JPS6330230B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to large containers configured to be stackable. A typical example of this large container is a silo. The large container includes a main body, a head, and a flange arranged along the central axis of the large container. The head is attached to the upper part of the main body by welding, and has an insertion opening in the upper part for storing items to be stored in this large container, and its shape is a conical shape that becomes smaller as it goes upward. is doing. The flange is also attached by welding to the lower end of the main body and serves to attach to the main body other parts forming the large container, such as a funnel for discharging the contents.

Large containers of the above type are widely known (eg West German patent specification DE-PS 2159602). Since large containers can be stacked, the cost of transporting the large containers from the manufacturing site to the installation site is extremely low. During the above-mentioned transportation, a number of main body parts, each having a diameter of several meters and a length many times the diameter, having a head at one end and a flange at the other end, are stacked on top of each other. This is because it can be fitted and transported. In this way, when a large container is transported using a tractor, freight train, ship, etc., it can be transported without actually requiring a large space. In comparison, it is clear that if the above-mentioned members were moved separately without stacking them as in the past, an extremely large amount of space would be required (for example, see US Patent Specifications US-PS3023019 and US-PS4109819). ). The same is true when transporting a large, almost cylindrical silo using a transport device.

Large containers equipped with a closing plate that closes the opening are also known. In this case, the opening is closed by a closing plate biased by a closing means using a spring. When the differential pressure between the inside and outside of the large container increases beyond a predetermined value, the closing plate is suddenly pushed toward the low pressure side. For large containers where there is a risk that the internal pressure may be too high or too low compared to the specified pressure,
Many countries have regulations in place (e.g. VDI regulations regarding pressure release for dust explosions).
3673, page 5/6, June 1979). According to the regulations, it is stipulated that large containers such as those mentioned above should use a closure plate that can be ruptured by so-called high pressure, so-called a rupture plate. A disc-shaped closure plate held by a rubber fastener has also been proposed. By attaching this closing plate to the opening of the container, if the pressure inside the large container exceeds the allowable pressure,
The closure plate is explosively removed from the wall of the large container. When using such a closure plate, methods have been considered to prevent the closure plate from popping out when the pressure inside the container is released. However, the disadvantage of employing such a structure to prevent pop-out is that it becomes necessary to provide means for holding and applying appropriate preloads to a series of closing plates that respond to various predetermined pressures. For this reason, the use of large containers that can be stacked and transported has not become widespread. In order to avoid such drawbacks, a rupture disc-type closure plate has been installed on large containers only after the large containers have been transported to the construction site. However, this method was also not preferred. This is because, in this case, it becomes necessary to dispatch a person skilled in container manufacturing to the large container construction site. That is, as mentioned above, it is difficult to attach the closing plate with a predetermined pressure unless it is done by an experienced person. Dispatch of such skilled personnel generally has the disadvantage of high costs.

The problem to be solved by this invention is described at the beginning of "3. Detailed Description of the Invention" of this specification.
The purpose is to improve large containers that can be stacked. This improvement is to make it possible to stack large containers and transport them to a customer site, ie, a construction site, regardless of whether a rupture plate type closure plate is attached to the large containers at the manufacturing plant.

The invention of this application that solves the above problems is as follows. That is, in the large container of the present invention, a neck is formed between the head and the main body. This neck is formed between the joint with the main body and the joint with the head, and forms a large angle with respect to the central axis of this large container than the conical main body, and shrinks as it approaches the head. It has a shape that The neck is provided with an opening, and the opening is provided with a closing plate that at least partially ruptures and rapidly separates when the pressure inside the large container exceeds or exceeds a predetermined pressure range. is attached to close the opening.

