JPS6321509B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a personal dialysis device in an artificial kidney device. As dialysis machines, there are known dialysis machines for multiple people and individual dialysis machines that combine a dialysate supply device for multiple people and a patient monitoring device. A personal dialysis device combines the functions of a dialysate supply device and a patient monitoring device. Furthermore, there are two types of dialysate supply devices: pump metering systems and batch metering systems, but all personal dialysis machines employ the pump metering system. Conventionally, in the pump metering method, a method has been widely used in which a pump is driven by water drive, that is, water pressure, and a dialysate is prepared by measuring and diluting and mixing dilution water and a dialysate stock solution, respectively. For example, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the basic configuration of a conventional personal dialysis machine, and shows a water supply pipe 10 and its metering pump 14, a dialysate stock solution supply pipe 12 and its metering pump 16, and the water and dialysis equipment. A mixing tank 18 for mixing the liquid stock solution and a dialysate supply pipe 2
0, the dialyzer 22, the dialysate outlet pipe 24, and the dialysate pump 26 (M in the figure indicates the drive motor)
and a dialysate drain pipe 28 are connected in sequence. That is, dilution water supplied under water pressure from the water supply pipe 10 is metered and discharged by the water pump 14. on the other hand,
The dialysate stock solution supplied from the dialysate stock solution supply pipe 12 is measured and discharged by the supply dialysate stock pump 16. The measured dilution water and dialysate stock solution are diluted and mixed at a constant dilution ratio in a mixing tank 18, and then supplied to a dialyzer 22 via a dialysate supply pipe 20. The used dialysate from the dialyzer 22 is sent to the dialysate outlet pipe 2.
4. Dialysate discharge pipe 2 via dialysate pump 26
The liquid is drained by 8. In contrast, new patient monitoring devices or personal dialysis machines are increasingly required to have water removal controllers (hereinafter referred to as UFR controllers) in order to control the amount of water removed. Here, it is said that it is most preferable to use a metering pump as the UFR controller in terms of accuracy. As is clear from the above, when developing a new personal dialysis device, the issues that arise when combining the functions of a dialysate supply device and a UFR controller with a patient monitoring device are: (1) A metering pump that measures dilution water and dialysate stock solution for preparing dialysate, and UFR.
A reciprocating metering pump is required for control, making it difficult to downsize the device and matching the flow rates of the dialysate preparation metering pump and the reciprocating metering pump for UFR control, as well as increasing costs and complicating operations. (2) Since the metering pumps for the dilution water and the dialysate stock solution are water-driven, that is, hydraulically driven, there is a problem in making the device smaller and faster. Based on the conventional dialysis machine mentioned above,
When the UFR controller, that is, the reciprocating metering pump A or A, A', and the water removal pump B are combined, it can be configured as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. Figure 2 shows a personal dialysis machine using one reciprocating metering pump, and Figure 3 shows a personal dialysis machine using two reciprocating metering pumps.
