JPS6315485B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6315485B2 JPS6315485B2 JP58038337A JP3833783A JPS6315485B2 JP S6315485 B2 JPS6315485 B2 JP S6315485B2 JP 58038337 A JP58038337 A JP 58038337A JP 3833783 A JP3833783 A JP 3833783A JP S6315485 B2 JPS6315485 B2 JP S6315485B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- combustion furnace
- oxygen
- combustion
- amount
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
- F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
- F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（目的および背景）
本発明は燃焼炉の運転制御方法、特に燃料組成
及び燃焼用酸素含有ガス組成のいずれか一方また
は両方が経時的に変動する原料を使用する燃焼炉
において、最適の空燃比を維持すると同時に、燃
焼炉における被加熱体の温度を一定に保つように
燃焼炉への燃料供給量を調節する方法に関するも
のである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Purpose and Background) The present invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of a combustion furnace, particularly a combustion furnace that uses a raw material in which either or both of the fuel composition and the oxygen-containing gas composition for combustion changes over time. The present invention relates to a method of adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to a combustion furnace so as to maintain an optimum air-fuel ratio and at the same time keep the temperature of a heated object in the combustion furnace constant.
組成が経時的に変動する燃料の例としては製油
所オフガス、PSA（Pressure Swing
Adsorption）オフガス等があり、酸素含有ガス
組成が変動する例としては酸化反応排ガス等を加
熱炉に使用する場合等がある。このような原料を
使用して燃焼を行うと、ある場合には燃料に対し
酸素が不足して不完全燃焼になり、また他の場合
には燃料に対し酸素が過剰になつて排ガスにより
持ち去られる熱損失が多くなり、いずれの場合も
燃料のエネルギー利用効率が低下し、また一酸化
炭素あるいは酸化窒素のような有害ガスが発生し
易くなる。 Examples of fuels whose composition changes over time include refinery offgas and PSA (Pressure Swing).
An example of a case where the oxygen-containing gas composition fluctuates is when oxidation reaction exhaust gas is used in a heating furnace. When such raw materials are used for combustion, in some cases there is a lack of oxygen relative to the fuel, resulting in incomplete combustion, and in other cases, there is an excess of oxygen relative to the fuel, which is carried away by the exhaust gas. Heat loss increases, and in both cases, the energy utilization efficiency of the fuel decreases, and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide or nitrogen oxide are more likely to be generated.
組成の安定した燃料および空気を用いて最適の
燃焼状態を保つためには燃焼排ガス中の残存酸素
含有率を測定しそれが一定値となるよう空燃比を
制御すれば十分であるが、燃料組成の経時的変動
が激しい場合には実際に必要とされるのとは逆の
操作、例えば燃焼中の燃料の酸素消費量が多く排
ガス中の残存酸素含有率が低下したので酸素供給
量を増すかあるいは燃料供給量を減らす操作をし
たのに、流量調整弁付近における供給燃料組成は
既に変化して酸素必要量は減少しているというよ
うなことが起り得る。 In order to maintain optimal combustion conditions using fuel and air with a stable composition, it is sufficient to measure the residual oxygen content in the combustion exhaust gas and control the air-fuel ratio to keep it at a constant value. If there are significant changes over time, do the opposite of what is actually required, for example, increase the amount of oxygen supplied because the amount of oxygen consumed by the fuel during combustion is high and the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas has decreased. Alternatively, even though an operation has been performed to reduce the amount of fuel supplied, the composition of the supplied fuel near the flow rate regulating valve has already changed and the required amount of oxygen may have decreased.
このような場合一般的に考えられる制御方法と
しては、原料組成、例えば燃料についてはH2、
COおよびメタンその他の炭化水素の含有率をそ
れぞれ常時測定して必要酸素量を算出し、酸素含
有ガス組成が変化する場合には酸素の濃度も常時
測定して最適空燃比を算出し、それに基いて原料
供給量を変化させることである。このようにすれ
ば理想的なコントロールを行い得るが、しかしこ
の方法は原料組成の分析を迅速に行うため赤外分
析計のような各種の高価な分析装置を使用し、高
性能のコンピユータを用いてデータを処理してタ
イムラグのないように操作する必要がある。 In such cases, commonly considered control methods include controlling the raw material composition, for example, H 2 for fuel;
The required amount of oxygen is calculated by constantly measuring the content of CO and methane and other hydrocarbons, and if the oxygen-containing gas composition changes, the oxygen concentration is also constantly measured to calculate the optimal air-fuel ratio, and based on that. This means changing the amount of raw material supplied. This method provides ideal control, but this method uses various expensive analytical equipment such as infrared analyzers and high-performance computers to quickly analyze the composition of raw materials. It is necessary to process the data and operate it without time lag.