Since the neck is formed to be inclined at a larger angle with respect to the central axis than the main body, when the closing plate is assembled in an operable state,
Necessary gaps are formed between adjacent large containers when stacking large containers. Therefore, the closure plate can be attached to the large container at the manufacturing site and adjusted to perform the desired function. Since such a manufacturing method can be used, the adjustment of the closing plate can be carried out with sufficient precision at the manufacturing site using a specified measuring device, and if necessary, highly skilled personnel can be used. It also becomes easier. Furthermore, many large containers can be assembled and tested one after another, which is convenient for rapid and smooth manufacturing.

Although the above description of the large container is for a standard container, various modifications can be made depending on the purpose of use, for example. Here's an example.

For example, with respect to at least one bending, a clamping member having elasticity, for example made of rubber, is used.
An example of this is forming the device so as to directly close the neck opening. At this time, one side of the upper clamp member is rotatably attached to one of the neck and the closing plate,
Preferably, the other side is provided with at least one arm extending beyond said clamping member so as to press against the other of the neck and closure.

However, a pin is provided which normally prevents the arm from rotating and keeps the closing plate in close contact with the opening of the neck, but which cuts and allows the arm to rotate when a pressure that is too high or too low is generated within the large container. It is being

Another possible modification is that the closure plate may be easily torn off, such as a notch in the middle between the edge of the opening in the neck and the outer edge of the closure plate. The present invention is to provide a clamp member having a weakened portion. In this case, it is preferable that the weakened portion be provided at a position that can be reached from the outside so that damage occurs along this weakened portion. Most preferably, a single ring-shaped clamping member is used which is substantially uniformly and completely surrounded by the closing plate. In addition, when excessive pressure is applied to the material of the clamp member instead of rubber, the material does not break between the neck and the closing plate, and the release of the excessive pressure always passes through the opening formed in the neck based on the shearing of the shear pin and closes the closing plate. An elastically bending material may be used, as is done on one side of the plate.

Alternatively, as an alternative to the shear pin, another device may be used which has the function of not restricting the movement of the arm when the applied pressure exceeds a predetermined allowable value, but stopping the movement of the arm when the pressure is below a predetermined value. You may use the member.

Next, embodiments of the invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a silo which is an embodiment of a large container according to the present invention. The large container is assembled by combining a main body 1 made of aluminum or steel, an annular flange 6, a funnel 13 for taking out the contents of the container, a ring-shaped base 7, and the like. The large container is mounted by a well-known method on a base 10 provided at a predetermined location at a predetermined construction site, such as a chemical factory. The upper part of the main body part 1 is provided with an insertion opening 11 for receiving an object to be accommodated therein, and reinforcing members 12, 12a at two, three or more places. A rope, such as a steel rope S or a chain 100, is connected to the reinforcing members 12, 12a. The rope or chain is used to lift the large container or the main body 1 or to assemble the large container. A flange 4 and an auxiliary ring 2 disposed at a predetermined distance from the flange 4 are provided at the lower end of the main body 1, and are used when transporting the large container.
The auxiliary ring 2 is used together with the strut 5 as a spacer. The strut 5 is attached to the outside of the main body 1 so as to extend from the flange 4 to the auxiliary ring 2. Flange 4, annular flange 6 and base 7
are connected by bolts 8. The large container in FIG. 1 shows the normal state of being erected at a construction site. . A discharge opening 9 is provided at the bottom of the funnel portion 13. As shown in Fig. 1, in use, this large container is constructed so that the central axis 14 points almost vertically, and its outer peripheral surface forms a small angle β with the vertical line as it goes upward. It has a tapered conical shape. The angle β corresponds to 1/2 of the apex angle of the conical shape. A neck portion 20 having a conical shape is welded between the main body portion 1 and a conical head portion 21 having a larger apex angle than the main body portion 1 . The apex angle of the conical shape of the neck portion 20 is formed to have a value between the conical apex angle of the main body portion 1 and the conical apex angle of the head portion 2 . The neck 20 is provided with an opening that supports a closing plate 22 that pops out explosively.