The difference between one or two reciprocating metering pumps is determined by whether the dialysate flow is intermittent or continuous. Here, regarding the reciprocating metering pump, it is already known to those skilled in the art that the flow rates of each of the pumps for supplying and discharging liquid are the same, and the specific configuration thereof is already known to those skilled in the art. To explain the personal dialysis apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, in the dialysis apparatus shown in FIG. A liquid section K and a drain section H are respectively disposed, and a dialyzer 22 is disposed between the outlet of the liquid supply section K and the inlet of the drain section H of the reciprocating metering pump, and the dialyzer 22 and the reciprocating section A water removal pump B is disposed between the inlet of the drainage section H of the metering pump, and a bubble separator 30 is further provided immediately after the dialysate pump 26. That is, the dilution water and the dialysate stock solution supplied by water pressure from the water supply pipe 10 and the dialysate stock solution supply pipe 12 are metered by the water pump 14 and the dialysate stock pump 16, respectively, and diluted and mixed in the mixing tank 18. Cylinder A ₁
and a reciprocating metering pump A consisting of _two pistons A
The fluid is supplied to the fluid supply section K [in the case of FIG. 2] or a combination of two reciprocating metering pumps A and A' [in the case of FIG. It is sent to the container 22. The used dialysate from the dialyzer 22 passes through the dialyzer outlet pipe 24 and the dialysate pump 26, and after bubbles are separated by the bubble separator 30, it passes through the bubble separator outlet pipe 32 to the reciprocating metering pump A. Alternatively, the dialysate is introduced into the drain section H of A, A', measured, and drained through the dialysate drain pipe 28. Furthermore, water removal control is performed by providing a water removal pump B in the bubble separator outlet pipe 32 in the circuit between the dialyzer 22 and the inlet of the drain section H of the reciprocating metering pump. That is, a negative pressure corresponding to the amount of water removed is applied to the dialyzer 22, and the amount of water removed is ultrafiltrated from the dialyzer 22. Reference number 34,3
6, 38, and 40 are valves and relief valves on the liquid supply side and liquid discharge side of the reciprocating metering pump A or A, A', respectively. Further, in the case of FIG. 3 using two reciprocating metering pumps A and A', switching between the liquid supply section K and the liquid discharge section H can be performed by three-way solenoid valves 42 and 44. In the personal dialysis apparatus shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 described above, as is clear from its configuration, the dilution water and the dialysate stock solution are separately measured by the water pump 14 and the dialysate stock solution pump 16, and the dialysate stock solution is prepared in this way. The dialysate is further metered by reciprocating metering pumps A or A, A', and each of these metering pumps is operated independently. For this reason, since the driving of the water pump 14 and the stock pump 16 determines the dialysate concentration, and the driving of the reciprocating metering pump determines the dialysate flow rate, these pumps are connected to each other at a predetermined ratio. have to drive.
Therefore, in order to keep the dialysate concentration constant, high precision is required for means for appropriately controlling the operation of each of the pumps. Further, when the dialysate flow rate is made variable or the dialysate concentration is changed, setting the ratios of the respective pumps becomes complicated, which makes it difficult to perform a stable dialysis operation. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a metering pump only to the dialysate stock solution supply system without installing a metering pump in the water supply system, and to separate the unmetered dilution water supplied by water pressure and the dialysis water metered by the metering pump. By diluting and mixing the dialysate with the stock solution and measuring the dialysate with a reciprocating metering pump, it is possible to easily and stably set the pump operation ratio and change the dialysate concentration. Our goal is to provide a personal dialysis device with excellent control performance. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a water supply system, a dialysate stock solution supply system, and a mixing tank for mixing the water supplied by the water supply system and the dialysate stock solution supplied by the dialysate stock solution supply system. a fluid supply system consisting of; a fluid supply chamber of one or two reciprocating metering pumps whose pistons are reciprocated by a motor between the fluid supply chamber and the drainage chamber; a dialysate supply pipe; a dialysate pump, a drainage chamber of the reciprocating metering pump, and a dialysate drainage system, and a dialysate pump, a dialysate pump, a drainage chamber of the reciprocating metering pump, and a dialysate drainage system are connected in sequence, and between the dialysate pump and the drainage chamber of the reciprocating metering pump. In a dialysis apparatus for an artificial kidney in which a water removal pump is arranged, the water supply system is directly connected to the mixing tank without providing a metering pump, while a metering pump is provided only in the dialysate raw solution supply system. This is connected to the mixing tank, and the unmetered dilution water supplied by water pressure and the dialysate stock solution measured by the metering pump are diluted and mixed in the mixing tank to form a dialysate of a predetermined concentration. When the dialysate is introduced into the fluid supply chamber of the reciprocating metering pump, the reciprocating metering pump and the metering pump are interlocked at a constant ratio via a control system so that the dialysate flow reaches a predetermined flow rate, and the control system is composed of a control circuit that detects the motor rotation speed of the reciprocating metering pump and generates an electric signal in accordance with the motor rotation speed, and a ratio setting device consisting of a ratio setting circuit,
