JPS6311574B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to heating or cooling by solar heat, and its object is to perform it in an economically advantageous manner using a device of simple construction. In other words, the objective is to provide wall and roof materials that can perform air conditioning and heating without using special equipment such as compressors or pumps, and therefore based on a passive approach.

Recently, the use of heat insulating materials as wall materials has become popular for the purpose of energy saving. On the other hand, attempts have been made to use sensible heat from stones and cement, and latent heat storage using the heat of fusion and solidification of inorganic hydrated salts and organic substances. However, although this attempt is somewhat effective, the heat storage density is only about 30kcal/
Since it is relatively small at about Kg, it has disadvantages such as a limit on the amount of heat storage and a large heat storage container. In addition, solar heat utilization equipment required heat collectors, heat storage units, pumps, etc. for hot water supply, and expensive equipment such as absorption air-conditioning equipment for heating and cooling. Therefore, although it is possible to utilize solar heat, the reality is that it is quite difficult to achieve economic efficiency.

The present invention is based on the above-mentioned conventional technology, and operates an absorbing material that reversibly generates or absorbs heat when absorbing or releasing a gaseous heat medium as a so-called chemical heat pump, and uses the heat generated at this time for heating or cooling. It is used for cooling. In other words, a wall-like airtight container filled with absorbent material is used as a building component such as a wall or roof, airtight containers with heat exchange functions are arranged indoors and outdoors, and these are operated as a condenser or evaporator. It is intended to be used as a building material for heating and cooling systems. In order to improve performance, measures such as using a selective absorption film on the sunlight-receiving surface, reducing the pressure of the entire system, and creating a structure that can function as both an evaporator and a condenser to perform both cooling and heating functions are taken. Use.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment in which this member is used as a wall for heating purposes. 1 is a spherical silica gel with an average particle diameter of 2 mm, and the whole is contained in a wall-shaped airtight container 2. A selective absorption film 3 is installed on the surface exposed to sunlight in order to improve heat collection efficiency. Further, the airtight container has a condenser 4 connected indoors via a switch 6 and an evaporator connected outdoors via a switch 7 in an airtight manner. With such a configuration, heating becomes possible. That is, during solar radiation, the selective absorption membrane 3 serving as a heat collecting plate is first heated, and this heat heats the silica gel 1 that has already absorbed moisture, thereby drying it. Naturally, the heat of desorption required at this time is covered by solar heat. The generated water vapor then enters the condenser in the room through the open switch 6 and becomes water. At this time, condensation heat is generated and can be used for heating. And when there is no sunlight, for example at night,
When you close the switch 6 between the condenser 4 and open the switch 7 between the evaporator 5 and the evaporator 5, the water vapor evaporated from the evaporator 5 is absorbed by the silica gel 1. It generates heat and condensation heat, which can be used for heating. This has a heat storage function, and only when the switch 7 is opened does it start dissipating heat.

Figure 2 is a layout diagram for cooling, with absorbent material 1'
is placed in an airtight container 2', and solar heat is absorbed by a selective absorption membrane 3'. An evaporator 5' is disposed indoors of the airtight container 2' via a switch 6', and a condenser 4' is disposed outdoors via a switch 7'. Further, a heat insulating layer is provided on the interior surface of the airtight container 2'. During solar radiation, water vapor generated from the absorbent material 1' is condensed in an outdoor condenser 4'. At this time, since the wall material becomes high temperature, a heat insulating material layer 8 is provided on the wall surface so that it is difficult to transmit heat into the room. When there is no sunlight, the switch 6' is opened to evaporate water from the evaporator 5' located indoors. The cold energy generated at this time is used to cool the room. Note that the absorbent material 1' is heated at this time,
Since the room is insulated by the heat insulating layer 8, this heat hardly ever enters the room being cooled.

Note that Figure 1 above shows the heating mode, and Figure 2 shows the cooling mode, but by using a structure that can serve as both the condenser and evaporator, and by making the heat insulating material layer removable, The above functional walls can be used for cooling purposes and for heating purposes in winter.

In addition, the heat medium should be selected from water or methyl alcohol, which has a large latent heat of vaporization, and the absorbent material should be selected from zeolite, silica gel, alumina-silica gel, sodium sulfide, calcium chloride, or magnesium chloride, which absorb a large amount of vapor from these media, depending on the heat storage density. , preferred in terms of cost, safety, etc.
An example of the effect as a functional wall is shown below. 40 kg of spherical silica gel with a diameter of 2 mm, size 100 x 100 cm, thickness 5
cm into an airtight container made of a 0.8 mm thick copper plate, put 40 cm of water into the evaporator and condenser configured as shown in Figure 1, reduce the pressure of the entire system to 5 Torr, and then seal it. did. The light-receiving surface is black chrome, with an absorption rate of 0.95 and an emissivity of 0.10. Figure 3 shows the results of operation during clear weather on January 20, 1981. In the figure, A is 6 with the wall of this device.
is the average temperature of the room in the notebook, B is the outside temperature,
In addition, C is constructed with a heat storage wall using crushed stone as a heat storage material 6
This is the average temperature of the notebook room.

As described above, when the solar heating building member according to the present invention is used as a heating wall, the temperature is significantly higher than the outside air temperature or the room temperature of a normal crushed stone heat storage wall room, and it can be fully utilized for heating purposes and auxiliary heating purposes. I understand. Furthermore, when used as a cooling wall, the room temperature can be lowered by about 8° C. from the outside temperature when sunlight is weak or after sunset.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an example in which a solar heat-utilizing functional building member according to an embodiment of the present invention is used for heating, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of an example in which the same is used for cooling, and
The figure is a characteristic diagram showing the effect for heating. 1,1'...Silica gel, 2,2'...Airtight container, 3,3'...Selective absorption membrane, 4,4'...Condenser, 5,5'...Evaporator, 6,6'... ...Switch.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An airtight wall-like airtight container containing a heat storage material that reversibly generates and absorbs heat when absorbing and releasing a gaseous heat medium, which has a heat exchange function on both the outdoor and indoor sides. 1. A solar heat-utilizing functional building component, characterized in that a container is arranged, and both airtight containers and the wall-like airtight container are airtightly connected via a switch. 2. The solar heat utilization functional building component according to claim 1, characterized in that a selective absorption film is provided on the outdoor side of the wall-like airtight container. 3 The outdoor airtight container of the wall airtight container is operated as a condenser, the indoor airtight container is operated as an evaporator, and a heat insulating material is provided on the indoor wall surface of the wall airtight container to provide a cooling function. The solar heat utilization functional building member according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar heat utilization functional building member is made to have elasticity. 4. Claim 1, characterized in that the outdoor airtight container of the walled airtight container is operated as an evaporator, and the indoor airtight container is operated as a condenser to provide a heating function. The solar heat utilization functional building component described above.