JPS6331040B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6331040B2 JPS6331040B2 JP57174543A JP17454382A JPS6331040B2 JP S6331040 B2 JPS6331040 B2 JP S6331040B2 JP 57174543 A JP57174543 A JP 57174543A JP 17454382 A JP17454382 A JP 17454382A JP S6331040 B2 JPS6331040 B2 JP S6331040B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- air tank
- air
- water
- cross
- sectional area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明はポンプの送水本管に発生するウオータ
ハンマーを防止するためにポンプの送水本管に連
結管を介して連通されて使用されるウオータハン
マー防止用空気槽に関するものである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a water supply pipe connected to the water supply main pipe of a pump via a connecting pipe in order to prevent water hammer from occurring in the water supply main pipe of the pump. This relates to an air tank for preventing hammers.
空気槽内の空気の体積と圧力と変化は下記(1)式
により表わされることは周知のとおりである。
It is well known that the volume, pressure, and change of air in an air tank are expressed by the following equation (1).
Ｐ・Vn＝一定 ……(1)
ただし、Ｐ：空気絶対圧力、Ｖ：空気体積、
ｎ：係数。 P・V n = constant ……(1) However, P: absolute air pressure, V: air volume,
n: coefficient.
上記(1)式において、初期状態を添字０、ウオー
タハンマー発生時の状態を添字１を付して表わす
と下記(2)式のようになる。 In the above equation (1), if the initial state is represented by a subscript 0 and the state at the time of water hammer occurrence is represented by a subscript 1, the following equation (2) is obtained.
P0・Vn 0＝P1・Vn 1 ……(2)
ここで空気槽の容量C0は送水本管に空気が入
らない容量とする必要があるので、ウオータハン
マー発生時の空気体積V1の最大値V1naxより大き
くする必要がある。またV1naxとなるのは空気絶
対圧力P1が最小値P1nioの時で、P1nioは送水本管
の圧力降下をどの程度に抑制するかにより決定さ
れる。したがつて空気槽容量Ｃは下記(3)式を満足
する必要があることが判る。 P 0・V n 0 = P 1・V n 1 ...(2) Here, the capacity C 0 of the air tank needs to be the capacity that does not allow air to enter the water main, so the air volume when water hammer occurs is It must be greater than the maximum value of V 1 , V 1nax . Further, V 1nax is reached when the absolute air pressure P 1 is the minimum value P 1nio , and P 1nio is determined by how much the pressure drop in the water main pipe is suppressed. Therefore, it can be seen that the air tank capacity C needs to satisfy the following equation (3).
Ｃ＞V0・（P0／P1nio）1/o＝V1nax ……(3)
従来の空気槽は第１図に示すように、その頂部
に給気弁７と排気弁８が、底部に連絡管６がそれ
ぞれ取付けられ、初期空気２および初期水位４の
水を備蓄する上部横断面積と、最低水位５の水３
を備蓄する下部横断面積とが等しいように形成さ
れている。また空気槽１′の頂部と初期水位４と
の距離Ａは初期水位４を一定に制御するために、
ある程度の距離を確保する必要がある。したがつ
て空気槽横断面積をS0とすると、初期空気体積
V0は（S0・Ａ）となり、空気槽容量C0は上記(3)
式より
C0＞S0・Ａ（P0／P1nio）1/o ……(4)
となる。上記(4)式より第１図に示す従来の空気槽
１では、その横断面積S0を大きくすると共に、そ
の高さH0を低くしようとすると、初期空気体積
V0（＝S0・Ａ）が大きくなり、空気槽容量C0が必
要以上に大きくなる欠点がある。C>V 0・(P 0 /P 1nio ) 1/o = V 1nax ...(3) As shown in Figure 1, the conventional air tank has an air supply valve 7 and an exhaust valve 8 at the top, and an air exhaust valve 8 at the bottom. A connecting pipe 6 is attached to each of the upper cross-sectional areas for storing initial air 2 and water at an initial water level 4, and water 3 at a minimum water level 5.
It is formed so that the cross-sectional area of the lower part where it is stored is equal. In addition, the distance A between the top of the air tank 1' and the initial water level 4 is as follows in order to control the initial water level 4 to be constant.
It is necessary to maintain a certain distance. Therefore, if the cross-sectional area of the air tank is S 0 , the initial air volume is
V 0 is (S 0・A), and the air tank capacity C 0 is as shown in (3) above.
From the formula, C 0 > S 0 · A (P 0 /P 1nio ) 1/o ...(4). From equation (4) above, in the conventional air tank 1 shown in Fig. 1, if we try to increase its cross-sectional area S 0 and lower its height H 0 , the initial air volume
There is a drawback that V 0 (=S 0 ·A) becomes large and the air tank capacity C 0 becomes larger than necessary.