The motor rotation speed of the metering pump is controlled by the electric signal via the ratio setting device to obtain the constant ratio of motion between the reciprocating metering pump and the metering pump. The dialysis apparatus described above can be configured to dilute and mix the unmetered dilution water supplied under hydraulic pressure with the bicarbonate stock solution and the dialysate stock solution, which are each metered by independent metering pumps. In addition, the unmetered dilution water supplied by water pressure is diluted and mixed with the dialysate stock solution or the dialysate stock solution and bicarbonate stock solution each measured with a metering pump to form a dialysate, which is then added to the dialysate with another metering pump. It can be configured to inject other liquids containing metered electrolyte ions. Furthermore, it is preferable to use reciprocating metering pumps as the water removal pump and each metering pump. Next, embodiments of the dialysis apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the personal dialysis device according to the present invention, with Figure 4 showing a case where one reciprocating metering pump is used, and Figure 5 showing a case where a single reciprocating metering pump is used. The case where two pieces are used is shown. For convenience of explanation, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. In the personal dialysis device of the present invention, the metering pump in the water supply system is omitted, and the metering pump is installed only in the dialysate supply system, and this metering pump and the reciprocating metering pump A or A, A' are linked at a fixed ratio. Configure it to do so. In FIGS. 4 and 5, unmetered dilution water supplied by water pressure from the water supply pipe 10 and dialysate stock solution measured by a metering pump C from the dialysate stock solution supply pipe 12 are diluted in a mixing tank 18. After mixing, the mixture is introduced into the liquid supply section K of the reciprocating metering pump A or A, A', metered, and supplied to the dialyzer 22 via the dialysate supply pipe 20. The used dialysate from the dialyzer 22 passes through the dialysate outlet pipe 24 and the dialysate pump 26, and after bubbles are separated by the bubble separator 30, it is reciprocated and measured via the bubble separator outlet pipe 32. Pump A
Or it is introduced into the drainage part H of A, A' and measured,
It is drained by a dialysate drain tube 28. Liquid supply part K and liquid discharge part H of reciprocating metering pump A or A, A'
When a water removal pump B is provided in the closed circuit formed by the above and performs a specified amount of water removal, the closed circuit applies a negative pressure corresponding to the amount of water removed to the dialyzer 22, and the amount of water removed is transferred to the dialyzer 22. 22. Reference numbers 34, 36 and 38, 40 are valves and relief valves on the supply side and drain side of the reciprocating metering pump A or A, A', respectively. In addition, in the case of FIG. 5, which includes two reciprocating metering pumps A and A',
Three-way solenoid valves 42 and 44 are provided to switch between the liquid supply section K and the liquid discharge section H. Of course, a two-way solenoid valve may be used in combination. In the present invention, the dialysate flow rate is determined by a reciprocating metering pump A or A, A', which is driven by a motor M. Therefore, it is necessary to control the injection amount of the metering pump C by interlocking the reciprocating metering pump A or A, A' at a constant ratio with reference to the electrical signal or flow rate signal of the rotational speed of the reciprocating metering pump A or A, A'. FIG. 6 shows a block circuit diagram of a control system for each metering pump of the dialysis apparatus according to the present invention. in this case,
Control circuit 5 for reciprocating metering pump A or A, A'
By the electric signal of the motor rotation speed detected at 0,
The motors of metering pumps C, D, and E are driven through ratio setting devices 52 each comprising a ratio setting circuit, and each of these metering pumps is configured to obtain a required injection amount. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, in a dialysis machine using one reciprocating metering pump A, the dialysate flows intermittently, and in this case, the waste removal rate (hereinafter simply referred to as removal rate) in the dialyzer is It is related to the frequency of intermittent flow, ie the number of strokes of the reciprocating metering pump. According to the inventors' study, the number of strokes of a reciprocating metering pump that does not reduce the removal rate is
It was confirmed that a rate of 20 times/min or more is preferable.
