JPS6318437B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a single-phase four-pole synchronous motor, and more particularly, a circuit consisting of a commutator, a commutator, and a branched armature coil shortens the start-up period at startup, and When introducing synchronous operation, the commutator and commutator are removed from the circuit, and the circuit is made up of the AC power supply and the entire armature coil, allowing synchronous operation with the minimum necessary power.Single-phase 4-pole Regarding synchronous motors.

The inventor has developed a motor whose mechanism converts between synchronous operation at a steady rotational speed and ramp-up operation until that rotational speed is reached, which is suitable for the load sufficient to reach the rotational speed necessary to introduce synchronous operation. In addition to setting the coil design conditions to generate sufficient torque, in order to maintain synchronous operation, excessive torque will be generated under the setting conditions for startup operation during synchronous operation, leading to power consumption loss. He has invented a motor that can reduce power consumption during synchronous operation by providing a separately wound coil to generate the minimum amount of torque and adding a predetermined winding resistance to limit the current, and has already filed an application. (Japanese Patent Application No. 56-80481 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 57-196860)).

In addition, the inventor further proposed that a single-phase AC synchronous motor consisting of a four-pole permanent magnet outer rotor is driven by a full-wave rectified current at startup until synchronous rotation is obtained, thereby allowing the motor to start up in a short period of time. At the same time, we have invented a motor that can reduce power consumption and have already filed an application.

The purpose of this invention is to reduce power consumption by using a branch coil in a 4-pole synchronous motor and shorten the start-up time by using a full-wave rectified current. and branches into two directions, brushes B1 and B, respectively.
2, a path led out from the other of the power sources and connected to the intermediate portion of the armature coil and connected to the brushes B4 and B3 via segments C1 and C2 of the coil, respectively, and a path around the rotation axis. A commutator is connected via a commutator so that the four slider pieces are +, -, +, - in the circumferential direction while maintaining a rotation angle of 90°, and the commutator is slid at a phase of 90° each. The brushes B arranged in contact with each other
1, B2, B3, B4, and the commutator and commutator parts of the circuit are separated and the armature coil C1,
A switch configuring a power supply short circuit including C2;
The present invention provides a single-phase four-pole synchronous motor characterized by comprising: conversion means for turning on the switch when the rotational speed of the rotor reaches a rotational speed close to that of a synchronous motor.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of this invention, and C1, C2
is the coil segment (generally referred to as C) of the fixed armature.

10 is a commutator, which is arranged around the rotating shaft 12.
Four slider pieces P are arranged in the same arc shape while maintaining a rotation angle of 90°.
1, P2, P3, and P4 (collectively referred to as P), the rotating shaft 1 of a 4-pole permanent magnet rotor, which will be described later.
Rotates integrally with 2.

D1, D2, D3, and D4 are commutators (generally referred to as D), which are provided to rotate together with the commutator 10, and P1→P2, P2←P, respectively.
3, P3→P4, P4←P1, a current flows, and the slider pieces P are connected in the circumferential direction so as to be in a conductive state of +, -, +, -.

B1, B2, B3, and B4 are brushes (generally referred to as B), which are arranged so as to be in sliding contact with the commutator 10 at a phase angle of 90 degrees.

S is a single-phase AC power supply, one end of which is finally connected to the branching point 14 of the coil segments C1, C2, and the other branched off and connected to the brushes B1, B2.

The brush B3 is attached to the free end C2a of the coil C2.
The brushes B4 are respectively connected to the free ends C1a of the coils C1.

In the state shown in FIG. 1, the power supply S, brush B1, slider piece P1, commutator D4, slider piece P4, brush B4, coil segment C1, and branch point 14 (terminal Ta1, switch SW) are connected. Power supply S
Return to circuit and power supply S (switch SW, terminal Ta
1), branch point 14, coil segment C2, brush B3, slider piece P3, commutator D2, slider piece P
2. A circuit that returns to the power supply S via the brush B2 is configured.

Therefore, the rectified current flowing through the circuit alternately flows between the circuits in the positive case and in the negative case, and moreover,
The direction of the current flowing through 2 is the same regardless of whether it is positive or negative, and when viewed as an alternating current source, the full wave excites the fixed armature to the same type of pole via either coil segment C1 or C2. .

Next, if the commutator 10 is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, in the former circuit, the brush B1 will come into sliding contact with the slider piece P2, and the brush B4 will come into sliding contact with the slider piece P1. In the latter circuit, current flows in the direction from brush B4 to B1, and at the same time, in the latter circuit, current flows in the direction from brush B2 to B3, and currents in opposite directions flow in both coil segments C1 and C2.

Thus, as the four-pole permanent magnet rotor rotates through 90 degrees, the current flowing through the coil segments C1 and C2 changes alternately, alternating the type of pole of the fixed armature, so that the rotation of the rotor is always energized. will be done.

By the way, the commutator 10 is pulled in the direction of the rotating shaft 12 as will be described later, and each brush B separates from the slider piece P of the commutator 10.

That is, in FIG. 1, l1, l2, and l3 are the permeability of brushes B1, B2, and B3, respectively, and Ta
3 is a terminal of the brush B4, which supports each brush B in a detached state.

The switch SW is connected to the brush B3 via the insulator 16.
However, when brush B2 becomes detached, switch SW detaches from terminal Ta1 and connects to terminal Ta1.
Contact Ta2.

Terminal Ta3 is connected to power supply S, terminal Ta2 is connected to coil C2
It is connected to the free end C2a of.