FIG. 2 shows a main body part 1, a neck part 20, and a head part 21.
The figure shows a plurality of container bodies 50 assembled to be suitable for transportation. As shown in FIG.
are assembled so that they are coaxial, and the right end that is stacked on the innermost side and has the largest cross section and is open is placed on the transporter 16, and the lower end protrusion 19 of the transporter 16 is placed on the rail 17. The container body 50 can be moved substantially horizontally along the central axis of the container body 50. The main body portion 1d stacked on the innermost side is supported by the holding member 18. Therefore, a plurality of container bodies 5
Even if 0 is stacked and supported as shown in Fig. 2, the thin part at the tip will not droop downward. The container body 50 is arranged so that the center axis 14 faces in the horizontal direction, and the reinforcing member 12a of the container body 50 at the outermost side of the stack is located at the top of the head 21 and the top of the flange 4. It is located. Head 21
A lifting member _S3 such as a steel wire or chain 100 is coupled to the reinforcing member 12a attached to the reinforcing member 12a,
A lifting member _S4 similar to the lifting member _S3 is also coupled to the reinforcing member 12a of the flange. Lifting member S ₃ ,
S ₄ is used to lift and move a plurality of stacked container bodies 50 of FIG.

FIG. 3 shows a state in which six container bodies are stacked and vertically arranged. 1 to 1e indicate six stacked main body parts. The central axes 14 of the main bodies 1 to 1e are oriented substantially vertically as described above. The lower ends of the main body parts 1 to 1e are formed to have the largest cross section, and a flange 4 and an auxiliary ring 2 are provided there at a predetermined distance. With the above structure, the auxiliary ring 2 comes into contact with the flange 4 of the main body part to be stacked next, and works to maintain the distance in the center axis direction between the two main body parts at a predetermined value.
At the minimum diameter part at the top of the main body part 1, there is a reinforcing member 1 that serves as a ring used when suspended by a hoist.
2a is provided. The reinforcing member 12a is the fourth c
As shown in the figure, it protrudes into the inside of the neck 20 and is welded, and protrudes upward through the head 21. Furthermore, by using the large reinforcing member 12 shown in FIG. 4a, even if the container body 50 is heavy, it can be safely and reliably lifted or transported.

FIG. 4a shows the upper part of the closing plate 22, a part of the neck part 20 above it, and a part of the head part 21 continuing thereon, together with a cross-section. FIG. 4b also shows a lower part of the closing plate 22, a part of the neck part 20 located therebeneath, and a part of the main body part 1 provided below these parts. The closing plate 22 is attached to seal the opening in the neck 20, as will be explained later. The head 21 is placed on a horizontal surface 30 as shown in FIG. 4a.
It is formed to have an angle δ of approximately 15° with respect to the angle δ. A transverse cross-section or horizontal plane 30 that is substantially perpendicular to the central axis 14 of course intersects a vertical line 32 that is substantially parallel to the central axis 14 at a substantially right angle. Further, the reference numeral 1x in FIG. 4b indicates a part of the cross section of the main body 1 located just outside the main body 1 when the main body 1 is stacked as shown in FIG. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the main body portion 1
(FIG. 1) and forms an angle β. Also the fourth
As shown in Fig. b, the outer edge 21x of the head 21 extends substantially in the radial direction beyond the welded joint 24 with the upper end of the neck 20. A reinforcing member 12 is attached by welding. The reinforcing member 12 is connected by a chain 100 to a handle 25 which is attached to the closing plate 22 by a known method such as welding. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4c, the position at which the lifting member S is attached to the reinforcing member 12a is determined substantially above the coupling portion 24. The neck portion 20 has an opening on its side, and a closing plate 22 is attached to the edge surrounding the opening with a clamp member 31 made of an elastic material such as rubber.
is attached, and a closing plate 22 is attached to the clamp member. The above mounting situation is explained in detail in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. A handle 25 is attached to the outside of the closing plate 22 as described above, and an arm support 26 is also welded to the outside of the closing plate 2 at a position close to the edge. The arm 23 is attached to the arm support 26 . This arm 23 extends beyond the clamp member 31 to the top of the closing plate 22, and has an adjustment section 28 attached to its tip. The adjusting portion 28 includes a screw, and when the screw is screwed in, the closing plate 22 is pressed toward the inside of the neck portion 20 .

