい。又、これらの塩は工業試薬
で良く、あるいは他のプロセスからの副生物でも
良い。さらには鉄鉱石を酸に溶解したものでも良
い。 また上記の種々の塩溶液の混合物を使用しても
良い。この水溶液の濃度も一般に0.1〜4モル濃
度の範囲で使用するのが良い。これらの水溶液の
濃度は薄すぎると経済的に不利であり、濃すぎる
と溶解度を増すため必要以上に温度を上げねばな
らない。 硫黄イオンを含む塩基性水溶液aと鉄イオンを
含む酸性水溶液bとを混合して反応させる第一段
反応工程Aではほぼ等モル反応であるが、反応後
の液のPHが2以上7未満、好ましくは4以上6以
下になるように両者の混合比を調整するのが好ま
しい。 ここで生成したスラリーに硫黄粉末cを添加し
て反応させる工程が第二段反応工程Bである。こ
の反応は速度が非常に遅いので、反応温度は50℃
以上、好ましくは80〜90℃であるが、加圧状態下
沸点以下の温度で運転する場合は90℃以上になつ
てもさしつかえない。 この場合加温方法としては、間接的でも良いし
あるいは直接蒸気をスラリー中に吹きこんでも良
い。反応時間は1時間以上にした方が良く、好ま
しくは10〜60時間である。 硫黄はもとの原料の鉄イオンとほぼ等モル比で
足りるがモル比で5%以上好ましくは10〜20mol
%程度過剰に添加するのが良い。 脱塩工程Cには限外過法を用いるが、使用す
る過膜は、ゼラチンやコロジオン等の天然高分
子膜あるいはアセチルセルロース、ポリフツ化ビ
ニリデン、ポリアクリロニトリル等の合成高分子
膜のいずれでも良い。 また膜の構造は、スパイラル型、中空糸型、円
管型あるいは平板型のいずれでも良い。本工程で
洗浄水は供給してもあるいはしなくても良い。こ
れを供給するときは、回分的あるいは連続的のい
ずれでも良い。限外過の途中、間歇的に逆する
のが好ましい。 この脱塩工程に流入するスラリーの液中には塩
基イオン、酸イオン、鉄イオン等が含まれてお
り、この工程でこれらのイオンを含む水が水d
として除去され、この工程を出るスラリーは、ほ
とんど鉄の硫化物及び硫黄などの固形分と洗浄水
のスラリーになる。この時、前述したイオン類の
除去は本発明では必ずしも完全である必要はな
い。これらが多少残存しても、触媒活性自体には
大きくは影響しない。本工程脱塩法の第一の効果
は、製品である硫化鉄の損失量の低下であり、第
二の効果は、廃水d中の硫化鉄や硫黄などを極力
低濃度に抑えることにある。なお、本工程では予
備濃縮を第三の効果としてあげ得る。限外過で
は、一般的にはフイードスラリーの粘度が100cp
を超えると運転が困難になるが、これ以下の粘度
までなら濃縮は容易に行なうことができる。 濃縮分離工程Dは、過や遠心分離等で代表さ
れる一般的な固液分離技術を採用し得る。ここで
生じた廃水は脱塩工程Cに送り返され処理され
る。即ちこの濃縮工程からの廃水中に含有される
製品となるべき鉄の硫化物あるいは硫黄は、脱塩
工程で再び回収される。 以上に示した脱塩工程Cに先立ち、必要に応じ
て濃縮工程を採用することもできるし、又、一方
あるいは両者を多段に組み込んでも良い。更に脱
塩工程を第一段反応工程と第二段反応工程の間に
追加しても良い。 こうして得られた生成物eは、乾燥して使用し
ても、水で湿つた状態でそのまま使用しても、あ
るいは水を油で置換したスラリー状で石炭液化反
応に使用しても良い。 本発明を実施するにあたり、全工程は不活性ガ
ス雰囲気中で処理されるのが好ましい。それは工
程中に生成する沈殿物や最終製品がいずれも酸化
を受けやすいことによる。 本発明の重要な点は、脱塩操作に限界過膜を
用いることにある。すなわち限外過膜法を用い
ると、液中には不要な塩基イオン、酸イオン、
鉄イオンなどのイオンのみが移行し、鉄の硫化
物、コロイド硫黄などは排出されない。従つて製
品収率が格段に上昇する。 しかも、このため特別な廃水処理を必要としな
い。さらにこの後の濃縮工程で生じる廃水もこの
脱塩工程に返送することにより、問題のある鉄の
硫化物、コロイド硫黄などが回収され、全体とし
て要処理廃水を排出しないクリーンなプロセスを
構成することができる。 以下、実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明
するが、本発明はこれら実施例に制限されるもの
ではない。 実施例 1 硫酸第一鉄及び酢酸第一鉄の1対1の混合物を
鉄として230gとり、これを4の純水に溶解し
た。同様に硫化ソーダの五水塩610gを4の純
水に溶解した。これらの2液を混合し、生成した
スラリーを過し、取得した固形分に硫黄粉末
184gを加えて良く混ぜ、これらをあらためて6
の水に分散させ、80℃で40時間撹拌しながら反
応させた。反応器は少量の窒素を流通させている
状態で運転した。反応後のスラリーは過した
後、二硫化炭素で洗浄し、更にテトラヒドロフラ
ンで洗浄し更に乾燥した。この触媒をA触媒と呼
ぶ。以上の方法が従来法に相当する製造方法であ
る。 続いて、硫酸第一鉄及び酢酸第一鉄の1対1の
混合物を鉄として230gとり、これを4の純水
に溶解した。同様に硫化ソーダの五水塩610gを