また燃料の組成が変動すれば当然その単位発熱
量（Kcal／Ｎm3）も変動し、燃焼ガス到達温度
が変動するため伝熱量も変動するので、空燃比を
制御し一定の残存酸素含有率で運転しても、燃焼
炉への燃料供給量が一定のままでは燃焼炉におけ
る被加熱体の温度が変化してしまう。 Furthermore, if the composition of the fuel changes, its unit calorific value (Kcal/Nm 3 ) will naturally change, and the temperature reached by the combustion gas will also change, so the amount of heat transferred will also change, so the air-fuel ratio can be controlled to maintain a constant residual oxygen content. Even during operation, if the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion furnace remains constant, the temperature of the heated body in the combustion furnace will change.
被加熱体の温度を一定に保つには、燃料の単位
発熱量の変化に応じて燃焼炉への燃料供給量を調
節する必要がある。 In order to keep the temperature of the heated body constant, it is necessary to adjust the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion furnace according to changes in the unit calorific value of the fuel.
本発明は高価な装置を用いることなく最適燃焼
状態を維持するよう空燃比を制御すると同時に、
燃焼炉における被加熱体の温度を一定に保つよう
に燃焼炉への燃料供給量を調節する方法を提供す
るものである。 The present invention controls the air-fuel ratio to maintain optimal combustion conditions without using expensive equipment, and at the same time
The present invention provides a method for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to a combustion furnace so as to keep the temperature of a heated object in the combustion furnace constant.
（構成）
本発明の燃焼炉の運転制御方法は、燃料組成お
よび燃焼用酸素含有ガス組成のいずれか一方また
は両方が経時的に変動する原料を使用する燃焼炉
において、燃料および酸素含有ガスのそれぞれを
燃焼炉への供給量に対し同一比率で分流し、それ
らを測定用燃焼器で燃焼させ、その燃焼排ガス中
の残存酸素含有率が一定値になるように燃焼炉へ
供給する燃料と酸素含有ガスとの比率を調節する
と同時に、測定用燃焼器における燃焼ガスの温度
を測定し燃料の発熱量変化を求めそれに基いて燃
焼炉への燃料供給量を調節することよりなる。(Structure) The combustion furnace operation control method of the present invention provides a method for controlling the operation of a combustion furnace in which one or both of the fuel composition and the oxygen-containing gas composition for combustion fluctuates over time. The amount of fuel supplied to the combustion furnace is divided at the same ratio and combusted in a measurement combustor, and the amount of fuel and oxygen content is supplied to the combustion furnace so that the residual oxygen content in the combustion exhaust gas is a constant value. At the same time as adjusting the ratio with gas, the temperature of the combustion gas in the measurement combustor is measured to determine the change in the calorific value of the fuel, and the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion furnace is adjusted based on the change in the calorific value of the fuel.
さらに詳細に説明すると、本発明は大型の燃焼
炉で起り得るであろう酸素の過不足現象をそれよ
り早い時点において小型の測定用燃焼器において
モデル的に生起させ、その結果に基いて空燃比を
制御することにより燃焼炉における酸素の過不足
を未然に防止すると同時に、測定用燃焼器におけ
る燃焼ガスの温度を測定することにより燃料の発
熱量変化を知り、それに基いて燃焼炉への燃料供
給量を調節することにより燃焼炉における被加熱
体の温度変化をなくすことを原理とする。 To explain in more detail, the present invention simulates the oxygen excess/deficiency phenomenon that would occur in a large combustion furnace in a small measurement combustor at an earlier point in time, and based on the results, calculates the air-fuel ratio. By controlling this, it is possible to prevent excess or deficiency of oxygen in the combustion furnace, and at the same time, by measuring the temperature of the combustion gas in the measurement combustor, changes in the calorific value of the fuel can be detected, and based on this, the fuel can be supplied to the combustion furnace. The principle is to eliminate temperature changes in the heated body in the combustion furnace by adjusting the amount.
