JPS6333080B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6333080B2 JPS6333080B2 JP53146127A JP14612778A JPS6333080B2 JP S6333080 B2 JPS6333080 B2 JP S6333080B2 JP 53146127 A JP53146127 A JP 53146127A JP 14612778 A JP14612778 A JP 14612778A JP S6333080 B2 JPS6333080 B2 JP S6333080B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tungsten
- armor
- approximately
- grains
- bursting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007903 penetration ability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009770 conventional sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron nickel Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni] UGKDIUIOSMUOAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Adornments (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
（産業上の利用分野）
本発明は装甲破裂弾用弾丸核心及びその製造方
法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a bullet core for an armor-bursting projectile and a method for manufacturing the same.
（従来の技術）
弾体が硬質合金からなる装甲破壊弾は公知であ
る。適当な硬質合金は例えば86％の炭化タングス
テン及び14％のコバルトを有し、かつ硬度HRA
95、比重14.5ｇ／cm3を有する。これらの特性値を
本発明による弾丸と同一の４つの特性について本
発明の場合と同一単位をもつて表せば、
特 性
破壊強度 2000N／mm2
伸 び 0.2％
比 重 14.4ｇ／cm3
硬 度 HV101250（Kg／mm2）
であり、その貫通能力は本発明の弾体を100％と
すれば、単純目標物については110％、多層目標
物については30％である。かかる、硬質合金から
なる弾体が装弾筒弾丸に利用される場合単純目標
物において良い貫通能力を発揮する。単純目標物
とは、弾丸が単層の比較的厚い装甲板を突き通さ
なければならない場合の目標物のことである。し
かしかかる硬質合金―弾丸は多重目標物に対して
は適さないことが示された。多重目標物とは、弾
丸が隣接して多層に配設された比較的薄い装甲板
を貫通しなければならない場合の目標物のことで
ある。かかる多重目標物の制圧のためには重金属
からなる弾体が適している。(Prior Art) Armor-destroying bullets whose bodies are made of hard alloys are known. A suitable hard alloy has, for example, 86% tungsten carbide and 14% cobalt, and has a hardness of H RA
95, with a specific gravity of 14.5g/ cm3 . If these characteristic values are expressed in the same units as in the case of the present invention for the same four properties as the bullet according to the present invention, characteristic breaking strength 2000N/ mm2 Elongation 0.2% Specific gravity 14.4g/ cm3 Hardness HV 10 1250 (Kg/mm 2 ), and its penetration ability is 110% for simple targets and 30% for multilayer targets, assuming that the bullet of the present invention is 100%. When such a bullet body made of a hard alloy is used in a cartridge-loaded bullet, it exhibits good penetration ability in simple targets. A simple target is one where the bullet must penetrate a single layer of relatively thick armor. However, such hard alloy bullets have been shown to be unsuitable for multiple targets. Multiple targets are targets where the bullet must penetrate relatively thin armor plates arranged in multiple adjacent layers. A projectile made of heavy metal is suitable for suppressing such multiple targets.
さらに、弾体は重金属から製造される装甲破壊
弾が公知である（米国特許明細書3979234号）。適
当な重金属―焼結―合金は例えば93％のタングス
テン及び７％の鉄―ニツケルを有する。これらの
特性値を本発明による弾丸と同一の４つの特性に
ついて、本発明の場合と同一の単位をもつて表せ
ば、
特 性
破壊強度 900N／mm2
伸 び 15％
比 重 15ｇ／cm3
硬 度 HV10300（Kg／mm2）
であり、その貫通能力は本発明の弾体を100％と
すれば単純目標物に対しては70％、多重目標物に
対しては120％である。かかる弾体は前述のよう
に多重目標物の制圧に適している。しかるに重金
属―焼結―合金からなるかかる弾体は単純目標物
に対しては適していない事が実証された。これは
貫通能力が硬質合金の場合よりも遥かに小さいか
らであり、即ち重金属―焼結―合金は比較的小さ
い強度を有し、かつまた特に硬くはないからであ
る。かかる弾体が単純目標物に激突する場合変形
によつて運動エネルギーの大部分が失われる、即
ち弾体は装甲板を貫通する前に強く変形されるか
らである。 Furthermore, armor-busting bullets made of heavy metals are known (US Pat. No. 3,979,234). A suitable heavy metal-sintered alloy has, for example, 93% tungsten and 7% iron-nickel. If these characteristic values are expressed in the same units as in the case of the present invention for the same four properties as the bullet according to the present invention, they are as follows: Characteristic breaking strength: 900 N/mm 2 Elongation: 15% Specific gravity: 15 g/cm 3 Hardness If the bullet of the present invention is 100 % , its penetration ability is 70% against simple targets and 120% against multiple targets. Such a projectile is suitable for suppressing multiple targets as described above. However, such projectiles made of heavy metal-sintered alloys have proven unsuitable for simple targets. This is because the penetration capacity is much lower than in the case of hard metals, ie heavy metal-sintered alloys have a relatively low strength and are also not particularly hard. When such a projectile hits a simple target, a large part of the kinetic energy is lost through deformation, ie the projectile is strongly deformed before penetrating the armor plate.