4の純水に溶解した。これらの2液を混合し、
硫酸を用いてPHを6に調整し、生成したスラリー
に硫黄粉末を184g加えて良くまぜ、80℃で40時
間撹拌しながら反応させた。反応器は少量の窒素
を流通させている状態で運転した。反応後のスラ
リーは遠心分離により固形分を回収した。さら
に、この際に生じた液は限外過膜(ポリアク
リロニトリル系の中空糸状膜)で回分的に10倍量
の純水で脱塩洗浄し、ここで回収したスラリー分
は過で得られた固形分とあわせて乾燥した。こ
の触媒をB触媒と呼ぶ。これが本発明方法により
製造した触媒に相当する。 第1表は従来法と本発明方法における製品触媒
の収率と廃水の主な性質の比較を示したものであ
る。
The present invention relates to a method for producing a catalyst for coal liquefaction. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing an iron-based catalyst used for coal liquefaction. Methods of obtaining a liquefied product containing gas and solids by pulverizing and heating coal and optionally adding hydrogen have been studied for many years, and many techniques are known. In recent years, due to problems such as fuel oil resources and the diversification of chemical products,
The development of coal liquefaction technology is very active, and many new technologies are being developed. However, there are still many problems in order to efficiently obtain high-quality fuel oil, gasoline, or chemical feedstock oil. For example, it requires the addition of an expensive or undesirable catalyst from a pollution standpoint, a large amount of hydrogen is required to liquefy coal, and char is produced during the reaction. Among them, the reaction conditions in the coal reactor, especially the selection of the catalyst, are one of the important factors for determining the quality of liquefied oil. For this reason, a wide variety of catalysts with different chemical species and physical shapes, including methods of addition, have been developed. There are a large number of catalysts for coal liquefaction that have been known in the past, but representative ones include zinc chloride, tin chloride, aluminum chloride, nickel chloride, iron chloride, etc.
Sulfides include tin sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, lead sulfide,
Copper sulfide, zinc sulfide, nickel sulfide, iron sulfide, etc.
Oxides include nickel oxide, silica, alumina, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, titanium oxide, etc. In addition to mixtures thereof, red mud and ore are also known to be used. The above catalyst groups can be roughly divided into three groups.