そのためまず燃焼炉へ供給する燃料および酸素
含有ガスのそれぞれを燃焼炉への供給量に対し同
一比率で分流する。例えば燃料を燃焼炉への供給
量の一万分の一相当を分流するならば、酸素含有
ガスについても燃焼炉への供給量の一万分の一相
当を分流する。タイムラグを少なくするため分流
地点から測定用燃焼器までの管路をできるだけ短
くするようにした方がよい。分流比率は設計段階
で特定すればよく燃焼炉本体の容量とは無関係に
分流量として概ね50ml／min〜10／minのサン
プルが得られうようにすれば十分である。 For this reason, first, the fuel and oxygen-containing gas to be supplied to the combustion furnace are divided at the same ratio with respect to the amount supplied to the combustion furnace. For example, if one-ten thousandth of the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion furnace is diverted, one ten-thousandth of the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied to the combustion furnace is also diverted. In order to reduce the time lag, it is better to make the pipe line from the diversion point to the measurement combustor as short as possible. It is sufficient to specify the diversion ratio at the design stage, and it is sufficient to obtain a sample with a diversion flow rate of approximately 50 ml/min to 10/min, regardless of the capacity of the combustion furnace main body.
同一比率での分流は流量比例制御により行なう
ことができる。また測定用燃焼器の内圧を燃焼炉
の内圧と同一にすることによつても簡単に分流が
行なえる。これは燃焼炉と測定用燃焼器の夫々の
バーナー差圧が同一となることにより分流比も一
定となるからである。 Dividing the flow at the same ratio can be performed by proportional flow rate control. Further, the flow can be easily divided by making the internal pressure of the measuring combustor the same as the internal pressure of the combustion furnace. This is because the burner differential pressures of the combustion furnace and the measuring combustor are the same, so that the splitting ratio is also constant.
このように分流した燃料および酸素含有ガスを
測定用燃焼器に導き燃焼させる。燃焼器には触媒
を充填して完全燃焼させるようにした方がよい。
これはまた失火によるトラブルを防止するのにも
有効である。この測定用燃焼器出口において燃焼
排ガス中の残存酸素含有率を測定する。この値が
基準値に対して低い値であるならば基準値との差
の程度に応じて燃焼炉に供給する酸素含有ガス量
を増すか燃料を減らすかし、基準値に対して高い
値であるならば酸素含有ガス量を減らすか燃料供
給量を増すかする。この操作は酸素分析計により
得られたデータを処理するコンピユータ及びその
計算結果に基いて作動される流量調整弁を組合せ
ることによりリアルタイムで行うことができる。 The thus divided fuel and oxygen-containing gas are led to a measurement combustor and burned. It is better to fill the combustor with a catalyst to ensure complete combustion.
This is also effective in preventing troubles caused by misfires. The residual oxygen content in the combustion exhaust gas is measured at the combustor outlet for measurement. If this value is lower than the standard value, increase the amount of oxygen-containing gas supplied to the combustion furnace or reduce the fuel depending on the degree of difference from the standard value. If so, reduce the amount of oxygen-containing gas or increase the amount of fuel supplied. This operation can be performed in real time by combining a computer that processes data obtained by the oxygen analyzer and a flow rate regulating valve that is operated based on the calculation results.
以上で燃焼炉において空燃比を調節し一定の残
存酸素含有率で運転できる方法を示したが、これ
だけでは被加熱体の温度を一定に保てない。それ
は燃料の単位発熱量（Kcal／Ｎm3）が変化した
場合、燃焼ガス到達温度が変化するため伝熱量も
変化してしまうので被加熱体の温度が変化するか
らである。 The method described above allows the combustion furnace to operate at a constant residual oxygen content by adjusting the air-fuel ratio, but this method alone cannot keep the temperature of the heated object constant. This is because when the unit calorific value (Kcal/Nm 3 ) of the fuel changes, the temperature reached by the combustion gas changes, so the amount of heat transferred also changes, and the temperature of the heated body changes.