（発明の課題）
本発明により、解決されるべき課題は単純目標
物の制圧にもまた多重目標物の制圧にも適してい
る装甲破裂弾用弾丸核心及びその製造方法を創造
することにある。OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The problem to be solved by the present invention is to create a bullet core for an armor-bursting projectile and a method for producing the same, which is suitable for the suppression of simple targets as well as for the suppression of multiple targets.
（課題の解決のための手段）
本発明の課題は請求項に記載された構成によつ
て解決される。(Means for Solving the Problems) The problems of the present invention are solved by the configurations described in the claims.
即ち、装甲破裂弾用弾丸核心及びその製造方法
は、重金属―焼結―合金の球状のタングステン体
が縦長に成形されることを特徴とする。優先的に
は縦長のタングステン体の成形のための棒材料
（円筒体）の形をした焼結されかつプレスされた
合金がノズルから押し出される。 That is, the bullet core for armor-bursting bullets and the method for manufacturing the same are characterized in that a spherical tungsten body made of a heavy metal-sintered alloy is formed into a vertically elongated shape. The sintered and pressed alloy is extruded from the nozzle, preferably in the form of a bar stock (cylinder) for forming elongated tungsten bodies.
（実施例）
以下図面に基づいて本発明を実施例に基づいて
説明する。(Example) The present invention will be described below based on an example with reference to the drawings.
このタングステン93〜97％、鉄2.5〜１％、及
びニツケル4.5〜２％からなるタングステン―重
金属粉末から通常の方法によるプレス及び通常の
方法による焼結によつて次の特性を有する合金が
つくられる。タングステン球状を呈する（第４
図）。球状のタングステン粒の間にニツケルと鉄
が存在する（第１図）。タングステン粒は多孔質
ではなく空域は殆ど100％充填されている。 From this tungsten-heavy metal powder consisting of 93-97% tungsten, 2.5-1% iron, and 4.5-2% nickel, an alloy having the following properties is made by pressing in a conventional manner and sintering in a conventional manner. . Tungsten exhibits a spherical shape (fourth
figure). Nickel and iron exist between the spherical tungsten grains (Figure 1). Tungsten grains are not porous and the air space is almost 100% filled.
特 性
破壊強度 900N／mm2
伸 び 15％、
比 重 18ｇ／cm3
硬 度 HV10300（Kg／mm2）
この重金属―焼結―合金はプレス及び焼結の後更
に変形される。タングステンの形は棒状（円筒
体）、楕円状等のように縦長にされる（第５図）。
この際横断面の減少が20％の場合には
特 性
破壊強度 1200N／mm2
伸 び ５％
比 重 18ｇ／cm3
硬 度 HV10400（Kg／mm2）
になる。第２図によると横断面は25％だけ、そし
て第３図によると40％だけ減少される。その場合
硬度はHV10500（Kg／mm2）に上昇する。Characteristics Breaking strength 900N/mm 2 Elongation 15%, Specific gravity 18g/cm 3 Hardness HV 10 300 (Kg/mm 2 ) This heavy metal-sintered alloy is further deformed after pressing and sintering. The shape of tungsten is vertically elongated, such as a rod (cylindrical body), an ellipse, etc. (FIG. 5).
In this case, if the reduction in cross section is 20%, the characteristic breaking strength will be 1200N/mm 2 Elongation 5% Specific gravity 18g/cm 3 Hardness HV 10 400 (Kg/mm 2 ). According to FIG. 2 the cross section is reduced by 25% and according to FIG. 3 by 40%. The hardness then increases to HV 10 500 (Kg/mm 2 ).
硬化のための重金属―焼結―合金の変形とは単
に、通常の方法によるプレス及び通常の方法によ
る焼結の後の変形のことである。塑性加工とは本
発明では前述の棒のノズルからの押し出しを意味
する。その場合工作材料の塑性変形を行う冷間加
工び熱間加工に関する。 Deformation of heavy metal-sintered alloys for hardening refers simply to deformation after pressing by conventional methods and sintering by conventional methods. In the present invention, plastic working means extrusion of the aforementioned rod from a nozzle. In this case, it relates to cold working and hot working which plastically deforms the workpiece material.