The first group is chloride-based, which exhibits excellent catalytic effects in coal liquefaction reactions. Among them, it has been reported that in the molten salt method used at high concentrations, light oil is produced abundantly, the amount of gas generated is small, and good liquefaction results are shown. However, in putting this method into practical use, there are major restrictions on the material of the equipment due to the coexistence of hydrogen chloride gas. The second group is Co, which is often used for heavy oil hydrogenation, etc.
It is a group of expensive metals such as Mo, Ni, and W. These catalysts have high hydrogenation activity but are susceptible to poisoning.
The disadvantage is that the catalyst life is short. In addition, since the catalyst is expensive, there are methods to keep the catalyst in the reactor, such as the boiling bed of the H-Coal method, or processes that use the catalyst at a very low concentration and reuse and circulate most of it, such as the Dow method. etc. have been proposed. However, none of them have reached the stage of completion yet. The third group is iron compounds. This is inexpensive and is often used as a disposable catalyst. There are many types of iron compounds used, among them iron hydroxide,
Representative examples include red mud, iron ore, and iron sulfate. The activity of these iron compounds increases dramatically when sulfur coexists. Therefore, it has been proposed to add sulfur to coal that has a low sulfur content. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of natural pyrite (FeS 2 :pyrite) is well known, and various methods for producing synthetic pyrite have been studied. Conventionally, such iron-based catalysts are dissolved in water by reacting an aqueous sodium sulfide solution and an aqueous iron sulfate solution at room temperature or lower, and then filtering or centrifuging the resulting slurry.
After removing and desalting Na + , Fe 2+ , and SO 4 2- , sulfur powder is added to the remaining slurry and reacted at approximately 80°C for 2 to 6 days. The resulting slurry is cooled and subjected to filtration or centrifugation. After that, unreacted iron sulfide was washed away with hydrochloric acid, residual sulfur was removed with carbon disulfide, etc., and the material was used as a catalyst for coal liquefaction.
(For example, Sandea National Laboratory Energy Report No. 80-2793 in the United States) The present inventors have also begun to consider using iron-based catalysts that are inexpensive and easy to use for coal liquefaction, but the conventional technology described above Alternatively, fine iron sulfide particles and colloidal sulfur may not be sufficiently recovered during the centrifugation process, resulting in lower product yields, and colloidal sulfur and sulfides may be mixed into the liquid, making wastewater treatment necessary. There are big problems such as what happens. Generally, a coagulation sedimentation method is used as a method for treating such wastewater, but it is difficult to operate stably, and there are also problems in processing the coagulation residue after treatment. Therefore, the present inventors proceeded to improve product yield and improve the filtration process for wastewater treatment, and surprisingly found that these problems could be solved simultaneously by using ultrafiltration. This finding led to the completion of the present invention. That is, the present invention uses a step of mixing and reacting a basic aqueous solution containing sulfur ions and an acidic aqueous solution containing iron ions, a step of adding sulfur powder to the slurry produced in this step and causing the reaction, and an ultrafiltration method. This is a method for producing a catalyst for coal liquefaction, which consists of a step of desalting and a step of concentrating and separating the solid content in the slurry. Next, the first example is a process diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
This will be explained in detail based on the figures. The basic aqueous solution containing sulfur ions (a in the figure) is an aqueous solution containing, for example, salts generated when sodium sulfide, ammonium sulfide, potassium sulfide, calcium sulfide, or hydrogen sulfide gas is absorbed into a basic aqueous solution. This aqueous solution is generally used at a concentration of 0.1 molar to 4 molar, depending on the solubility of the salt and the temperature. Further, the purity of these reagents is sufficient to be at the level of industrial chemicals, or an aqueous solution of a salt consisting of sulfur and a base produced as a by-product in the process of treating hydrogen sulfide gas may be used as is. Furthermore, a mixture of these may be used. An acidic aqueous solution containing iron ions (b in the figure) is an aqueous solution of a salt such as iron acetate, iron oxalate, iron chloride, iron sulfate, iron nitrate, etc., which is produced by dissolving iron or an iron compound in an inorganic or organic acid. It is. These salts include ferrous salts and ferric salts,
Ferrous salts are preferred. These salts may also be industrial reagents or by-products from other processes. Furthermore, iron ore dissolved in acid may also be used. It is also possible to use mixtures of the various salt solutions mentioned above. The concentration of this aqueous solution is also preferably within the range of 0.1 to 4 molar concentration. If the concentration of these aqueous solutions is too thin, it is economically disadvantageous; if the concentration is too thick, the temperature must be raised more than necessary to increase solubility. In the first stage reaction step A in which a basic aqueous solution a containing sulfur ions and an acidic aqueous solution b containing iron ions are mixed and reacted, the reaction is approximately equimolar, but the pH of the liquid after the reaction is 2 or more and less than 7, It is preferable to adjust the mixing ratio of both so that it is preferably 4 or more and 6 or less. The step of adding sulfur powder c to the slurry produced here and reacting it is the second reaction step B. This reaction is very slow, so the reaction temperature is 50℃.