Since the peripheral wall of the neck 20 is inclined at a larger angle with respect to the central axis 14 than the peripheral wall of the main body 1, a certain container body 50 as shown in FIG.
The distance between the neck portion 20 of the container body and the main body portion 1x of the container body stacked adjacent to the outside of the container body can be designed to be sufficiently large. The distance M shown on the left side of FIG. 3 is determined by the relationship between the conical shape of the main body portion 1 and the conical shape of the neck portion 20 having a larger apex angle than the conical shape, that is, the inclination angle of the outer periphery of both parts with respect to the central axis 14. determined. i.e. 4th b.
In the figure, a gap M is formed between the neck 20 extending from the main body 1 and the main body 1x surrounding the outside thereof, and has a substantially triangular cross section narrowing downward and widening upward. A mechanism in which the annular space 33 holds the closing plate 22 and applies pressure in advance;
That is, the arm support body 26, the arm 23, and the adjustment part 28 can be accommodated, and these members 26, 2
It is set to such an extent that there is no problem with the operations of steps 3 and 28.
A large number of container bodies 50 formed in this manner can be stacked one after another without any problem as shown in FIG. As clearly shown in FIG. 4b, the lower arm support ₂₆ (the upper arm support 26 (shown in FIG. 4a) and the adjacent main body portion 1x of the container body,
It is possible to leave at least a spacing a ₂ comparable to the spacing a ₁ above. Adjustment part 28 and handle 2 attached to the upper part of neck part 20 and closing plate 22 shown in FIG. 4a
5 is disposed in the upper wide part of the annular space 33 (the main body part 1x is omitted in FIG. 4a), and a distance larger than the distance a ₁ is formed between the main body part 1x and the main body part 1x. Note that the annular space 33 shown in FIG. 4b
The angle α that defines the angle α is approximately 4. Note that the joint portion 27 between the neck portion 20 and the main body portion 1 is formed by welding.