As is clear from these facts, it is impossible to achieve a pump stroke rate of 2 strokes per minute or more with water drive, and it is difficult to achieve the objective with water drive in the system using the reciprocating metering pump of the present invention. In addition,
If you want to eliminate the intermittent flow of dialysate, you can obtain a continuous flow by using two reciprocating metering pumps, as shown in Figure 5, but water-driven systems are not practical. Moreover, it is difficult to realize. For the above reasons, motor drive is adopted in the present invention. FIG. 7 shows the acetate dialysis shown in FIG.
2 illustrates a bicarbonate dialysis device that dilutes and mixes unmetered dilution water with metered bicarbonate stock solution and dialysate stock solution using metering pumps D and C. Moreover, FIG. 8 illustrates a method of injecting into the bicarbonate solution of FIG. 7 another liquid containing electrolyte ions measured by a metering pump E. For example, an aqueous sodium chloride solution (usually 10 w/v %), including so-called high-sodium dialysis machines. In FIGS. 7 and 8, the order of the metering pumps D and C may be reversed to the order of C and D. According to the studies conducted by the present inventors so far, it has been found that it is most preferable for the metering pumps C, D, E and the water removal pump B to be reciprocating pumps in terms of accuracy, miniaturization, etc. Although an example in which one reciprocating metering pump is used is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, it is of course possible to use two reciprocating metering pumps. Furthermore, although FIG. 8 shows the case of bicarbonate dialysis, it goes without saying that this can also be used for the acetate dialysis shown in FIG. The present invention will be explained below with reference to usage examples. Although the case where there is one reciprocating metering pump A according to FIG. 8 will be explained, the case where there are two reciprocating metering pumps A is exactly the same. Reciprocating metering pumps were used as metering pumps C, D, and E, and high sodium dialysis was performed by injecting an aqueous sodium chloride solution (10 w/v%) into the bicarbonate dialysate. In high-sodium dialysis, the sodium concentration is 155mg/for the first 4 hours and 135mg/for the remaining hour in 5-hour dialysis.
Metering pump E was set so that The injection volumes of the bicarbonate stock solution and dialysate stock solution were as specified by the pharmaceutical manufacturer.
Metering pumps C and D were set so that PH = 7.2 and HCO ₃ ^- = 25 mg/. The number of pump strokes of the reciprocating metering pump A at this time was 30 times/min. Further, the reciprocating metering pump A and the metering pumps C, D, and E were connected by a control system shown in FIG. 6, and were operated in a constant ratio. Furthermore, a reciprocating metering pump was used as water removal pump B, and was set to obtain a water removal rate of 0.6/hour. The blood volume was adjusted to 200 ml/min, and dialysis was performed for 5 hours using a 1.1 m ² hollow fiber type dialyzer 22 at a dialysate flow rate of 500 ml/min. The removal rate results are shown in Table 1 below.

[Table] Furthermore, the difference between the final removal rate and the actual weight loss (before dialysis - after dialysis) was +200 g. Thus, according to the dialysis apparatus according to the present invention,
While the removal rate was the same as that of conventional dialysis equipment, extremely good results were obtained in terms of water removal control. In addition, in the dialysis apparatus according to the present invention, when changing the dialysate concentration while keeping the dialysate flow rate constant, the concentration can be easily and appropriately adjusted by simply adjusting the injection amount of the metering pump of the dialysate stock solution supply system. be able to. For example, with a reciprocating metering pump, 100ml/
If dialysate is being supplied at a flow rate of
Just adjust it to ml/min. On the other hand, when changing the dialysis concentration as described above using the configuration shown in FIG. 3, for example, the flow rate of the metering pump in the water supply system is changed.
If the dialysate concentration is 90 ml/min, the flow rate of the metering pump in the dialysate stock solution supply system must be adjusted from 10 ml/min to 22.5 ml/min in order to reach the desired concentration. In order to increase more,
In order to properly feed the liquid and adjust the concentration, the flow rate of the metering pump in the water supply system must also be adjusted, which is a hassle. As is clear from the embodiments described above, according to the present invention, when a reciprocating metering pump is used as a controller for the amount of water removed, the metering pump of the water supply system is omitted and only the metering pump of the dialysate stock solution supply system is used. This not only makes it possible to downsize the device, but also makes it easier to control each pump.
