JPS6325804B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an ultra-overdose control device, and relates to a device that can be effectively used, for example, as an artificial kidney device. To explain the application to an artificial kidney as an example, in detail, it removes a large amount of water from the blood from a dialyzer or filter (hereinafter collectively referred to as a dialyzer) installed in the blood circuit through an ultrafiltration membrane. This invention relates to a device for injecting infusion fluid into the blood.

In conventional dialysis methods, a liquid to be treated, such as blood, is brought into contact with a dialysate via an ultrafiltration membrane, and uremic toxin components in the blood are removed by diffusion to the dialysate. However, although this method has no problem in removing substances such as urea with a small molecular weight, the removal efficiency of substances with a relatively large molecular weight is low, and in order to improve this,
Treatments for hyperplasia have been proposed. In this method, a large amount of water in the blood is removed through a membrane, and a commensurate amount of fluid is returned to the body, and medium-molecular substances are removed along with this time-limited filtrate.

Since this method removes a large amount of water from the blood, it can be life-threatening unless the amount of water injected into the blood is adjusted accurately. That is, assuming that the amount of excess water in the body fluid is A and the amount of fluid removed from the blood is B, the injection amount C must be the following value.

C=B-A (1) The present invention provides a simple and accurate fluid separation device, and particularly aims to provide a device that can be usefully used as a treatment device for hypertype or dialysis type artificial kidneys. A dialyzer that divides the liquid to be treated, for example, a blood side and a liquid side, through an ultrafiltration membrane, a pump that discharges the liquid out of the system, and a switch that divides the discharged liquid from the pump into two outlets. a valve, a controller for giving a time-divided discharge time instruction to the switching valve, and a device for injecting an infusion liquid in an amount equal to the liquid discharged from one outlet of the switching valve into a liquid to be treated, for example, blood. It consists of

To explain the present invention in more detail, it includes a dialyzer that is divided into a liquid side and a liquid side through an ultrafiltration membrane, a pump that discharges the liquid out of the system of the dialyzer, and a pump that discharges the liquid discharged from the pump. Divided into two exits X and Y,
In addition, at outlet Y, there is a volume approximately corresponding to the total amount of injected fluid to be replaced by the end of the intended liquid processing, and at outlet a switching valve capable of time-divisionally distributing the liquid in substantially corresponding amounts and proportions; a controller for setting the preferred value of the time-division to the switching valve and giving an indication of a discharge time; A device for detecting the total weight of the liquid discharged from the outlet Y and its storage tank, and the stored infusion liquid and its container in order to inject the same amount of the infusion liquid into the liquid to be treated, and the addition thereof. If the total weight deviates from the set value, a mechanism that adjusts the amount of infusion from the infusion container to the liquid to be treated in accordance with the signal will produce an amount of infusion equal to the amount of fluid discharged from outlet Y. This invention relates to an ultra-excess amount regulating device that can inject the liquid into the liquid to be treated.

A specific example of the present invention (when applied to an artificial kidney) will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, a dialyzer 1 is separated into a blood side 3 and a liquid side 4 by an ultrafiltration membrane 2. Arterial blood is led to the dialyzer through circuit 5, but is returned to the vein via circuit 6, error stop 7, and circuit 8. The ultrafiltrate removed from the blood via the membrane 2 by a pump 10 driven by a motor 9 is divided into two directions, X and Y, by a three-way switching valve 11, where X is a graduated cylinder. 12, Y is stored in the liquid tank 13. The speed of the motor 9 and the switching time of the switching valve 11 in the X direction or the Y direction are regulated by a controller 14 . The infusion bottle 15 is attached to the same weighing base 16 as the liquid tank 13, and is suspended from one end of the balance 17, and a balance weight 18 is suspended from the other end. The infusion fluid in the infusion bottle 15 is sent by the pump 19 to the error trap 7, where it joins the blood from the dialyzer 1. The speed of the motor 20 that drives the pump 19 is controlled by a balance position detector 21 of the balance 17.
Next, details of the controller 14 will be explained. On the 14th,
A total ultra-limit excess amount setting device 31 and an excess amount setting device 32 which is to be ultimately removed from the liquid to be treated, that is, a weight loss amount setting device 32 are provided. The amount set in 31 corresponds to B in equation (1) above, and is the total amount of water removed from the blood side 3, but it is directly determined by the motor 9.
, that is, the amount of liquid pumped by the pump 10. In 32, the excess amount of water accumulated in the patient's body, which corresponds to A in equation (1), is set, that is, the patient's weight that should be reduced by the current treatment, and this mechanism will be explained in detail. The time during which the switching valve 11 passes in the _X direction during one cycle T is T
Assuming T _Y , if liquid is passed through 10 to 11 to 12 for T _X time so that the ratio setting device 33 satisfies the following formula (2), the amount of liquid stored in 12 will be the target weight loss amount. It becomes A.

_{T X / T}
The switching period T and the time during which it becomes continuous in the X direction
It is sufficient to calculate T _X by 33 and operate the switching valve 11.

