JPS6341501B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to an earthquake data collection method for collecting earthquake observation data from observation stations in remote locations through a switched line network, and is intended to reduce the cost of earthquake observation equipment and communication costs. be. Note that the term "switched line network" as used herein refers to a communication line network such as a subscriber telephone line network, a private telephone line network, or various digital line networks that allows communication between arbitrary points by switching control.

In conventional earthquake observation, as shown in Fig. 1, observation stations 11 to 1n installed in a plurality of remote locations are connected to each data receiving section 31 to 3n of a data collection station 3 through communication lines 21 to 2n, respectively. , observation station 11 is always used at data collection station 3 regardless of whether an earthquake occurs or not.
The method used was to collect data from 1n to 1n, that is, to constantly transmit data.

The conventional methods described above are extremely ineffective in understanding earthquake phenomena, especially those that occur infrequently (about once a month on average) and have a relatively short duration when they occur, such as felt earthquakes. It's reasonable. That is, the observation stations 11 to 1n are generally the data collection station 3.
Since it is set up in a fairly remote location, it is necessary to connect them with a communication line network, but according to the conventional method described above, the exchange lines 21 to 2n connecting the observation stations 11 to 1n and the data collection station 3 are always monopolized. This is because communication lines have to be used in different ways, resulting in extremely low utilization efficiency of communication lines and extremely high observation costs.

Furthermore, in seismic observation (especially felt seismic observation), not all seismic data is required at all times, and in normal observation it is necessary to grasp representative seismic data, such as the maximum amplitude and the time of occurrence. That's enough,
All earthquake data is only required when, for example, an earthquake with a seismic intensity of 3 or higher occurs.

The present invention provides a new seismic data collection method that significantly reduces communication costs by taking into consideration the characteristics unique to felt earthquake observation as described above.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. In the following explanation, unless otherwise specified, the term "earthquake" refers to a "felt earthquake."

Fig. 2 is a system diagram showing an earthquake observation network according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 3 is a block diagram of an earthquake data collection system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figs. 4 A to C show seismic data of seismic waves. It is a graph explaining the processing of.

First, an earthquake observation network according to an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. The embodiment described below is an example in which a subscriber telephone line network is used as the switched line network.

The observation stations 11 to 1n are installed at a plurality of observation points located far from the data collection station 3, and each observation station 11 to 1n is connected to a subscriber telephone line 61 to 1n.
6n indicates the telephone stations 41 to 4n to which it belongs (multiple observation stations may belong to the same telephone station.)
be accommodated in. Note that the observation stations 11 to 1n are normal unmanned stations.

The data collection station 3 has a plurality of data receiving units 31 to 3.
These data receiving units 31 to 3m are accommodated in the telephone station 5 to which the data collection station 3 belongs via subscriber telephone lines 81 to 8m. Data collection station 3
If there are multiple stations, the data receiving section of each data collection station is accommodated in the telephone office to which each data collection station belongs.

Telephone stations 41-4n to which observation stations 11-1n belong
and the telephone station 5 to which the data collection station 3 belongs are connected by relay lines 71 to 71n. In addition, telephone office 4
There is another 1 or 2 between 1 to 4n and the telephone station 5.
There may be cases where the above relay stations exist, but in this case, relay lines will also exist in multiple stages.

The above-mentioned subscriber telephone lines 61 to 6n - telephone offices 41 to 4n - relay lines 71 to 7n - telephone office 5 - subscriber telephone lines 81 to 8m are the existing subscriber telephone switching networks and are used for seismic data collection according to the present invention. It is not specifically designed for the system.

Regarding communication staff, observation stations 11 to 1n are equipped with automatic transmission functions and automatic response functions, and data collection station 3
has a manual operation calling function and an automatic response function.
That is, in the event of an emergency, the observation stations 11 to 1n automatically transmit seismic data to the data collection station 3, automatically respond to calls from the data collection station 3, and respond to commands from the data collection station 3. In addition, in the event of an emergency, the data collection station 3 automatically responds to transmissions from the observation stations 11 to 1n and receives earthquake data, and also transmits earthquake data from any of the observation stations 11 to 1n as necessary. The required seismic data is collected by calling one or more stations or all stations.

