JPS632198B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS632198B2 JPS632198B2 JP55156517A JP15651780A JPS632198B2 JP S632198 B2 JPS632198 B2 JP S632198B2 JP 55156517 A JP55156517 A JP 55156517A JP 15651780 A JP15651780 A JP 15651780A JP S632198 B2 JPS632198 B2 JP S632198B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- piezoelectric sheet
- piezoelectric
- sheet
- transducer
- acoustic impedance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は可撓性の高分子圧電材料又は、高分子
材料と圧電磁器材料の微粉末から成る複合物圧電
材料のシート（以下、両シートを単に圧電シート
と呼ぶ）を用いた送受波器に関する。Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention provides a flexible polymeric piezoelectric material or a composite piezoelectric material sheet (hereinafter both sheets are simply referred to as a piezoelectric sheet) consisting of a fine powder of a polymeric material and a piezoelectric ceramic material. This article relates to a transducer using a transducer.
従来、この種の送受波器には、圧電磁器形又は
磁歪形の振動子が用いられているが、これらの振
動子は音響インピーダンス密度が使用する水等の
音響インピーダンス密度と著しく異なる事から受
波音を反射し易く、かつ重量も重い。又、所要の
形状に成形する為に、焼結、研磨、切削等の工程
を要し、成形後も、ぜい性の大きい圧電磁器形で
は衝撃により割れが生じて使用不可能となるなど
素材の物性上避けられない欠点が有つた。例えば
圧電磁器形振動子の音響インピーダンス密度と水
のそれとの比は15以上となり受波器として上記振
動子を用いた場合音の強さの反射率は80％強とな
る事があげられる。 Conventionally, piezoelectric ceramic or magnetostrictive resonators have been used in this type of transducer, but these resonators have poor reception because their acoustic impedance density is significantly different from that of water, etc. It easily reflects wave sound and is heavy. In addition, processes such as sintering, polishing, and cutting are required to form the desired shape, and even after forming, piezoelectric ceramics are highly brittle and may crack due to impact, making them unusable. There were unavoidable drawbacks due to its physical properties. For example, the ratio of the acoustic impedance density of a piezoelectric ceramic vibrator to that of water is 15 or more, and when the above-mentioned vibrator is used as a wave receiver, the reflectance of sound intensity is over 80%.
本発明の目的は、送受波器の振動子に圧電シー
トを用いる事により、水等の媒質との間に生じる
音響インピーダンス密度不整合に起因する音の反
射を除去するとともに、一枚の圧電シートを絶縁
体を介して巻くことにより小型化で出来、又組立
が簡単化でき、かつ重量軽減が図れる有利な送受
波器を提供するものである。 The purpose of the present invention is to use a piezoelectric sheet as the transducer of a transducer to eliminate sound reflection caused by acoustic impedance density mismatch between the transducer and a medium such as water. The present invention provides an advantageous transducer which can be made smaller by winding the material with an insulator interposed therebetween, and which can be easily assembled and lightened in weight.
かかる目的を達成する為に、本発明の送受波器
は、両面に電極を有し、少なくとも片側の電極上
に絶縁体が設けられた圧電シートが巻かれて成形
されると共にその端面又は全外面が使用する媒質
の音響インピーダンス密度に近い音響インピーダ
ンス密度を有する絶縁材料で水密に覆われて成る
ことを特徴とするものである。 In order to achieve such an object, the transducer of the present invention has electrodes on both sides, and a piezoelectric sheet with an insulator provided on at least one electrode is wound and molded, and the end face or entire outer surface of the piezoelectric sheet is wound and molded. It is characterized by being watertightly covered with an insulating material having an acoustic impedance density close to that of the medium used.
次に本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説
明する。なお、圧電シートは音響から電気への変
換だけでなく電気から音響への変換も可能であ
り、いわゆる可逆性を有するが以下音響から電気
への変換の場合で説明する。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the piezoelectric sheet is capable of converting not only sound to electricity but also electricity to sound, and has so-called reversibility; however, the case of conversion from sound to electricity will be explained below.
第１図は本発明の第１の実施例の成形状態を説
明する為の図でＡは圧電シート１と絶縁体２を筒
状に成形する前の図で、電極３，４及び電気端子
３′，４′を有する。Ｂは筒状に成形した場合の斜
形図である。 FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the molding state of the first embodiment of the present invention, and A is a diagram before the piezoelectric sheet 1 and the insulator 2 are molded into a cylindrical shape, and the electrodes 3, 4 and the electric terminal 3 are ',4'. B is a perspective view when molded into a cylindrical shape.