As mentioned above, the temperature is preferably 80 to 90°C, but when operating at a temperature below the boiling point under pressure, the temperature may be 90°C or higher. In this case, the heating method may be indirect or direct steam may be blown into the slurry. The reaction time is preferably 1 hour or more, preferably 10 to 60 hours. It is sufficient for sulfur to be in an approximately equimolar ratio with the iron ion of the original raw material, but the molar ratio is 5% or more, preferably 10 to 20 mol.
It is best to add about % in excess. The ultrafiltration method is used in the desalting step C, and the membrane used may be a natural polymer membrane such as gelatin or collodion, or a synthetic polymer membrane such as acetyl cellulose, polyvinylidene fluoride, or polyacrylonitrile. Further, the structure of the membrane may be any of a spiral type, hollow fiber type, circular tube type, or flat plate type. Washing water may or may not be supplied in this step. When this is supplied, either batchwise or continuous supply may be used. It is preferable to reverse the polarity intermittently during the ultraviolet passage. The slurry flowing into this desalting process contains base ions, acid ions, iron ions, etc., and in this process water containing these ions is converted into water.
The slurry leaving this process is a slurry of solids, mostly iron sulfides and sulfur, and wash water. At this time, the removal of the ions described above does not necessarily have to be complete in the present invention. Even if some of these remain, it does not significantly affect the catalytic activity itself. The first effect of this step desalination method is to reduce the amount of loss of iron sulfide, which is a product, and the second effect is to suppress the concentration of iron sulfide, sulfur, etc. in wastewater d to the lowest possible level. Note that in this step, preconcentration can be cited as a third effect. In ultrafiltration, the viscosity of the feed slurry is generally 100cp
If the viscosity exceeds this value, operation becomes difficult, but if the viscosity is below this value, concentration can be easily performed. The concentration separation step D may employ general solid-liquid separation techniques such as filtration and centrifugation. The wastewater produced here is sent back to desalination step C for treatment. That is, iron sulfide or sulfur, which is to be a product, contained in the wastewater from the concentration process is recovered again in the desalination process. Prior to the desalting step C shown above, a concentration step may be employed as necessary, or one or both may be incorporated in multiple stages. Furthermore, a desalting step may be added between the first reaction step and the second reaction step. The product e thus obtained may be used in a dry state, or may be used as it is in a wet state with water, or may be used in the coal liquefaction reaction in the form of a slurry in which water is replaced with oil. In practicing the present invention, all steps are preferably carried out in an inert gas atmosphere. This is because precipitates generated during the process and the final product are both susceptible to oxidation. The key point of the present invention is the use of a limiting membrane for the desalting operation. In other words, when using the ultrafiltration membrane method, unnecessary base ions, acid ions,
Only ions such as iron ions migrate; iron sulfides and colloidal sulfur are not emitted. Therefore, the product yield is significantly increased. Furthermore, no special wastewater treatment is required. Furthermore, by returning the wastewater generated in the subsequent concentration process to this desalination process, problematic iron sulfides, colloidal sulfur, etc. are recovered, creating an overall clean process that does not discharge wastewater that requires treatment. Can be done. EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Example 1 230 g of a 1:1 mixture of ferrous sulfate and ferrous acetate was taken as iron, and this was dissolved in 4 pure water. Similarly, 610 g of sodium sulfide pentahydrate was dissolved in 4 pure water. Mix these two liquids, filter the resulting slurry, and add sulfur powder to the solid content obtained.