Furthermore, if subscriber telephone lines 81 to 8m to which data collection station 3 is connected are configured as representative number lines, if automatic calls are made from multiple observation stations 11 to 1n at the same time, the line will be busy. In addition, for observation stations 11 to 1n, it is only necessary to set the dial number for automatic transmission to the representative number of data collection station 3. This is convenient because it is sufficient to use the same number for all observation stations 11 to 1n.

In addition, if there are multiple data collection stations 3,
The collection of seismic data automatically sent from observation stations 11 to 1n is limited to a specific data collection station (one station or in some cases, two or more stations), and the collection of seismic data at other data collection stations is limited. is operated by calling the observation stations 11 to 1n from the data collection station.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. Note that FIG. 3 shows one of the observation stations 11 to 1n (observation station 1) and one of the data receiving units 31 to 3m in the data collection station 3 among those shown in FIG. . Further, the subscriber telephone line network 9 includes subscriber telephone lines 61 to 6n, 8 in FIG.
1~8m, trunk lines 71~7n and telephone office 41~
4n and 5 collectively.

First, each part constituting the observation station 1 will be explained.

The sensor 101 detects earthquakes and measures seismic motion.

The clock unit 102 generates a timing signal that is the basis of time data such as earthquake occurrence time and earthquake duration time.

The total data memory 103 digitizes and digitally stores seismic data covering the entire period of an earthquake that has occurred, and uses a 4-track digital cassette magnetic tape in this embodiment.

The representative value memory 104 stores representative values of earthquake data during the period of occurrence of an earthquake (hereinafter referred to as representative value data), such as arrival time of seismic waves, maximum amplitude,
The maximum amplitude arrival time, vibration duration time, etc. are digitized and stored digitally.
Semiconductor memory (random access memory;
RAM).

The modulation/demodulation section 105 converts the earthquake data stored in the total data memory 104 or the representative value memory 105 into a signal form suitable for transmission via the subscriber telephone line network 9 and sends it from the data collection station 3. It converts various signals into a signal format that can be processed within the observation station 1.

The line connection unit 106 captures the subscriber telephone line network 9 when automatically transmitting earthquake data after an earthquake occurs, and automatically responds to calls from the data collection station 3.

The automatic dialing section 107 automatically transmits the telephone number (dial signal) of the data collection station 3 when automatically transmitting earthquake data.

The control unit 108 processes the earthquake information detected by the sensor 101 into earthquake data (digital values) and controls to store it in the total data memory 103 and the representative value memory 104, and connects the subscribed telephone line network to the line connection unit 106 in the event of an emergency. 9 and sends the telephone number of the data collection station 3 from the automatic dialing unit 107;
It performs all the various controls in the observation station 1, such as reading the earthquake data stored in the total data memory 103 or the representative value memory 104 and sending it to the data collection station 3, and operates according to a predetermined program. It consists of a so-called microcomputer.

Next, each part constituting the data collection station 3 will be explained.

The line connection unit 301 provides an automatic response to a call from the observation station 1, and an automatic response from the data collection station 3 to the observation station 1.
This is to capture the subscriber telephone line network 9 when calling the line connecting section 10 in the observation station 1.
This is similar to 6.

The modulation/demodulation section 302 converts the earthquake data sent from the observation station 1 into a signal format suitable for processing within the data collection station 3, and sends various signals to the observation station 1 via the subscriber telephone line network 9. The signal is converted into a signal format suitable for transmission by the observation station 1.
This is similar to the modulation/demodulation section 105 in .

The operation unit 303 operates from the data collection station 3 to the observation station 1.
Perform the so-called calling operation such as dialing the telephone number of the observation station 1 when calling the observation station 1.
Various command signals (data sending command signals, etc.)
It is intended to send out.

The display and recording unit 304 displays and records earthquake data sent from the observation station 1.

The clock section 305 generates a time signal, a timing signal, etc. when operating the system so as to call the observation station 1 at a certain time or at a certain period.

The control unit 306 controls the line connection unit 301 to capture the subscriber telephone line 9 by operation on the operation unit 303 or by a signal from the time measurement unit 305, and receives earthquake data from the observation station 1. It performs all the various controls in the data collection station 3, such as controlling the display and recording section 304 to display and record seismic data, and is composed of a so-called microcomputer that operates according to a predetermined program.