第２図は本発明の他の実施例の成形状態を説明
する為の図でＡとＣは圧電シート１を筒状に成形
する前の図である。ＢはＡに示すシートを筒状に
巻くことによつて成形できる凹形送受波器の側面
図、ＤはＣに示すシートを筒状に巻くことによつ
て成形できる凸形送受波器の側面図である。また
圧電シートの両端面を凹形又は凸形にして、これ
を筒形に巻くことによつて両端凹形および凸形送
受波器も作成できることは明らかである。 FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the molding state of another embodiment of the present invention, and A and C are diagrams before the piezoelectric sheet 1 is molded into a cylindrical shape. B is a side view of a concave transducer that can be formed by winding the sheet shown in A into a cylindrical shape, and D is a side view of a convex transducer that can be formed by winding the sheet shown in C into a cylindrical shape. It is a diagram. It is also clear that by making both ends of the piezoelectric sheet concave or convex and winding it into a cylindrical shape, a transducer with concave and convex ends can also be produced.
第３図は第１図で示した筒状に成形した圧電シ
ートを使用する媒質の音響インピーダンス密度に
近い音響インピーダンス密度を有する絶縁材料５
で気泡や空気層が残らない様に水密に覆つた様子
を示す構造図であり、第２図に示した他の実施例
についても同様の水密構造をとる。 Figure 3 shows an insulating material 5 having an acoustic impedance density close to the acoustic impedance density of the medium using the piezoelectric sheet formed into a cylindrical shape shown in Figure 1.
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram showing how the device is covered watertightly so that no bubbles or air layers remain. The other embodiments shown in FIG. 2 also have a similar watertight structure.
次に作動の原理を第１の実施例を用いて説明す
る。圧電シートの音響インピーダンス密度〔1.6
×105〜2.3×105（gr／cm2Ｓ）〕は水のそれ〔1.5×
105（gr／cm2ｓ）〕と非常に近似している。従つて
到来する音は、ほとんど反射することなく圧電シ
ートの中に入射する。いま第４図Ｂの筒状圧電シ
ートの軸方向から入射した音のある時点の音圧分
布がＡの状態にあるとする。但しｘは軸方向の位
置、ｐは音圧である。いま筒状圧電シートの長さ
をｌとすると、圧電シート内の圧力差はPlとな
る。この圧力差により、圧電シートは軸方向に圧
縮または伸張されるため、圧電シートの各部分に
は圧縮力又は伸張力に比例した電圧が生じること
になり、この部分で生じた電圧が合成されて圧力
差に比例した電圧として電気端子３′，４′間に生
じることがわかる。なお上記圧電シートは筒状に
巻いたものについて記述したが、圧電した内に生
じる圧力差によつて作動する原理から、筒状以外
でも成り立つことは明らかである。 Next, the principle of operation will be explained using a first embodiment. Acoustic impedance density of piezoelectric sheet [1.6
×10 5 ~2.3 × 10 5 (gr/cm 2 S)] is that of water [1.5 ×
10 5 (gr/cm 2 s)], which is very similar. Incoming sound therefore enters the piezoelectric sheet with almost no reflection. Assume that the sound pressure distribution at a certain point in time of a sound incident from the axial direction of the cylindrical piezoelectric sheet shown in FIG. 4B is in state A. However, x is the position in the axial direction, and p is the sound pressure. Assuming that the length of the cylindrical piezoelectric sheet is l, the pressure difference within the piezoelectric sheet is Pl . Due to this pressure difference, the piezoelectric sheet is compressed or stretched in the axial direction, so a voltage proportional to the compression or expansion force is generated in each part of the piezoelectric sheet, and the voltages generated in these parts are combined. It can be seen that a voltage proportional to the pressure difference is generated between the electrical terminals 3' and 4'. Although the above-mentioned piezoelectric sheet has been described as being wound into a cylindrical shape, it is clear that the piezoelectric sheet can be formed in other than a cylindrical shape based on the principle that the piezoelectric sheet operates due to the pressure difference generated within the piezoelectric region.
以上は全外面が水中に接する構造のものを説明
したが、端面以外の全面又は一部を音響的に遮断
する構造であつてもよい。 Although the structure in which the entire outer surface is in contact with water has been described above, the structure may be such that the entire surface or a portion of the surface other than the end surface is acoustically shielded.
また、筒状圧電シートは一本である必要はな
く、この端面をそろえて並列に配列したものを電
気的に直列又は並列に接続してもよく、さらに筒
状圧電シートの直径も同一である必要はなく、圧
電シートの巻数を増減した異径の筒状圧電シート
が複数本で構成されているものであつてもよい。 Further, the cylindrical piezoelectric sheet does not need to be one piece, and those arranged in parallel with their end faces aligned may be electrically connected in series or parallel, and the diameters of the cylindrical piezoelectric sheets are also the same. It is not necessary, and the piezoelectric sheet may be composed of a plurality of cylindrical piezoelectric sheets having different diameters, each having an increased or decreased number of turns.