第１の変形とは工作物たる工作材料の形態が物
質粒子の関連を保持しながら物質粒子間のずれに
よつて変形されることである。この変形方法には
通常の方法による圧延、鍛造、プレス引き抜き、
圧縮、スタンピングなどが属する。多くの方法は
再結晶温度以上でも以下でも（「熱間」及び「冷
間」）実施可能である。熱間加工とは一般に小さ
い力によつて高い変形度を可能にするが、加熱の
ための費用、収縮による大きな精度悪化、及びス
ケール形成が欠点である。冷間加工とは高度の表
面品質において高い精度をもたらすが大きな力を
必要とし、かつ小さい変形度しか許容しない。ま
たしばしば、中間焼きなましによつて排除する必
要がある不本位の規模の硬化が生じる。 The first deformation is that the form of the work material, which is the workpiece, is deformed due to the displacement between the material particles while maintaining the relationship between the material particles. This deformation method includes rolling, forging, press drawing,
Includes compression, stamping, etc. Many processes can be carried out above or below the recrystallization temperature ("hot" and "cold"). Hot working generally allows for high degrees of deformation with low forces, but suffers from the expense of heating, significant accuracy degradation due to shrinkage, and scale formation. Cold working provides high precision with a high surface quality, but requires high forces and allows only small degrees of deformation. Also, an undesirable amount of hardening often occurs which has to be eliminated by intermediate annealing.
第２の変形とは塑性的形態変化のことである。
固形の状態における変形可能性は、金属の結晶が
一定の基準に従つて滑り変形及び双晶変形を与え
られかつこうして通常の方法による圧延、鍛造、
プレス、引き抜きなどによつて変形されうること
に基づく。熱間変形においては変形された組織の
中に新しい結晶が、再結晶として形成される。こ
れによつて大きな横断面を有する鋳造ブロツクは
小さな薄板及びワイヤに変形されることが可能で
ある。冷間変形においては強度、降伏点及び高度
が上昇し、伸びは破壊の寸前までに低下する。 The second deformation is a plastic shape change.
Deformability in the solid state is determined by the fact that the crystals of the metal are subjected to sliding deformation and twinning deformation according to certain criteria, and are thus subjected to rolling, forging, or rolling by conventional methods.
It is based on the fact that it can be deformed by pressing, drawing, etc. During hot deformation, new crystals are formed in the deformed structure as recrystallization. This allows casting blocks with large cross sections to be transformed into small sheets and wires. During cold deformation, strength, yield point and height increase, and elongation decreases to the point of failure.
（発明の効果）
本発明によれば、単純目標物にも多層目標物に
も最適な装甲破裂弾用弾丸核心が得られる。(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, a bullet core for an armor-bursting projectile that is optimal for both simple targets and multi-layered targets can be obtained.
第１図は焼結されたタングステン―重金属の
100倍に拡大した組織写真、第２図は縦長方向に
変形されたタングステン―重金属の組織写真、第
３図は縦長方向に強く変形されたタングステン粒
を有する第１図と同様なタングステン―重金属の
組織写真、第４図は球状タングステン粒、そして
第５図は縦長のタングステン粒を拡大して表した
図である。
Figure 1 shows sintered tungsten - heavy metal
Figure 2 is a photograph of the structure of tungsten-heavy metal that has been deformed in the longitudinal direction, magnified 100 times. Figure 3 is a photograph of the structure of tungsten-heavy metal that has been strongly deformed in the longitudinal direction, similar to Fig. 1. The structure photographs, FIG. 4 are spherical tungsten grains, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of vertically elongated tungsten grains.