As shown in Figure 2, the data collection station 3 has a plurality of
When the subscriber telephone line of the main telephone line is connected, the line connection section 301 and the modulation/demodulation section 302 of the data collection station 3 are connected.
may be a plurality of (m). There are also multiple data collection stations 3. When transmitting seismic data from the observation station 1 to a plurality of data collection stations 3 at the same time, the observation station 1 has a plurality of modulation/demodulators 105, line connection sections 106, and automatic dialing sections 107, respectively, and multiple line connection sections. 106 may be connected to respective subscriber telephone lines.

Before explaining the operation of the earthquake observation system shown in FIG. 3, a processing method for processing earthquake information into earthquake data will be explained with reference to FIG.

All earthquake data consists of 100 seismic waveforms shown in Figure 4A.
Sampling is performed at Hz to 200Hz, the sampling information is digitized, and all data memory 103 is stored for each earthquake that occurs.
are stored in each track.

Among the representative value data, for example, the maximum amplitude is stored as follows. In other words, as shown in Figure 4A, seismic waves have amplitudes in both positive and negative directions.
As shown in Figure 4B, the absolute value of this seismic wave is first taken (full-wave rectification in terms of electrical signals), and then, as shown in Figure 4C, during the period when the earthquake continues. While the wave height value increases,
The content of the temporary storage memory (the maximum amplitude storage area of the representative value memory 104 may be used, or another memory may be used) is sequentially updated with the increasing peak value, The contents of the temporary memory when the earthquake ends are stored in the corresponding area of the representative value memory 104 as the maximum amplitude of the seismic wave.

Also, the arrival time of seismic waves, maximum amplitude arrival time,
Typical value data such as vibration duration time is obtained from the sensor 101.
The information is created based on the earthquake information output from the timer 102 and the timing signal obtained from the timer 102, and stored in each corresponding area of the representative value memory 104.

The representative value data described above is a typical example, and which data, including data other than the examples, to be adopted as representative value data is a matter determined by the operation of the earthquake observation system.

Next, the operation of the earthquake observation system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

When an earthquake is detected by the sensor 101 at the observation station 1, the total earthquake data is stored in the total data memory 103 and the representative value data is stored in the representative value memory 104 under the control of the control unit 108, respectively.

In this embodiment, the total data memory 103 is a 4-track digital cassette magnetic tape, and as mentioned above, all seismic waves as shown in FIG. stored in the track.

When all tracks are empty, all earthquake data is stored in tracks No. 1 to No. 4 in the order of earthquake occurrence, but when all earthquake data is stored on all tracks, it will be stored at a later time. By the operation described above, all seismic data related to a newly occurring earthquake is stored in the track that has been read out (collection of all seismic data has been completed at the data collection station 3). In addition, if all earthquake data is stored in all tracks and all earthquake data of all tracks has not been read out, new all earthquake data will not be stored (if the number of tracks to be stored is 4). Therefore, it is rare for such a situation to occur.)

Note that a semiconductor memory (RAM) other than the above-mentioned one can also be used as the total data memory 103.

The representative value memory 104 stores the above-mentioned representative value data as well as the earthquake information detected by the sensor 101 and the timekeeping unit 10.
2 is stored and stored at a predetermined address based on the timing signal outputted by the 2. Among the representative value data, especially the maximum amplitude of an earthquake is stored in the following manner.

That is, while the peak value is increasing, the data in the maximum amplitude value storage area of the representative value memory 104 is updated one after another with new peak value data, and when the peak value is decreasing, the data is updated to new wave peak value data. Control is performed so that high price data is not updated. Figure 4C
represents how the maximum amplitude is stored under such control. In addition, this control is performed by, for example, using a temporary memory in the control unit 108 to perform the above update operation, and when the seismic wave disappears, the contents of the temporary memory are transferred to a predetermined area of the representative value memory 104 and stored therein. It is also possible by
In particular, when a semiconductor memory (RAM) is used as the total data memory 103, all seismic data is read out from the total data memory 103 immediately after the seismic wave disappears, the maximum amplitude is extracted from it, and transferred to the representative value memory 104. This is also possible depending on the storage method.

