JPS6342049B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an improvement in the structure of an excavator that excavates a hole underground.

[Background technology]

In the case of a conventional excavator, an excavating blade that excavates by rotation of the excavating shaft is simply provided at the lower end of the excavating shaft that is rotationally driven. For this reason, when excavating relatively soft ground, it is possible to excavate with just the excavator blade, but there is a drawback that if the excavation blade hits hard ground such as rock, the excavation cannot be done smoothly.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the object of the present invention is that when the rock hits hard ground such as rock, the rock is formed by the rock bit of the rock rock device, and the hard ground is heated. To provide an excavator capable of smoothly excavating hard ground by drilling a large hole with an eccentric bit by driving the bit while rotating the excavation shaft. It is in.

[Disclosure of the invention]

The excavator of the present invention is provided with a drilling blade 2 that excavates by rotation of the excavation shaft 1 at the lower end of the excavation shaft 1 which is rotatably driven, and the rock bit 4 of the rock rock device 3 attached to the excavation shaft 1 is inserted into the lower end of the excavation shaft 1. At the same time, the axis of the rock bit 4 is eccentric to the axis of the excavation shaft 1, and the edge of the excavation blade 2 located on the outer periphery of the rock bit 4 is moved toward the axis of the excavation shaft 1 toward the tip. This invention is characterized by having a scratching blade 2a that is inclined at an angle, and by configuring it as described above, the drawbacks of the conventional example are solved. In other words, by attaching the rock drill device 3 to the excavation shaft 1 and arranging the rock drill bit 4 at the lower end of the excavation shaft 1, it is possible to excavate the rock in hard ground. The drilled rock bit 4 is rotatably driven to perform drilling, and the hole excavated by the rock bit 4 can be enlarged in diameter using a scratching blade 2a.