Claims (1)
タングステン（Ｗ）93〜97％、鉄（Fe）2.5〜１
％、ニツケル（Ni）4.5〜２％を含有する合金か
ら成り、破壊強度が1200N／mm2よりも大きく、伸
びが５％又はそれ以上、比重が略18ｇ／cm3そして
硬度がHV10400又はそれ以上であるという特性を
有し、かつ縦長の粒に変形された球状タングステ
ン粒からつくられていることを特徴とする前記装
甲破裂弾用弾丸核心。 ２ 装甲破裂弾用弾丸核心にして、該弾丸核心は
タングステン（Ｗ）93〜97％、鉄（Fe）2.5〜１
％、ニツケル（Ni）4.5〜２％を含有する合金か
ら成り、破壊強度が1200N／mm2よりも大きく、伸
びが５％又はそれ以上、比重が略18ｇ／cm3そして
硬度がHV10400又はそれ以上であるという特性を
有し、かつ縦長の粒に変形された球状タングステ
ン粒から造られている前記装甲破裂弾用弾丸核心
を製造するための方法にして、 ａ 通常の方法で粉体から円筒体にプレスされ、
次の特性、即ち破壊強度略900N／mm2、伸び略
15％、比重略18ｇ／cm3、硬度略HV10300にさ
れ、 ｂ 上記円筒体は次にノズルを通つて押し出さ
れ、それによつて横断面積が20％減少され、そ
の際球状タングステン粒は縦長粒に変形される
ことを特徴とする前記製造方法。[Claims] 1. A bullet core for armor-bursting bullets, the bullet core is made of 93-97% tungsten (W) and 2.5-1% iron (Fe).
%, nickel (Ni) 4.5~2%, fracture strength is greater than 1200N/ mm2 , elongation is 5% or more, specific gravity is approximately 18g/ cm3 , and hardness is HV 10 to 400 or more. The bullet core for armor-bursting bullets is characterized in that it is made from spherical tungsten grains that have been transformed into vertically elongated grains. 2 The bullet core for armor-bursting bullets is made of 93-97% tungsten (W) and 2.5-1% iron (Fe).
%, nickel (Ni) 4.5~2%, fracture strength is greater than 1200N/ mm2 , elongation is 5% or more, specific gravity is approximately 18g/ cm3 , and hardness is HV 10 to 400 or more. 1. A method for manufacturing a bullet core for an armor-bursting projectile, which is made from spherical tungsten grains which have the characteristics of Pressed into a cylinder,
The following characteristics: breaking strength approximately 900N/mm 2 , elongation approximately
15%, a specific gravity of approximately 18 g/cm 3 and a hardness of approximately HV 10 300, b The cylinder is then extruded through a nozzle, whereby the cross-sectional area is reduced by 20%, the spherical tungsten grains being elongated. The said manufacturing method is characterized in that it is transformed into grains.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1452677A CH627549A5 (en) | 1977-11-28 | 1977-11-28 | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ARMORING BULLET. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5499719A JPS5499719A (en) | 1979-08-06 |
| JPS6333080B2 true JPS6333080B2 (en) | 1988-07-04 |
Family
ID=4401572
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14612778A Granted JPS5499719A (en) | 1977-11-28 | 1978-11-28 | Production of bomb for breaking armour |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5499719A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE871885A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH627549A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2848019B2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2410245B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2008450A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7800356A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE439064B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6424786U (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-02-10 |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0143775B1 (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1989-01-11 | VOEST-ALPINE Aktiengesellschaft | Sub-calibre penetrator and method of making the same |
| DE3430128C2 (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1987-02-26 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 8000 München | Penetrator for a kinetic energy projectile |
| FR2633205B1 (en) * | 1988-06-22 | 1992-04-30 | Cime Bocuze | PROCESS FOR DIRECT SHAPING AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-DENSITY TUNGSTEN ALLOY PERFORMING PROJECTILES |
| JPH02163337A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-22 | Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co Ltd | Manufacture of high hardness tungsten liquid phase sintered alloy |
| DE102005021982B4 (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2007-04-05 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Process for the preparation of a penetrator |
| DE102005039901B4 (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2015-02-19 | Rwm Schweiz Ag | Projectile, in particular for medium caliber ammunition |
-
1977
- 1977-11-28 CH CH1452677A patent/CH627549A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-01-12 NL NL7800356A patent/NL7800356A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-11-06 DE DE2848019A patent/DE2848019B2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-11-09 BE BE191627A patent/BE871885A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-11-16 FR FR7832412A patent/FR2410245B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-21 GB GB7845493A patent/GB2008450A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-11-21 SE SE7811973A patent/SE439064B/en unknown
- 1978-11-28 JP JP14612778A patent/JPS5499719A/en active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6424786U (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-02-10 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2848019A1 (en) | 1979-05-31 |
| BE871885A (en) | 1979-03-01 |
| DE2848019B2 (en) | 1980-07-24 |
| SE7811973L (en) | 1979-05-29 |
| FR2410245A1 (en) | 1979-06-22 |
| CH627549A5 (en) | 1982-01-15 |
| GB2008450A (en) | 1979-06-06 |
| SE439064B (en) | 1985-05-28 |
| FR2410245B1 (en) | 1985-11-22 |
| NL7800356A (en) | 1979-05-30 |
| JPS5499719A (en) | 1979-08-06 |
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