As described above, there are various methods for storing the representative value in the representative value memory 104, for example, just for storing the maximum amplitude, as described above, but which method is to be adopted is determined by the operational requirements, etc. It is. That is, what is important in the present invention is that the representative value memory 1
04 is provided at the observation station 1, and representative value data is stored separately from all earthquake data.

When the end of the earthquake is detected by the sensor 101, the control unit 108 sends a command to acquire the subscriber telephone line network 9 to the line connection unit 106, and the line connection unit 106 performs a call operation (direct current loop of the call line) to the affiliated telephone station. ).

After a short period of time after the outgoing call is made at the observation station 1 (during this period, the telephone station to which the observation station 1 belongs performs call connection control), the automatic dialing section 107 is activated by the control section 108. be done. The automatic dialing section 107 sends a dialing signal related to the telephone number of the data collection station 3 to the subscriber telephone line network 9 via the line connection section 106. The subscriber telephone line network 9 receives the dial signal and connects the observation station 1 and the data collection station 3, and sends a calling signal (so-called,
ringing tone) is sent out.

In the data collection station 3, the line connection unit 301 automatically responds to the above-mentioned call signal, and after the call line is established, a response confirmation signal is sent to the observation station 1. The observation station 1 receives the response confirmation signal and confirms the response of the data collection station 3.

When the observation station 1 confirms the response of the data collection station 3, the representative value data stored in the representative value memory 104 by the above operation is read out from the representative value memory 104 under the control of the control unit 108. After being modulated by modulation/demodulation section 105 to be suitable for transmission over subscriber telephone line network 9, it is sent out to subscriber telephone line network 9 through line connection section 106 and transmitted to data collection station 3.

The data collection station 3 receives the modulated representative value data through the line connection section 301, and the received representative value data is demodulated into the original signal form by the modulation/demodulation section 302 and input to the control section 306.
The control unit 306 processes signals according to a predetermined program, and displays and records representative value data on the display and recording unit 304.

If the multiple subscriber telephone lines owned by data collection station 3 are not treated as representative numbers, and the line automatically dialed by observation station 1 is busy, or even if it is treated as representative number, earthquake data cannot be transmitted. When the observation station 1 is not connected to the data collection station 3, such as when all the lines are busy, the timer 1
After some time has elapsed based on the timing signal from 02, the observation station 1 performs a reconnection operation.
If the data collection station 3 is not connected even after repeating this a set number of times (for example, twice), the earthquake data will be transmitted when the next earthquake occurs. That is, when automatically sending out representative value data, if there is unsent representative value data in the representative value memory 104, first send out the unsent representative value data,
Next, representative value data related to a newly occurring earthquake is transmitted.

Furthermore, in order to reduce the chances of the above-mentioned reconnection operation in the observation stations 1, the automatic transmission start times of the representative value data are set to be different between the observation stations 1. That is, when shaking due to an earthquake is detected over a particularly wide area, representative value data is automatically received from many observation stations 1 to the data collection station 3;
As mentioned above, by making the transmission start points of the representative value data from each observation station 1 different from each other, the arrival time to the data collection station 3 is distributed, so that After the connection is broken, there is an increased chance that a call will be received from the observation station that sent the call later, the probability that the line will be busy from the perspective of observation station 1 will be lower, and there will be fewer observation stations that cannot send representative value data. It is.

In order to do this, the timer 102 measures the time from when the sensor 101 detects the end of the earthquake to when the line connection unit 106 is activated and a transmission operation is performed.
The plurality of observation stations 1 may be controlled differently based on timing signals from the observation station 1.

The representative value data stored in the representative value memory 104 is automatically transmitted from the observation station 1 to the data collection station 3 immediately after the earthquake has subsided as described above, but all the earthquake data stored in the total data memory 103 is Data is collected at the data collection station 3 as follows.

When determining that all earthquake data is necessary based on the representative value data automatically sent by data collection station 3, the operator of data collection station 3 performs a dialing operation on operation unit 303 and enters the telephone number of observation station 1. Dial. In the subscriber telephone line network 9, switching control proceeds in the same manner as when the automatic call is made from the observation station 1,
When observation station 1 automatically responds via line connection section 106,
A telephone line is set up between the data collection station 3 and the observation station 1.