そこで測定用燃焼器に温度計を設けて燃焼ガス
の温度を測定しその温度と所定値との差から発熱
量変化を求めそれに基いて燃焼炉への燃料供給量
を調節する。ここで所定値とは組成一定の燃料を
一定の空燃比で燃焼させた場合に到達する燃焼排
ガス温度をいう。即ち測定温度が所定値より低い
場合には所定値との差に応じて燃料供給量を増加
させ、高い場合には減少させる。このようにして
定められた燃料供給量を基準として既述の方法に
より酸素含有ガス供給量を設定すれば燃焼炉にお
ける発熱量および燃焼排ガス中の残存酸素含有率
を一定に保ちつつ、燃焼炉における被加熱体の温
度変化をなくすことができる。なお最終的には被
加熱体の温度を修正用情報として使用し燃料供給
量を増減させる修正も可能である。 Therefore, a thermometer is provided in the measurement combustor to measure the temperature of the combustion gas, and a change in calorific value is determined from the difference between the temperature and a predetermined value, and the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion furnace is adjusted based on the change. Here, the predetermined value refers to the combustion exhaust gas temperature that is reached when fuel with a constant composition is combusted at a constant air-fuel ratio. That is, when the measured temperature is lower than a predetermined value, the fuel supply amount is increased according to the difference from the predetermined value, and when it is higher, it is decreased. By setting the oxygen-containing gas supply amount using the above-described method based on the fuel supply amount determined in this way, the amount of heat generated in the combustion furnace and the residual oxygen content in the combustion exhaust gas can be kept constant. Temperature changes in the heated object can be eliminated. Finally, it is also possible to use the temperature of the heated body as correction information to increase or decrease the amount of fuel supplied.
添付図面により更に具体的に説明すると、第１
図において、１は燃焼炉、２は燃料供給ライン、
２１はその流量調整弁、３は酸素含有ガス供給ラ
イン、３１はその流量調整弁であり、燃料および
酸素含有ガスはそれぞれ分岐したライン２２およ
び３２により燃焼炉への供給量に対し同一比率で
分流して測定用燃焼器４へ供給し燃焼させる。そ
の燃焼排ガス中の残存酸素含有率を酸素アナライ
ザー４１で測定し、そのデータをコンピユータ５
にインプツトして、設定した一定値との差に応じ
た制御情報を発生させ、それを酸素含有ガス流量
調整弁３１に供給してコントロールする。 To explain more specifically with reference to the attached drawings, the first
In the figure, 1 is a combustion furnace, 2 is a fuel supply line,
21 is its flow rate regulating valve, 3 is its oxygen-containing gas supply line, and 31 is its flow regulating valve, and the fuel and oxygen-containing gas are separated at the same ratio to the amount supplied to the combustion furnace through branched lines 22 and 32, respectively. It is then supplied to the measurement combustor 4 and burned. The residual oxygen content in the combustion exhaust gas is measured by an oxygen analyzer 41, and the data is sent to a computer 5.
control information corresponding to the difference from the set constant value is generated, and is supplied to the oxygen-containing gas flow rate regulating valve 31 for control.
さらに測定用燃焼器４における燃焼ガスの温度
を温度計４２で測定しそのデータをコンピユータ
５にインプツトして所定値との差に応じた制御情
報を発生させそれを燃料調整弁２１に供給してコ
ントロールする。この場合まず燃料供給量の制御
を優先させ、それに応じて酸素含有ガスの制御を
行うことになる。 Furthermore, the temperature of the combustion gas in the measuring combustor 4 is measured with a thermometer 42, the data is input into the computer 5, control information corresponding to the difference from a predetermined value is generated, and the control information is supplied to the fuel adjustment valve 21. control. In this case, first priority is given to controlling the amount of fuel supplied, and the oxygen-containing gas is controlled accordingly.