また上記のように、下部の横断面積が等しい形
状の場合には、空気槽高さＨは空気槽容量C0と
横断面積S0で決定される。すなわちＨ＝C0／S0
となるから、その容量C0を小さくするには、初
期空気体積V0（＝S0・Ａ）を小さくするために横
断面積S0を小さくしても、空気槽高さＨは余り小
さくならない欠点がある。 Further, as described above, in the case of a shape in which the cross-sectional area of the lower part is equal, the air tank height H is determined by the air tank capacity C 0 and the cross-sectional area S 0 . That is, H=C 0 /S 0
Therefore, in order to reduce the capacity C0 , even if the cross-sectional area S0 is reduced in order to reduce the initial air volume V0 (= S0・A), the air tank height H will not become much smaller. There are drawbacks.
したがつて従来の空気槽の形状では、その形状
の制約から空気槽の容量が必要以上に大きくなる
と共に、高さも高くなるため、空気槽自体の製作
コストは高価となり、広いスペースを必要とする
から、土木、建築などのコストが高くなり、さら
に空気槽高さが高くなると、日照権などの問題を
発生するなどの欠点がある。
Therefore, with the conventional shape of the air tank, the capacity of the air tank is larger than necessary due to the shape restriction, and the height is also high, making the production cost of the air tank itself expensive and requiring a large space. This increases the cost of civil engineering and construction, and further increases the height of the air tank, causing problems such as sunlight rights.
本発明は上記にかんがみウオータハンマー防止
用空気槽の容量を小さくすると共に、高さを低く
することを目的とするものである。 In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to reduce the capacity and height of an air tank for preventing water hammer.
上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、内部に空
気と水を備蓄するウオータハンマー防止用空気槽
において、初期空気を備蓄する空気槽上部の横断
面積を、空気槽下部の横断面積より小に形成する
ことを特徴とするものである。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an air tank for preventing water hammer that stores air and water inside, in which the cross-sectional area of the upper part of the air tank that stores initial air is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of the lower part of the air tank. It is characterized by:
ポンプの送水本管に圧力降下が生じた場合、空
気槽内の水が送水本管側に流出し空気槽内の水位
は初期水位より降下する。このとき、本発明で
は、初期空気を備蓄する空気槽上部の横断面積
を、空気槽下部の横断面積より小さく形成してい
るので、水位が横断面積の大きな部分まで降下す
ると、空気層上部の空間部の圧力は急激に小さく
なり、送水本管内の圧力に急激に近ずくので、空
気槽内の水面降下は減少する。したがつて、空気
槽の高さを従来のものより低くすることができ
る。
When a pressure drop occurs in the water main pipe of the pump, the water in the air tank flows out to the water main pipe side, and the water level in the air tank drops from the initial water level. At this time, in the present invention, the cross-sectional area of the upper part of the air tank that stores the initial air is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of the lower part of the air tank. Since the pressure in the air tank suddenly decreases and approaches the pressure in the water main, the water level drop in the air tank decreases. Therefore, the height of the air tank can be made lower than that of the conventional one.
なお、ウオータハンマー防止効果は従来のもの
と同様に得られる。すなわち、送水本管内の圧力
が急激に低下した場合、空気槽内の水が送水本管
内に流入して圧力低下を抑制し、これによつて送
水本管内に液柱分離が発生するのを防止できるの
で、ウオータハンマーの発生も防止できる。 Note that the water hammer prevention effect can be obtained in the same way as in the conventional case. In other words, if the pressure in the water main pipe drops suddenly, water in the air tank flows into the water main pipe to suppress the pressure drop, thereby preventing liquid column separation from occurring in the water main pipe. Therefore, the occurrence of water hammer can also be prevented.
以下本発明の実施例を図面について説明する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第３図および第４図において、１は空気２と水
３を収納する空気槽で、この空気槽１の上部１ａ
すなわち初期空気２を備蓄し、かつ初期水位４を
保つ部分の横断面積は、下部１ｂすなわち最低水
位５を保つ部分の横断面積より小さいように形成
されている。６は一端が空気槽１の底部に、他端
が送水本管（図示せず）にそれぞれ接続された連
絡線、７，８は空気槽１の頂部に取付けられた給
気弁および排気弁である。 In FIGS. 3 and 4, 1 is an air tank that stores air 2 and water 3, and the upper part 1a of this air tank 1 is
That is, the cross-sectional area of the part that stores the initial air 2 and maintains the initial water level 4 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the lower part 1b, that is, the part that maintains the lowest water level 5. Reference numeral 6 designates a communication line with one end connected to the bottom of the air tank 1 and the other end connected to a water main pipe (not shown), and 7 and 8 designate an air supply valve and an exhaust valve installed at the top of the air tank 1. be.
本実施例は上記のように、初期空気２を備蓄す
る空気槽上部１ａの体積を小さく形成したので、
空気槽１の容量を小さくすることができる。 In this embodiment, as described above, the volume of the upper part 1a of the air tank storing the initial air 2 is made small.
The capacity of the air tank 1 can be reduced.