Add 184g, mix well, and add 6
of water and reacted at 80°C for 40 hours with stirring. The reactor was operated with a small amount of nitrogen flowing through it. The slurry after the reaction was filtered, washed with carbon disulfide, further washed with tetrahydrofuran, and further dried. This catalyst is called A catalyst. The above method is a manufacturing method corresponding to the conventional method. Subsequently, 230 g of a 1:1 mixture of ferrous sulfate and ferrous acetate was taken as iron, and this was dissolved in 4 pure water. Similarly, 610 g of sodium sulfide pentahydrate was dissolved in 4 pure water. Mix these two liquids,
The pH was adjusted to 6 using sulfuric acid, 184 g of sulfur powder was added to the resulting slurry, mixed well, and reacted at 80° C. for 40 hours with stirring. The reactor was operated with a small amount of nitrogen flowing through it. After the reaction, the slurry was centrifuged to recover the solid content. Furthermore, the liquid produced at this time was demineralized and washed batchwise with 10 times the amount of pure water using an ultrafiltration membrane (a polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane), and the slurry recovered here was washed using an ultrafiltration membrane (polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane). It was dried together with the solid content. This catalyst is called the B catalyst. This corresponds to the catalyst produced by the method of the present invention. Table 1 shows a comparison of the yield of product catalyst and the main properties of wastewater between the conventional method and the method of the present invention.

【表】 第1表に示している溶解鉄イオンとは、廃液中
に溶けている鉄イオンの濃度であり、全鉄濃度と
は、廃液にけん濁している固形分中に含まれる鉄
を、塩酸で溶かし出して液中の鉄イオンと合わせ
てだした鉄濃度である。 この第1表から、従来法に比較して本発明方法
の方が、製品収率及び廃液の性状が格段にすぐれ
ていることは一目瞭然である。 第2図は、0.5のオートクレーブで活性の評
価を行つた結果である。石炭としてはイリノイNo.
6炭を用い、水素仕込圧80Kg/cm2(反応温度での
圧力は約150Kg/cm2)、反応時間30分、反応温度
460℃の条件で液化反応を行つた。なお触媒量は、
無水無灰炭あたり鉄重量で10重量%使用した。溶
媒には脱晶アントラセン油を用い、無水無灰炭に
対し重量にして2倍量を加えた。 第2図の横軸は、ヘキサン可溶分油の全油に対
する重量分率であつて水添度合を示す尺度と考え
ることができる。ここで全油とは、ヘキサン可溶
分油とアスフアルテン及びプレアスフアルテンの
総重量をいう。又、縦軸は生成軽質油の仕込無水
無灰炭に対する重量分率を示し、水素化分解の度
合を示す尺度とみなされる。ここでいう軽質油と
は、ヘキサン等の炭素数5以上の物質であつて、
かつ常圧に於ける沸点300℃以下のものをいう。 この図は液化が軽質化の方向に進むと右上りと
なり、結果的に触媒活性の尺度となりうる。 第2図において,,およびはそれぞれ
下記の触媒を用いた反応結果を示すものである。 従来方法による調製触媒(A触媒) 本発明方法による調整触媒(B触媒) 鉱物パイライト 電解鉄粉+硫黄 上記の鉱物パイライトとは、岡山県の棚原鉱
山産出のパイライトを200メツシユ以下に粉砕し
たものである。の電解鉄粉とは市販の電解鉄粉
であり、325メツシユ以下のものである。この時
添加した硫黄の量は鉄と等モルである。 第2図で明白なことは、の本発明による調製
触媒が他の触媒と比較して水添度合及び水素化分
解度合のいずれも高く、すぐれた活性を示してい
ることである。 実験例 1 硝酸第1鉄を鉄として230gとり、これを4
の純水に溶解した。同様に硫化カリウム399gを
4の純水に溶解した。これらの2液を混合し、
硝酸を用いてPHを6に調製し、生成したスラリー
に硫黄粉末を184g加えて良く混ぜ80℃で40時間
撹拌しながら反応した。こうして生成したスラリ
ーを限外過装置で処理して4まで濃縮し、こ
れに純水を4加えよく混合したのち、再び同じ
限外過装置で4まで濃縮した。続いてこれを
純水で希釈し、限外過装置で濃縮する操作を合
計5回繰り返した。この時の結果を示したのが第
3図である。縦軸は、限外過装置からの液の
流出速度を示し、横軸は、最初に濃縮した時に生
じた液中の汚濁分濃度の、濃縮時の液中の汚
濁分濃度に対する比で精製度を示す(次式)。こ
の時の汚濁分の量は液を蒸発乾固して求めた。 精製度=
初流出液中の汚濁分濃度/その時点における液中の
汚濁分濃度 第3図から、液の流出速度にほとんど変化が
ないため、この程度の精製および運転時間では限
外過膜の目詰り等の心配は全くないと判断され
る。 ここで用いた限外過膜は、ポリアクリロニト
リル系の中空糸状膜である。
[Table] The dissolved iron ions shown in Table 1 are the concentration of iron ions dissolved in the waste liquid, and the total iron concentration refers to the iron contained in the solid matter suspended in the waste liquid. This is the iron concentration obtained by dissolving it with hydrochloric acid and combining it with the iron ions in the solution. From Table 1, it is obvious that the method of the present invention is much better in product yield and properties of waste liquid than the conventional method. Figure 2 shows the results of activity evaluation in a 0.5 autoclave. Illinois is No. 1 for coal.