The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to Examples. Reference numeral 1 denotes a hollow pipe-shaped excavation shaft which is vertically long, and screw portions 5 and stirring blade portions 6 are vertically and alternately arranged on the outer periphery of the excavator shaft 1. The screw portion 5 and the stirring blade portion 6 are not limited to the shape shown in the figure, but may have any shape, and may be only the screw portion 5 or only the stirring blade portion 6, and furthermore, the screw portion 5 and the stirring blade portion 6 may be formed. may be placed anywhere on the outer periphery of the excavation shaft 1. In this embodiment, two excavation shafts 1 are arranged in parallel. The excavation shaft 1 may be a plurality of two or more installed in parallel, or a single excavation shaft 1. A stirring shaft 7 is provided between the excavation shaft 1 and the excavation shaft 1.
is arranged, and a stirring mixing blade 8 is arranged on the outer periphery of the stirring shaft 7.
is provided. The upper parts of the excavation shaft 1 and the stirring shaft 7 are attached to a multi-shaft device 9, so that the rotation of the rotating device A is transmitted to each of the excavation shaft 1 and the stirring shaft 7 by the multi-shaft device 9. The lower end of the pipe-shaped excavation shaft 1 is closed, and an excavation blade 2 is attached to the outer periphery of the lower end of the excavation shaft 1. In addition, the lower part of the excavation shaft 1 has the excavation shaft 1
A chisel rock device 3 is installed internally with a gap between them, and a chisel rock bit 4 of the chisel rock device 3 is made to protrude downward from the lower end of the excavation shaft 1. Such chisel rock bit 4
The rock drilling device 3 is mounted eccentrically with respect to the axis of the excavation shaft 1. Further, the cutting blade 2 located on the outer periphery of the chiseled rock bit 4 is inclined in the axial direction of the drilling shaft 1 and serves as a scratching blade 2a. An air supply pipe 10 for supplying air for driving the rock rock device 3 is installed inside the excavation shaft 1 in the vertical direction, and the lower end of the air supply pipe 10 is connected to the rock rock device 3.
A liquid discharge port 11 is provided on the lower outer periphery of the excavation shaft 1, and a liquid such as bentonite, cement milk, or a mixture of cement milk and asphalt emulsion is supplied between the inside of the excavation shaft 1 and the air supply pipe 10. is being discharged. The above-mentioned rock drilling device 3 is constructed as shown in FIG. 4, for example. Reference numeral 12 is a cylinder, and the upper part of the chisel bit 4 is attached to the lower part of the cylinder so as to be movable up and down. Reference numeral 13 denotes a spring that urges the chisel bit 4 upward. A piston 14 for striking the chisel bit 4 is housed inside the cylinder 12 so as to be movable up and down. At the top of the cylinder 12 is an air switching valve 15.
is stored for free seesaw movement. Reference numeral 16 denotes an annular air passage communicating with the air supply pipe 10 and communicating with the air switching valve 15. A first air pressure inlet 17 that communicates with the inside of the upper part of the cylinder 12 is bored at a position corresponding to one end of the air switching valve 15, and a second air pressure inlet 17 is bored at a position corresponding to the other end of the air switching valve 15. A pressure inlet 18 is bored, and a sliding portion 2 of the piston 14 is provided in the wall of the cylinder 12.
An air passage 19 communicating with the lower chamber of No. 3 is bored, and this air passage 19 and the second air pressure inlet 1 are connected to each other.
8 is in communication. Here, 20 in the figure is an air discharge passage communicating with a chamber below the leg portion 21 of the piston 14, and 22 is an exhaust port for discharging air from the upper and lower portions of the piston 14. The operation of this rock device 3 is explained as follows, and the air supply pipe 1
Pressurized air is supplied from 0 to the annular air passage 16. At this time, the air switching valve 15 is tilted so that the right side of the air switching valve 15 is downward.
The air pressure inlet 17 is closed, and the piston 14 is pushed upward by air flowing in from the second air pressure inlet 18 through the air passage 19. Further, when the piston 14 reaches just before the top dead center, the pressure above the piston 14 becomes higher than the supply pressure, and the air switching valve 15 reverses so that the left side of the air switching valve 15 becomes downward. Therefore, air is press-fitted into the upper part of the piston 14 from the first air pressure inlet 17 as shown by the arrow α in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5, the piston 14 descends while the air below the piston 14 is discharged from the air discharge path 20, and as shown in FIG. 4 is struck and the rock object to be chiseled is chiseled with chisel bit 4. Then, when the piston 14 is lowered, the exhaust port 22 is opened as shown by the arrow γ in FIG. 5b.
The air above the piston 14 is discharged from the piston 14, while the air below the sliding part 23 of the piston 14 is discharged from the
As shown by the arrow δ, the second
Air is supplied to the air pressure inlet 18 and the air switching valve 15
is reversed, and the second air pressure inlet 18 is opened. As a result, as shown by the arrow ε in FIG. The piston 14 is pushed up by the reaction force and the air, and when the piston 14 reaches the upper part as shown in FIG.
is reversed. In this way, the piston 14
Since the chisel rock bit 4 is struck while repeatedly moving up and down in the order shown in Figures a, b, c, and d, it is possible to chisel the rock to be chiseled with the chisel rock bit 4. The air exhaust port 22 may be opened in the excavation shaft 1, but if it is difficult to exhaust the air into the excavation shaft 1, the air supply pipe 10
Another air exhaust pipe may be provided in parallel to the air for exhausting the air. In addition, 25 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a connecting device that connects the excavation shaft 1 and the stirring shaft 7, and is designed to prevent the distance between the excavation shaft 1 and the stirring shaft 7 from expanding or contracting. It's getting old. Connecting device 25
is composed of a plurality of bearing parts 26 and a plate-shaped part 27 connecting the bearing parts 26, and the bearing parts 26 are loosely fitted to the excavation shaft 1 to the stirring shaft 7, respectively, so as to be freely rotatable. In FIGS. 1 and 2, 28 is a crawler crane, and 29 is a steady rest device, which is attached to the lower part of the rail 30 of the crawler crane 28. is going up and down.