ポンプ駆動用モーターが停電などにより急停止
した場合、ポンプの送水本管内の流量が減少し、
同時に圧力も低下する。この時、管内圧力が流体
の飽和蒸気圧以下となると、液体中の空気が析出
し管内で液柱分離が発生し、この液柱が再結合す
る際に非常に大きな圧力上昇を起し、送水本管を
破壊することがある。この現象をウオータハンマ
ーと呼ぶが、本発明では送水本管内の圧力が低下
すると空気槽１内の水３が送水本管内に流れるの
で、送水本管内の圧力低下を抑制でき、この結果
液柱分離の発生を防止してウオータハンマーを未
然に防ぐことができる。また、空気槽１内の水３
が連絡管６を経て送水本管側に流出すると、水位
は初期水位４より降下して空気槽１の下部１ｂに
至る。この空気槽下部１ｂはその横断面積が大き
く形成されているため、水３の水面降下は減少す
るから、空気槽１の高さHaを従来例（第１図）
の高さＨよりも低くすることができる。 If the pump drive motor suddenly stops due to a power outage, etc., the flow rate in the pump's main water supply pipe will decrease.
At the same time, the pressure also decreases. At this time, if the pressure inside the pipe falls below the saturated vapor pressure of the fluid, the air in the liquid will precipitate, causing a liquid column to separate within the pipe, and when this liquid column recombines, a very large pressure increase will occur, causing the water to flow. May destroy mains. This phenomenon is called water hammer, but in the present invention, when the pressure in the water main pipe decreases, the water 3 in the air tank 1 flows into the water main pipe, so the pressure drop in the water main pipe can be suppressed, resulting in liquid column separation. It is possible to prevent water hammer from occurring by preventing the occurrence of water hammer. In addition, the water 3 in the air tank 1
When the water flows out to the water main pipe side through the communication pipe 6, the water level drops from the initial water level 4 and reaches the lower part 1b of the air tank 1. Since the lower part 1b of the air tank is formed with a large cross-sectional area, the water level drop of the water 3 is reduced, so the height H a of the air tank 1 is set as in the conventional example (Fig. 1).
can be made lower than the height H of.
第５図および第６図は空気槽１Ａの下部１Ab
を横置き円筒状に形成すると共に、その長さＬを
適当に選定した点が第３図に示す実施例と異な
り、その他の構成は同一であるから説明を省略す
る。このように構成すれば、本実施例の空気槽高
さHbを上記実施例の空気槽高さHaよりも低くす
ることができる利点がある。 Figures 5 and 6 show the lower part 1A b of the air tank 1A.
This embodiment differs from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that it is formed into a cylindrical shape when placed horizontally, and its length L is appropriately selected, but the other configurations are the same and will not be described further. With this configuration, there is an advantage that the air tank height H b of this embodiment can be made lower than the air tank height H a of the above embodiment.
以上説明したように本発明によれば、空気槽の
容量を小さくすることにより、設備費の軽減をは
かると共に、空気槽の高さを低くすることもでき
るので、日照権などの問題を解消することができ
る。
As explained above, according to the present invention, by reducing the capacity of the air tank, equipment costs can be reduced, and the height of the air tank can also be lowered, so problems such as sunlight rights can be solved. be able to.
第１図は従来の空気槽の正面断面図、第２図は
第１図のＸ−Ｘ矢視図、第３図は本発明の空気槽
の一実施例を示す正面断面図、第４図は第３図の
Ｙ−Ｙ矢視図、第５図および第６図は本発明に係
わる他の実施例を示す正面断面図および側面図で
ある。
１，１Ａ……空気槽、１ａ，１Aa……空気槽
上部、１ｂ，１Ab……空気槽下部、２……空気、
３……水。
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a conventional air tank, FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line X-X in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a front sectional view showing an embodiment of the air tank of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a view along the Y-Y arrow in FIG. 3, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are a front sectional view and a side view showing other embodiments of the present invention. 1, 1A...Air tank, 1a, 1A a ...Air tank top, 1b, 1A b ...Air tank bottom, 2...Air,
3...Water.
Claims (1)
防止用空気槽において、初期空気を備蓄する空気
槽上部の横断面積を、空気槽下部の横断面積より
小に形成したことを特徴とするウオータハンマー
防止用空気槽。 ２ 空気槽の下部を横置き円筒状に形成したこと
を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載のウオー
タハンマー防止用空気槽。[Claims] 1. An air tank for preventing water hammer that stores air and water inside, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the upper part of the air tank that stores initial air is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the lower part of the air tank. Air tank to prevent water hammer. 2. The air tank for preventing water hammer according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the air tank is formed into a horizontal cylindrical shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57174543A JPS5965692A (en) | 1982-10-06 | 1982-10-06 | Air tank for water hammer prevention |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57174543A JPS5965692A (en) | 1982-10-06 | 1982-10-06 | Air tank for water hammer prevention |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5965692A JPS5965692A (en) | 1984-04-13 |
| JPS6331040B2 true JPS6331040B2 (en) | 1988-06-22 |
Family
ID=15980379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57174543A Granted JPS5965692A (en) | 1982-10-06 | 1982-10-06 | Air tank for water hammer prevention |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5965692A (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-10-06 JP JP57174543A patent/JPS5965692A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5965692A (en) | 1984-04-13 |
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