以上の様に本発明は所望の長さ及び形に圧電シ
ートを切断し、筒状に成形するか、又はすでに筒
状に成形されている圧電シートを所望の長さ及び
形に切断、加工し、全外面のうち少なくともその
両端面を使用する媒質の音響インピーダンス密度
に近い音響インピーダンス密度を有する絶縁材料
で水密に覆う事によつて簡単に製作することがで
き、その構造から言つて外水圧に充分耐え、かつ
従来の振動子に比べて重量も軽く、音の反射の少
ない低損失の送受波器が得られる。 As described above, the present invention involves cutting a piezoelectric sheet into a desired length and shape and forming it into a cylinder, or cutting and processing a piezoelectric sheet that has already been formed into a cylinder into a desired length and shape. , can be easily manufactured by covering at least both end surfaces of the entire outer surface watertightly with an insulating material having an acoustic impedance density close to that of the medium used, and its structure makes it impervious to external water pressure. A transducer with sufficient durability, lighter weight than conventional vibrators, and low loss with little sound reflection can be obtained.
第１図は本発明の第１の実施例の成形状態を説
明する為の図で、Ａは圧電シートと絶縁体の様子
を示した図、Ｂはそれを筒状に成形したときの説
明図、第２図は本発明の第二の実施例の成形状態
を説明する為の図で、ＡとＣは圧電シートと絶縁
体の様子を示した図、ＢはＡに示すシートを筒状
凹形に成形したときの側面図、ＤはＣに示すシー
トを筒状凸形に成形したときの側面図、第３図は
第１図に示す筒状圧電シートの外面を絶縁材料で
覆つた様子を示す構造図、第４図は本発明の作動
原理説明図で、Ａは軸方向から垂直入射した音の
ある時点での筒状圧電シート内の音圧分布図、Ｂ
は軸方向に中心を通る面で切断した断面図であ
る。
１……圧電シート、２……絶縁体、３，４……
電極、３′，４′……電気端子、５……外装絶縁
体。
Figure 1 is a diagram for explaining the molding state of the first embodiment of the present invention, where A is a diagram showing the state of the piezoelectric sheet and the insulator, and B is an explanatory diagram when it is molded into a cylindrical shape. , FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the molding state of the second embodiment of the present invention, A and C are diagrams showing the state of the piezoelectric sheet and the insulator, and B is a diagram showing the sheet shown in A in a cylindrical concave shape. D is a side view when the sheet shown in C is molded into a cylindrical convex shape; FIG. 3 is a side view of the cylindrical piezoelectric sheet shown in FIG. 1 with its outer surface covered with an insulating material. Fig. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the operating principle of the present invention, A is a sound pressure distribution diagram in the cylindrical piezoelectric sheet at a certain point of sound vertically incident from the axial direction, and B
is a sectional view taken along a plane passing through the center in the axial direction. 1... Piezoelectric sheet, 2... Insulator, 3, 4...
Electrode, 3', 4'...Electric terminal, 5...Exterior insulator.
Claims (1)
に絶縁体が設けられた高分子圧電材料又は高分子
材料と圧電磁器材料の微粉末から成る複合物圧電
材料のシートが巻かれて成形されると共に、全外
面のうち少なくとも両端面が使用する媒質の音響
インピーダンス密度に近い音響インピーダンス密
度を有する絶縁材料で水密に覆われて成ることを
特徴とする送受波器。1. A sheet of a polymeric piezoelectric material having electrodes on both sides and an insulator provided on at least one electrode or a composite piezoelectric material made of fine powder of a polymeric material and a piezoelectric ceramic material is rolled and formed. A transducer characterized in that at least both end faces of the entire outer surface are watertightly covered with an insulating material having an acoustic impedance density close to the acoustic impedance density of the medium used.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15651780A JPS5780899A (en) | 1980-11-07 | 1980-11-07 | Transmitter and receiver |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15651780A JPS5780899A (en) | 1980-11-07 | 1980-11-07 | Transmitter and receiver |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5780899A JPS5780899A (en) | 1982-05-20 |
| JPS632198B2 true JPS632198B2 (en) | 1988-01-18 |
Family
ID=15629505
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15651780A Granted JPS5780899A (en) | 1980-11-07 | 1980-11-07 | Transmitter and receiver |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5780899A (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5542474A (en) * | 1978-09-21 | 1980-03-25 | Nec Corp | Polymer piezoelectric vibrator and its manufacture |
-
1980
- 1980-11-07 JP JP15651780A patent/JPS5780899A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5780899A (en) | 1982-05-20 |
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