Therefore, the amount of liquid stored in the Y direction, that is, the tank 13, is (B-A), but as shown in equation (1), the amount of infusion C corresponding to this is returned to the liquid to be treated, that is, the body. There is a need. Since the liquid tank 13 and the infusion bottle 15 are attached to the same stand 16, if the balance 17 is in equilibrium, the amount of increase in 13 and the amount of decrease in 15 are equal, and equation (1) can be expressed as follows: You will be satisfied. Therefore, the balance 17
The amount of liquid pumped by the pump 19 may be controlled via the motor 20 so that the liquid is always in an equilibrium state.
In an embodiment of the aspect shown in FIG.
If the cumulative amount of water removed stored in the liquid tank 13 is greater than the cumulative amount of infused fluid injected into the blood from the infusion bottle 15, the total weight of the weighing platform 16 will be heavier than the balance weight 18, and in the figure, the culm of the balance 17 will be Since the condition is upward to the right, the detector 21 is turned on and the motor 20 is switched to the high speed side, thereby increasing the infusion amount to more than the average inflow amount from 11 to 13. Therefore, the total weight of 16 gradually decreases, and eventually the culm separates from 21, and 21 turns OFF. At this time, the OFF signal of 21 causes motor 2 to
0 to the low speed side, and the infusion amount is reduced to below the average amount of liquid flowing into the liquid tank 13. That is, while the detector is repeatedly turned ON and OFF, the balance 17 is slightly displaced around the equilibrium position, and when viewed over a long period of time, the extreme excess amount (B-A) that has flowed into the liquid tank 13, The amount C of infusion into the blood side is practically equal.

If the pump 10 is an accurate metering pump such as a plunger pump, the total amount of weight loss up to now can be obtained electrically by multiplying the discharge amount per unit time by the above-mentioned _T By multiplying the discharge amount per unit time by T _Y , the amount of liquid that has flowed out in the Y direction, that is, the total amount of infusion so far can be obtained.

The present invention is based on the
The purpose of the present invention is to provide an accurate oversized artificial kidney device using a simple mechanism without using a complicated weighing/control device. The aim is to accurately measure and regulate the amount of weight loss and infusion by switching the tip with an appropriately controlled two-way switching valve, and other embodiments shown in Fig. 2 are also possible. It is something.

Figure 2 shows an example of a dialysis-type artificial kidney, in which a dialysis-type artificial kidney device with high removal efficiency of low-molecular substances and a hyper-dialysis device with high removal efficiency of middle-molecular substances are combined. This was intended to lighten the burden on patients and medical staff by drawing out the blood and making it possible to perform dialysis in a short period of time.

In Figure 2, symbols 1-11, 13-16, 1
9 to 20 are the same as those in FIG. 1, but the feature in FIG. 2 is that the dialysate is passed through the flow side. The volume equalizing device 41 allows the fresh diafiltrate to be sent from the circuit 42 to 1, and the fresh filtrate removed from 1 to the circuit 43.
The amounts of used dialysate flowing back to 41 are exactly equal. As this capacitance equalizing device 41, any known suitable device may be used. For example, JP-A-52-
As shown in No. 72379, examples include mechanisms such as those shown in Fig. 3 a and b. In FIG. 3, fresh dialysate is sent to the dialyzer by the amount of movement of the piston head 71 or diaphragm 72, and
The same amount of used dialysate is returned.

Returning to FIG. 2, in the circuit 43 there is a pump 44 that sends liquid and a gas-liquid separator 48 that discharges only gas. Therefore, the amount of inflow and outflow of 41 is strictly equalized. Therefore, the metering pump 10
The amount of liquid removed from the pseudo-sealed circuits 41-42-1-43-41 is exactly equal to the amount of water removed from the blood side 3 to the liquid side 4. The switching valve 11 is operated by the controller 14, and the discharge destinations are allocated in a time-sharing manner to the X line for weight loss and the Y line for body fluid/infusion replacement, as in the embodiment shown in FIG. It is. However, the weighing table 16 on which the liquid tank and infusion bottle are mounted is supported by a spring 45, and the vertical movement of the pointer 46 is detected by a detector 47.
Adjust the rotation speed of the motor 19.

Although the present invention has made a hypermorphic artificial kidney possible through a simple mechanism, its application is not limited to artificial kidneys, but can also be applied to other artificial organs that undergo artificial metabolism. It is also applicable to a fluid separation device using general ultrafiltration or a combination of ultrafiltration and dialysis.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are examples according to the present invention,
FIG. 3 is a detailed example of FIG. 2. 1: Dialyzer, 10: Pump, 11: 3-way switching valve, 14: Controller, 13: Liquid tank, 15: Infusion bottle, 16: Weighing stand, 17: Balance, 21: Detector, 44: Pump, 41 :Capacitance equalization device, 45:
Spring, 47: Detector.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A dialyzer that is divided into a treated liquid side and a liquid side via an ultrafiltration membrane, a pump that discharges the liquid out of the system, a switching valve that divides the discharged liquid of the pump into two outlets, and An ultra-overdose control system consisting of a controller that gives time-divided discharge time instructions to the switching valve, and a device that injects an infusion liquid into the liquid to be treated in an amount equal to the liquid discharged from one outlet of the switching valve. Device.