Therefore, when the commutator 10 is drawn in, a circuit consisting of the power supply S, terminal Ta3, brush B4, coil segments C1 and C2, terminal Ta2, switch SW, and power supply S is configured, and the coil segments C1 and C2 connected in series are connected in a single circuit. Short circuit with phase AC power supply S,
Commutator 10 and commutator D are removed.

Note that capacitors 18a and 18b are provided in parallel to the coil segments C1 and C2 in the circuit and the circuit, respectively, to match the phase difference between current and voltage and compensate for output loss.

Figure 2 is a broken diagram of a single-phase 4-pole synchronous motor.
Reference numeral 22 denotes a four-pole permanent magnet rotor magnetized in an arc shape, and is provided by a cup 24 so as to rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 12.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a four-pole fixed armature, which is fixed to the bearing 29 of the rotating shaft 12 with a bolt 30.
and the rotor 22.

10 is a commutator, and the slider piece P is the rotating shaft 1.
It is provided in the circumferential direction of the rotary shaft 12 at intervals of 90 degrees, and is loosely fitted into the rotary shaft 12 so as to be able to advance and retreat only in the axial direction, and is urged to the left by a spring 34. The brush B comes into sliding contact with the slider piece P.

Reference numeral 36 denotes a weight, which is housed inside the case 38 and whose inner end engages with a communication part 40 extending from the slider piece P toward the case 38, and which engages with the L-shaped part 42 at the right end of the communication part 40. They are in contact with each other and are provided so as to be rotatable in the direction of the arrow with the portion 36a as the center of rotation.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which the rotational speed of the rotor 22 has reached the speed of synchronous rotation and the weight 36 has opened outward due to centrifugal force.

The weight 36 is set to open outward at a predetermined number of rotations, and when the weight 36 attempts to open around the rotation center 36a, it will come into contact with a vertical wall in the case 38 and then contact a horizontal wall. Move until you
Along with this, the communicator 1
0 resists the pressure of the spring 34 and the fixed armature 2
It will be pulled to the 8th side (right side). Communicator 10
When thrust in the axial direction, the brush B that was in sliding contact with the slider piece P remains in the same position and faces the stepped portion 46 of the commutator 10 without contacting it.

FIG. 4 shows commutator 110, which is another equivalent embodiment of commutator 10 shown in FIG.

PP1, PP2, PP3, and PP4 are slider pieces, each of which connects the commutator DD1-→,
They are contacted via DD2-→, DD3-→, DD4-→,
The slider pieces are connected in the circumferential direction so as to be in a conductive state of +, -, +, -.

BB1, BB2, BB3, and BB4 are brushes that are in sliding contact with slider pieces PP1, PP2, PP3, and PP4, respectively.

Since the single-phase 4-pole synchronous motor according to the present invention is configured as described above, during start-up operation, current flows only through either one of the coil segments C1 or C2. A larger current flows than when electricity is applied, a larger torque is generated than during synchronous operation, and the rotation is energized to a rotation speed close to the rotation speed during synchronous operation.

When the rotation of the rotor 22 reaches near synchronous operation,
Since the commutator 10 is detached from the brush B,
There is no contact load between the commutator 10 and the brush B, there is no wear on the brush B, and the coil segments C1 and C2 connected in series are directly short-circuited to the single-phase AC power supply S, so it is driven as a synchronous motor. In this case, the current flowing through coil segment C is smaller than when it flows alternately through each segment C1 or C2, and coil segments C1 and C2 are controlled so as to generate the limit torque necessary for synchronous operation commensurate with the load. Setting this will help reduce power consumption.

Since this motor is supplied with full-wave alternating current without waste during startup, the startup time is fast, and there is no contact load between brush B and slider piece P during synchronous operation.
Since the current flowing through the coil is reduced, it has outstanding effects such as extremely high energy efficiency.

Although the present invention has been variously explained above with reference to preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and it goes without saying that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of a single-phase, four-pole synchronous motor according to the present invention, FIG. 1 shows its principle circuit diagram, FIG. 2 is a cutaway cross-sectional view of the motor, and FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the commutator 10. C1, C2... Coil segment, 10... Commutator, P... Slider piece, D... Commutator, B
... Brush, S ... Power supply, 12 ... Rotating shaft, 14
...Branch point, Ta1, Ta2, Ta3...Terminal, SW
...Switch, 16...Insulator, l...Percentage,
18a, 18b... Capacitor, 22... Permanent magnet rotor, 24... Cup, 28... Fixed armature, 29... Bearing, 30... Bolt, 34... Spring, 36... Weight, 38... case, 40
... Liaison department.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A path led out from one side of the single-phase AC power source and branched into two directions and connected to brushes B1 and B2, respectively, and a path led out from the other side of the power source and connected to an intermediate portion of the armature coil. , brushes B4 and B3 via segments C1 and C2 of said coil, respectively.
It is divided into four slider pieces keeping a rotation angle of 90° around the rotation axis, and these slider pieces are arranged so that they are +, -, +, - in the circumferential direction. The commutator is connected through a commutator, and the brushes B1, B2, B3, and B4 are arranged in sliding contact with the commutator at a phase angle of 90°.The commutator and commutator parts of the circuit are separated and the armature coil C1, A single-phase 4-wheel drive system characterized by comprising: a switch constituting a power supply short-circuit circuit including C2; and a conversion means that turns on the switch when the rotational speed of the rotor reaches around the rotational speed of a synchronous motor. Polar synchronous motor.