A portion of the neck 20 is shown in FIG. The neck 20 has a head 2 whose upper end is formed in a closed state.
1 is welded. This construction is commonly used in the construction of silos, and the neck 20 is provided with an opening of approximately a few square meters, which opening is closed by a closing plate 22 which ruptures when excessive pressure is applied. The outer periphery of the closing plate 22 is inserted into a cavity formed in a clamp member 31 provided along the outer periphery. A part of the above insertion situation is shown in FIG. In this figure, the edge 29 of the neck 20 is inserted into the space from the left, and the edge of the closing plate 22 is inserted from the right into a space provided in the clamp member 31 separately from the space. . Clamp member 31
Since the closing plate 22 and the neck part 20 are connected in a sealed state, rain and seawater will not enter into the silo. Although the normal position of the clamp member 31 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the clamp member 31 is not limited to this, and the closing plate 22 may be attached to an appropriate position depending on the purpose. In addition to attaching the closure plate 22 as described above, the large container of the invention uses an arm 23 which acts in this way for the attachment of the closure plate 22. As shown in FIG. 6, the left end of the arm 23 is rotatably attached to an arm support 26 having a U-shaped cross section by a shaft 37. The arm support 26 is welded to the neck 20. Arm 2
3 extends beyond the clamp member 31 and substantially parallel to the neck portion 20, and at its tip reaching the closing plate 22, an adjustment portion 28 with a screw is provided. By rotating the screw, its tip can move forward and backward relative to the closing plate 22. The tip of the screw is formed so that it can remain stationary when pressed by an external force regardless of the rotation of the screw. C marked on the right end of FIG. 6 indicates the distance between the upper surface of the arm 23 and the outer surface of the closing plate 22 (the upper surface in FIG. 6). When the arm 23 is freely rotatable about the shaft 37, this distance C can be freely changed by rotating the screw of the adjustment part 28. Reference numeral 15 in FIG. 6 indicates a pin that is cut by a predetermined shearing force. The pin 15 is located at a distance A from a shaft 37 that rotatably supports the arm 23.
It is attached through the arm support 26 associated with the arm and acts to stop rotation of the arm 23 about the axis 37. The relative relationship between the distances A and B is determined by the relative relationship between the amount of force required to cut the pin 15 and the amount of pressure acting on the closing plate 22. In one practical example, distance A is determined to be 70 mm,
The point where the adjustment part 28 presses the closing plate 22 and the arm 2
The distance B from the rotating shaft 37 of No. 3 is set to approximately 300 mm. Further, the screw belonging to the adjustment part 28 and pushing the closing plate 22 has a thread shape of M12, and the pin 15 is made of aluminum and has a diameter of 6 mm. Also arm support 2
6 is a U-shaped steel member with a thickness of 4 mm, and its dimensions are 40 x 50 x 40 mm. Further, the arm 23 is similarly formed of a U-shaped member made of steel, and the U-shaped arm 23
The inner sides of both legs of the U-shaped arm support 26 and the outer sides of both legs of the U-shaped arm support 26 are connected to each other in a manner that reduces rattling. Further, the distance G in FIG. 6 is the length between the position of the shaft 37 and the neck edge 29, and is determined to be approximately 120 mm, the width of the arm 23 is 60 mm, and the width of the arm support 26 is 50 mm. It is stipulated in For example, by screwing in the screw of the adjusting portion 28, the force with which the arm 23 presses the closing plate 22 can be adjusted.

If the pressure inside the large container becomes too high, the large force applied to the closing plate 22 will be transmitted to the arm support 26 and the neck 20 via the adjustment part 28, the arm 23 and the pin 15. As a result, when the shearing force applied to the pin 15 exceeds the permissible limit, the pin 15 is cut off, and the arm 23 is released from the position restricted by the pin 15 and becomes able to rotate about the shaft 37. In this state, arm 23
no longer exerts any force on the closing plate 22, with the result that the closing plate 22 is pushed away from the clamping member 31 and thus from the neck 20. That is, the closing plate 22, which can be torn by overpressure, acts as a kind of safety valve and can prevent damage to the large container. The function of the closing plate 22 as a safety valve is easily performed by adjusting the degree of screwing of the screw of the adjusting part 28. Also, cylindrical pin 1
5 passes through the arm 23 and the arm support 26 at both ends. A safety ring 15a (FIG. 7) is fitted into the penetrating portion of the pin 15, and the clamp ring 15a functions to prevent the pin 15 from slipping out.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a long groove 31 is provided on the side of the clamp member 31 opposite to the side receiving overpressure.
x is formed, and the long groove 31x acts to facilitate the closing plate 22 being pushed out by the applied overpressure.