Furthermore, it has many excellent advantages such as being able to easily and accurately adjust and change the concentration when preparing a dialysate. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it goes without saying that various design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a system diagram of a conventional personal dialysis machine;
Figures 3 and 3 show a personal dialysis device and a UFR controller, i.e., a reciprocating metering pump A or A,
FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are system diagrams each showing an example of the configuration of a dialysis device combining A' and water removal pump B, FIG. 4 and FIG. is a system diagram of the control system of each metering pump applied to the dialysis device of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a system diagram of a dialysis device using bicarbonate dialysate, and FIG. FIG. 1 is a system diagram of a dialysis machine using dialysate infused with other fluids including electrolytes. 10... Water supply pipe, 12... Dialysate stock solution supply pipe,
14... Water pump, 16... Dialysate stock pump,
18... Mixing tank, 20... Dialysate supply pipe, 22...
... Dialyzer, 24 ... Dialysate outlet pipe, 26 ... Dialysate pump, 28 ... Dialysate drain pipe, 30 ... Air bubble separator, 32 ... Air bubble separator outlet pipe, 34, 36
... Valve, 38, 40 ... Relief valve, 42,
44... Three-way solenoid valve, 50... Control circuit, 52...
...Ratio setter, A, A'...Reciprocating metering pump,
_A1 ...Cylinder, _A2 ...Piston, K...Liquid supply section, H...Drainage section, B...Water removal pump, C, D,
E...metering pump, M...drive motor.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A fluid supply system consisting of a water supply system, a dialysate stock solution supply system, and a mixing tank for mixing the water supplied by the water supply system and the dialysate stock solution supplied by the dialysate stock solution supply system. , the fluid supply chamber of one or two reciprocating metering pumps whose pistons are reciprocated by a motor between the fluid supply chamber and the drainage chamber, a dialysate supply pipe, a dialyzer, and a dialysate pump. and a drainage chamber of the reciprocating metering pump and a dialysate drainage system are connected in sequence, and a water removal pump is disposed between the dialysate pump and the drainage chamber of the reciprocating metering pump. In the dialysis apparatus for an artificial kidney, the water supply system is not provided with a metering pump and is directly connected to the mixing tank, while the dialysate stock supply system is provided with a metering pump and is connected to the mixing tank. The unmetered dilution water supplied by water pressure and the dialysate stock solution measured by the metering pump are diluted and mixed in the mixing tank to form a dialysate of a predetermined concentration, and this dialysate is transferred to the reciprocating pump. When the dialysate is introduced into the fluid supply chamber of the metering pump, the reciprocating metering pump and the metering pump are linked at a constant ratio via a control system to make the dialysate flow at a predetermined flow rate, and the control system controls the reciprocating metering pump. It consists of a control circuit that detects the motor rotation speed and generates an electric signal in accordance with the detected motor rotation speed, and a ratio setting device consisting of a ratio setting circuit.
An artificial kidney characterized in that the motor rotation speed of the metering pump is controlled by the electric signal via the ratio setting device to obtain the constant ratio of movement between the reciprocating metering pump and the metering pump. dialysis equipment. 2 unmetered dilution water supplied by hydraulic pressure;
The dialysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bicarbonate stock solution and a dialysate stock solution are diluted and mixed, each of which is measured by an independent metering pump. 3 Dilute and mix the unmetered dilution water supplied by water pressure with the dialysate stock solution or dialysate stock solution and bicarbonate stock solution each measured with a metering pump to form a dialysate, which is then metered with another metering pump. The dialysis apparatus according to claim 1, wherein another liquid containing electrolyte ions is injected. 4. The dialysis apparatus according to claim 1, which uses reciprocating pumps as the water removal pump and each metering pump.