Here, a command signal for transmitting all earthquake data is transmitted from the data collection station 3 to the observation station 1 by operating the operation unit 303. That is, when the key operation for receiving all earthquake data is performed on the operation unit 303,
The control unit 306 outputs a transmission command signal for all seismic data, and this transmission command signal is modulated by the modulation/demodulation unit 302 to be suitable for transmission over the subscriber telephone line network 9, and then passes through the line connection unit 301 to the subscriber telephone line. Net 9
It is sent to observation station 1 via.

When the observation station 1 receives the modulated all-earthquake data transmission command signal via the line connection section 106,
The received all-earthquake data transmission command signal is demodulated into the original signal form by the modulation/demodulation section 105. Control unit 10
In step 8, all the earthquake data stored in the all data memory 103 is read out in response to the all earthquake data transmission command signal sent via the modulation/demodulation section 105, and the all earthquake data is transmitted to the data collection station 3. The transmission control of this total earthquake data is performed by the same control as the transmission of the representative value data.

In the embodiment, the representative value data stored in the representative value memory 104 of the observation station 1 can also be collected by operation from the data collection station 3. That is, the operation unit 303 may send out a representative value earthquake data sending command signal instead of the above-mentioned all earthquake data sending command signal. This control is the same as the control for transmitting all earthquake data, except for the control for reading the representative value data from 104.

Furthermore, in consideration of the case where the observation station 1 encounters a line busy during automatic transmission and there is unsent representative value data in the observation station 1, as described above, in the embodiment, the clock section 305 is connected to the data collection station 3. and every fixed time (for example, at a fixed time of the day)
The data collection station 3 is configured to automatically call the observation station 1 and automatically collect representative value data (in some cases, all earthquake data). The automatic dialing section in this case is included in the operation section 303.

As is clear from the above explanation with reference to the embodiments, in the present invention, earthquake data is accumulated at the observation station in three ways: all earthquake data and representative value data, so (A) observation when an earthquake occurs; Since representative value data is sent from the station to the data collection station in a short time required for transmission, earthquake data from a large number of observed points can be collected in a short time.

(B) Capture of the telephone line for automatic transmission of seismic data is limited to when an earthquake occurs, and since the transmission time of representative value data is extremely shorter than the transmission time of all seismic data, the acquisition time of the telephone line is short. This improves the efficiency of using communication lines and reduces communication costs.

(C) Since it is only necessary to extract and store representative earthquake data in the representative value memory, a large amount of earthquake data can be accumulated and retained at the observation station even if the capacity of the representative value memory is relatively small.

(D) Since a representative value memory is provided and a large amount of earthquake data is stored, the storage of all earthquake data may be small, and the total data memory can be configured with a small capacity.

(E) Since the observation station can be constructed with a relatively small memory capacity due to the above (C) and (D), the observation station can be constructed at low cost.

The present invention has extremely significant effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a system diagram showing the conventional earthquake observation network;
The figure is a system diagram showing an earthquake observation network according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is a block diagram of an earthquake data collection system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figures 4A to C are seismic waves and their transmission to earthquake data. It is a graph explaining processing processing. 1,11-1n...Observation station, 3...Data collection station, 101...Sensor, 103...All data memory, 104...Representative value memory, 106,301...
... Line connection section, 107 ... Automatic dialing section, 30
3...Operation unit, 108, 306...Control unit, 9...
...exchanged (subscribed telephone) line network.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In an earthquake observation system in which seismic data detected by a remote observation station is collected at a data collection station via a switched line network, when an earthquake occurs, the observation station collects all seismic data related to the earthquake. The data collection station is automatically called from the observation station and the representative value of the earthquake data is automatically sent from the observation station to the data collection station, and the data is collected as necessary. An earthquake data collection method that allows the data collection station to collect all of the above seismic data by calling the observation station from the station. 2. The earthquake data collection method according to claim 1, wherein the representative value of the earthquake data is at least one of the arrival time, duration, maximum amplitude, and maximum amplitude arrival time of the generated seismic wave. 3. The earthquake data collection method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the automatic transmission of earthquake data (representative values) from an observation station is performed immediately after an earthquake subsides. 4. The earthquake data collection method according to claim 3, wherein the automatic transmission start time of earthquake data (representative values) from observation stations is made different for each observation station.