The above description is a typical embodiment of the present invention, and various other modifications are possible. For example, one example of this is to make it adjustable so that the position at which the screw of the adjusting part 28 in FIG. 6 presses the closing plate and the distance between the pins 15 can be changed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a front view of one embodiment of the large container of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a view of the container bodies of Fig. 1 stacked and placed almost horizontally, and Fig. 3 is a view of the stacked containers of Fig. 2 above. Fig. 4a is a partially cutaway front view showing the main body standing almost vertically; Fig. 4a shows the head, neck, and part of the closing plate near the joint between the head and neck of the large container shown in Fig. 1; A cross-sectional view, FIG. 4b is a view showing a lower part of the gap between two stacked adjacent container bodies, and FIG. 4c is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the connection of the head and neck. Figure 5 is a plan view showing the state in which the closure plate is attached to the neck, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the joint between the neck and closure plate in Figure 5 seen from the side, and Figure 7 is a view of Figure 6 seen from above. It is a partially broken sectional view. 1, 1a to 1e, 1x... Main body part, 2... Auxiliary ring, 4... Flange, 6... Annular flange,
7... Base, 9... Opening, 11... Insertion opening, 1
2, 12a...Reinforcement member, 13...Funnel part, 14
... Central axis line, 15 ... Pin, 15a ... Safety ring, 20 ... Neck, 21 ... Head, 21x ...
Outer edge, 22... Closing plate, 23... Arm, 26...
...Arm support, 27...Connection part, 28...Adjustment part, 29...Edge, 30...Transverse section, horizontal plane, 3
1... Clamp member, 33... Annular space, 37...
...Shaft, 50...Container body, 100...Chain.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. It is formed around a central axis with a predetermined apex angle, has a conical shape that becomes smaller toward the top, and has an upper end welded to a head provided with an insertion port, In a large stackable container, which has a main body part to which a flange welded to the lower end is used for joining with other parts, there is a space between the head part and the main part, from the joining part to the main part. A conical neck is provided, which becomes smaller as it goes upward to the joint with the main body, and is formed to form a predetermined inclination angle α with the conical shape of the main body,
The neck is provided with an opening that can be closed by a closing plate, and the closing plate is such that at least a portion thereof is suddenly pushed through the neck when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the large container exceeds a predetermined value. Features a large stackable container. 2. A large stackable container according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination α is in the range between 2° and 20°. 3. Claims characterized in that the conical inclination angle β of the main body, that is, the half angle of the apex angle of the conical shape, is between 0.5 and 15 degrees with respect to the central axis of the large stackable container. Stackable large container according to item 1 or 2. 4 A cone in which the head extends upward from the joint with the neck at an angle of inclination δ ranging from 0° to 30° with respect to a plane perpendicular to the central axis, and the diameter becomes smaller as it goes upward. A large stackable container according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the container is formed into a shape. 5. Claim 1, characterized in that the head protrudes outward beyond the joint with the neck.
4. A large stackable container according to any one of Items 4 to 4. 6. Claims characterized in that a reinforcing member used when using the means for hoisting a large container of the present invention is attached by welding near the joint of the head with the neck. Stackable large containers as described in Section 5. 7. The stackable large container according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the joint portion is formed by welding. 8. The closing plate is tightly inserted into the opening provided in the neck via at least one clamp member having elasticity in the bending direction; at least one clamp member extending beyond the clamp member on the upper part of the clamp member. The clamp member is arranged such that there is an arm, one end of the arm is attached to either one of the neck and the closing plate, and the other end of the arm is formed so as to be able to press the other of the neck and the closing plate. When a pin is provided that passes through the arm and the arm support, and the pin is in a state where the arm and the arm support can be connected, rotation of the arm about the axis that supports the arm is prevented; Claim 1, characterized in that when the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the large container exceeds a predetermined value, the pin is sheared and the arm is rotatable about the axis.
The stackable large container described in any one of Items 7 to 7. 9. According to claim 9, at least one arm support is mounted near said neck clamping member, said arm support having an axis for rotation of said arm and means for supporting said pin. Large stackable containers as described in item 8 of the scope. 10. Claim 8 or 1, characterized in that an adjustment section is provided on the side of the arm opposite to the arm rotation axis, and the adjustment section can press the closing plate and the neck. Large stackable containers described in item 9. 11. On the opposite side of the clamp member to which excessive pressure is applied, a long groove that reduces the strength of the clamp member is formed approximately parallel to the edge of the opening provided in the neck and to which the closing plate is attached. A large stackable container according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: 12. According to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the pin is firmly held by safety rings attached to both sides of the arm and the arm support so as not to fall off. Large stackable containers as described.