6 carbon, hydrogen charging pressure 80Kg/cm 2 (pressure at reaction temperature is approximately 150Kg/cm 2 ), reaction time 30 minutes, reaction temperature.
The liquefaction reaction was carried out at 460°C. The amount of catalyst is
10% by weight of iron was used per anhydrous ash-free coal. Decrystallized anthracene oil was used as a solvent, and twice the amount by weight of anhydrous ash-free charcoal was added. The horizontal axis in FIG. 2 is the weight fraction of hexane-soluble oil relative to the total oil, and can be considered as a scale indicating the degree of hydrogenation. Here, the total oil refers to the total weight of hexane-soluble oil, asphaltene, and pre-asphaltene. The vertical axis indicates the weight fraction of the light oil produced relative to the charged anhydrous ash-free coal, which is considered as a measure of the degree of hydrocracking. The light oil referred to here is a substance with a carbon number of 5 or more, such as hexane,
and has a boiling point of 300°C or less at normal pressure. This figure slopes upward to the right as liquefaction progresses toward lighter weight, which can serve as a measure of catalytic activity. In FIG. 2, and indicate the reaction results using the following catalysts, respectively. Catalyst prepared by the conventional method (Catalyst A) Catalyst prepared by the method of the present invention (Catalyst B) Mineral pyrite Electrolyzed iron powder + sulfur The mineral pyrite mentioned above is pyrite produced at the Tanahara mine in Okayama Prefecture, which has been crushed to 200 mesh or less. be. Electrolytic iron powder is commercially available electrolytic iron powder with a mesh size of 325 mesh or less. The amount of sulfur added at this time was equimolar to that of iron. What is clear from FIG. 2 is that the catalyst prepared according to the invention has a higher degree of hydrogenation and a higher degree of hydrogenolysis than other catalysts, indicating excellent activity. Experimental example 1 Take 230g of ferrous nitrate as iron, and add 4
was dissolved in pure water. Similarly, 399 g of potassium sulfide was dissolved in 4 pure water. Mix these two liquids,
The pH was adjusted to 6 using nitric acid, and 184 g of sulfur powder was added to the resulting slurry, mixed well and reacted at 80° C. for 40 hours with stirring. The slurry thus produced was treated with an ultrafiltration device and concentrated to a concentration of 4, and after adding 4 of pure water and thoroughly mixed, the slurry was again concentrated to a concentration of 4 using the same ultrafiltration device. Subsequently, this was diluted with pure water and concentrated using an ultrafiltration device, which was repeated five times in total. Figure 3 shows the results at this time. The vertical axis shows the outflow rate of the liquid from the ultrafiltration device, and the horizontal axis shows the ratio of the concentration of contaminants in the liquid at the time of initial concentration to the concentration of contaminants in the liquid at the time of concentration, which indicates the degree of purification. (the following formula). The amount of contamination at this time was determined by evaporating the liquid to dryness. Purity =