Next, the operation of the excavator configured as described above will be explained. First, the rotating device A is rotated to excavate with the excavating blade 2 at the tip of the excavating shaft 1. In this case, bentonite is spouted from the liquid discharge port 11 to facilitate excavation. Further, as the excavation is carried out, the excavated earth and sand is raised upward to a certain extent by the screw part 5, and here the excavated earth and sand is uniformly stirred by the stirring blade part 6 and the stirring mixing blade 8. When the excavation shaft 1 excavates to a predetermined depth, instead of bentonite, a liquid such as cement milk or a mixture of cement milk and asphalt emulsion is ejected and extracted while moving the excavation shaft 1 and stirring shaft 7 up and down. go. In this case, the excavated earth and sand are transferred upward together with the liquid by the screw part 5, and above the screw part 5, the stirring blade part 6
The excavated earth and sand and the liquid are stirred and mixed by the stirring blade part 6 and the stirring mixing blade 8, and the excavated earth and the liquid which have been stirred and mixed by the stirring blade part 6 and the stirring mixing blade 8 are further transferred to the next screw part 5. and then transferred upward to the next stirring blade section 6.
The mixture is stirred and mixed again by the stirring and mixing blades 8.
Here, the earth and sand on the outer periphery of the portion of the stirring shaft 7 where the stirring mixing blades 8 are not provided is lifted upward by the screw portions 5 provided on the excavating shafts 1 on both sides.
In this way, the mixture of liquid and excavated earth and sand is prevented from separating, or only those with heavy specific gravity are prevented from accumulating at the bottom. As described above, the inside of the excavated hole with a rectangular cross section is converted into soil cement or soil cement asphalt by mixing excavated soil and liquid, and the excavation shaft 1 and stirring shaft 7 are removed to form a soil cement column with a rectangular cross section. or soil cement asphalt columns are formed. By the way, when the ground is relatively soft and the ground is relatively soft, the excavator blade 2 can dig by rotating the excavator shaft 1, but when it hits hard ground such as rock, the excavator blade 2 cannot excavate smoothly.
At this time, the chisel bit 4 of the chisel rock device 3 is driven, the chisel rock bit 4 excavates the rock, and the excavation blade 2 excavates the rock. When drilling with the rock drill bit 4, the drilling shaft 1 is rotationally driven, and the rock rock bit 4, which is eccentric to the axis of the drilling shaft 1, drills the rock while being rotationally driven, and a large hole is excavated. In this way, the hole formed in the chiseled rock of the chiseled rock bit 4 is scratched by the scratching blade 2a to further expand its diameter and be excavated.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which there is only one excavation shaft 1, and the upper end of one excavation shaft 1 is connected to the rotating device A.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the present invention is provided with a digging blade that excavates by rotating the excavating shaft at the lower end of the excavating shaft that is rotationally driven. The chisel bit of the chisel rock device attached to the rock is placed at the lower end of the excavation shaft, so when it hits hard ground such as bedrock, the chisel bit of the chisel rock device is driven and the chisel can be drilled even on hard ground. It can be split, drilled with a chisel bit, and excavated with a drilling blade.Moreover, the axis of the chisel bit is eccentric to the axis of the excavation shaft, so the drilling shaft can be rotated while being driven. By driving an eccentric chisel rock bit, it is possible to more smoothly excavate hard ground where large diameter holes can be drilled using chisel rock.Furthermore, the cutting blade located on the outer periphery of the chisel rock bit is moved closer to the tip of the chisel rock bit. Since the scratching blade is inclined in the direction of the axis of the excavation shaft, the diameter of the hole can be further expanded by scratching the hole made with the chisel bit with the scratching blade. It is also possible to drill a large hole and smoothly excavate with a drilling blade, thereby improving excavation performance.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a partially cutaway side view of the same, Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of the same excavation shaft, and Fig. 4 5 is a cross-sectional view of the same rock device, FIGS. 5 a, b, c, and d are explanatory diagrams showing the operation of the same rock device, and FIG. 6 is a partially cutaway front view of another embodiment of the same. 1 is a drilling shaft, 2 is a drilling blade, 3 is a rock device, and 4 is a rock bit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A drilling blade that excavates by the rotation of the drilling shaft is provided at the lower end of the rotationally driven drilling shaft, and a rock bit of a rock device attached to the drilling shaft is arranged at the lower end of the drilling shaft and at the center of the shaft of the drilling shaft. On the other hand, the axial center of the chisel rock bit is made eccentric, and the cutting blade located on the outer periphery of the chisel rock bit is formed as a scratching blade whose tip is inclined toward the axis of the chisel shaft. Machine.