さらに最終的に被加熱体６の加熱温度を一定に
保つためには、その出口温度を温度計６１で測定
してそのデータもコンピユータ５に供給し測定用
燃焼器の温度計４２からのデータに加えて修正用
情報とて使用すればよい。 Furthermore, in order to finally keep the heating temperature of the heated object 6 constant, the outlet temperature is measured with a thermometer 61, and the data is also supplied to the computer 5, and the data from the measuring combustor thermometer 42 is input. In addition, it can be used as correction information.
（効果）
以上詳述したとおり本発明方法によれば、分流
燃焼排ガスの残存酸素含有率を測定するだけでそ
れに基いて最適の燃焼状態を保つよう燃料組成お
よび燃焼用酸素含有ガス組成のいずれか一方また
は両方が経時的に変動する原料を使用する燃焼炉
の空燃比を調節することができると同時に、分流
燃焼排ガスの温度を測定しそれに応じて燃料供給
量を調節することにより被加熱体の温度を一定に
保つようにすることができる。(Effects) As detailed above, according to the method of the present invention, by simply measuring the residual oxygen content of the divided combustion exhaust gas, either the fuel composition or the combustion oxygen-containing gas composition can be adjusted based on the residual oxygen content to maintain the optimal combustion state. One or both can adjust the air-fuel ratio of combustion furnaces that use raw materials that vary over time, while at the same time measuring the temperature of the diverted flue gas and adjusting the fuel supply accordingly. It is possible to keep the temperature constant.
第１図は本発明の具体的な実施態様を示すモデ
ル図である。
FIG. 1 is a model diagram showing a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (1)
ずれか一方または両方が経時的に変動する原料を
使用する燃焼炉において、燃料および酸素含有ガ
スのそれぞれを燃焼炉への供給量に対し同一比率
で分流し、それらを測定用燃焼器で燃焼させ、そ
の燃焼排ガス中の残存酸素含有率が一定値になる
ように燃焼炉へ供給する燃料と酸素含有ガスとの
比率を調節すると同時に、測定用燃焼器における
燃焼ガスの温度を測定し燃料の発熱量変化を求め
それに基いて燃焼炉への燃料供給量を調節するこ
とよりなる燃焼炉の運転制御方法。 ２ 測定用燃焼器で触媒を使用することよりなる
特許請求の範囲第１項記載の燃焼炉の運転制御方
法。[Scope of Claims] 1. In a combustion furnace that uses raw materials in which either or both of the fuel composition and the oxygen-containing gas composition change over time, the amount of each of the fuel and the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the combustion furnace The same ratio of fuel and oxygen-containing gas is divided into two streams, and they are combusted in a measurement combustor, and the ratio of the fuel supplied to the combustion furnace and the oxygen-containing gas is adjusted so that the residual oxygen content in the combustion exhaust gas is a constant value. At the same time, the combustion furnace operation control method comprises measuring the temperature of the combustion gas in the measuring combustor, determining the change in the calorific value of the fuel, and adjusting the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion furnace based on the change. 2. The method for controlling the operation of a combustion furnace according to claim 1, which comprises using a catalyst in the measurement combustor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3833783A JPS59164821A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1983-03-10 | Air-fuel ratio control of combustion furnace |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3833783A JPS59164821A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1983-03-10 | Air-fuel ratio control of combustion furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59164821A JPS59164821A (en) | 1984-09-18 |
| JPS6315485B2 true JPS6315485B2 (en) | 1988-04-05 |
Family
ID=12522462
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3833783A Granted JPS59164821A (en) | 1983-03-10 | 1983-03-10 | Air-fuel ratio control of combustion furnace |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59164821A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0629667B2 (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1994-04-20 | パロマ工業株式会社 | Gas appliances |
| JPH0629668B2 (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1994-04-20 | パロマ工業株式会社 | Gas appliances |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52122937U (en) * | 1976-03-16 | 1977-09-19 | ||
| JPS56130525A (en) * | 1980-12-01 | 1981-10-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Controlling method for solid waste incinerator |
| JPS6038610B2 (en) * | 1981-04-09 | 1985-09-02 | 株式会社クボタ | Automatic control method for incinerator |
-
1983
- 1983-03-10 JP JP3833783A patent/JPS59164821A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59164821A (en) | 1984-09-18 |
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