Concentration of contaminants in the initial effluent / Concentration of contaminants in the liquid at that point From Figure 3, it can be seen that there is almost no change in the outflow rate of the liquid, so with this level of purification and operation time, the ultrafiltration membrane may be clogged. It is judged that there is no need to worry about this. The ultrafiltration membrane used here is a polyacrylonitrile hollow fiber membrane.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は、本発明方法の一つの実施態様を示し
た工程図である。 A;第一段反応工程、B;第二段反応工程、
C;脱塩工程、D;濃縮分離工程、a;硫黄イオ
ン含有塩基性水溶液、b;鉄イオン含有酸性水溶
液、c;硫黄粉末、d;水(廃水)、e;製品
(触媒) 第2図は、本発明による触媒とその他の触媒と
の性能の比較を示した図である。第3図は、本発
明における反覆限外過の実験例を示したもので
ある。横軸の精製度は次式で示される。 精製度=
初流出液中の汚濁分濃度/その時点における液中の
汚濁分濃度
FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing one embodiment of the method of the present invention. A; first stage reaction step, B; second stage reaction step,
C: Desalting process, D: Concentration separation process, a: Basic aqueous solution containing sulfur ions, b: Acidic aqueous solution containing iron ions, c: Sulfur powder, d: Water (wastewater), e: Product (catalyst). 1 is a diagram showing a comparison of the performance of the catalyst according to the present invention and other catalysts. FIG. 3 shows an experimental example of repeated limit pass in the present invention. The degree of refinement on the horizontal axis is expressed by the following formula. Purity =
Concentration of contaminants in the initial effluent / Concentration of contaminants in the liquid at that point

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 硫黄イオンを含む塩基性水溶液と鉄イオンを
含む酸性水溶液とを混合し反応させる工程、この
工程で生成したスラリーに硫黄粉末を添加して反
応させる工程、限外過法を用いて脱塩する工程
およびスラリー中の固形分を濃縮分離する工程か
らなる石炭液化用触媒の製造法。
1. A step of mixing and reacting a basic aqueous solution containing sulfur ions and an acidic aqueous solution containing iron ions, a step of adding sulfur powder to the slurry produced in this step and reacting it, and desalting using an ultrafiltration method. A method for producing a catalyst for coal liquefaction, which comprises a step and a step of concentrating and separating solid content in a slurry.
JP58067779A 1983-04-19 1983-04-19 Preparation of catalyst for liquefaction of coal Granted JPS59209648A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58067779A JPS59209648A (en) 1983-04-19 1983-04-19 Preparation of catalyst for liquefaction of coal

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58067779A JPS59209648A (en) 1983-04-19 1983-04-19 Preparation of catalyst for liquefaction of coal

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59209648A JPS59209648A (en) 1984-11-28
JPS63103B2 true JPS63103B2 (en) 1988-01-05

Family

ID=13354778

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58067779A Granted JPS59209648A (en) 1983-04-19 1983-04-19 Preparation of catalyst for liquefaction of coal

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59209648A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0452504U (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-05-06

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0452504U (en) * 1990-09-10 1992-05-06

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59209648A (en) 1984-11-28

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