JPS6342756B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6342756B2 JPS6342756B2 JP56121794A JP12179481A JPS6342756B2 JP S6342756 B2 JPS6342756 B2 JP S6342756B2 JP 56121794 A JP56121794 A JP 56121794A JP 12179481 A JP12179481 A JP 12179481A JP S6342756 B2 JPS6342756 B2 JP S6342756B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reception
- gain
- preamplifiers
- preamplifier
- scanning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/523—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/526—Receivers
- G01S7/529—Gain of receiver varied automatically during pulse-recurrence period
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明はスキヤンニングソーナーの受信方法に
関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a scanning sonar reception method.
スキヤンニングソーナーで魚群などを探知する
場合、反射体のエコーの強さは探知距離の−２〜
−４乗に比例して変化するから、遠近の距離に、
かつ広範囲に亘つて存在する魚群の反射の強さを
比較するに当つては、適正な距離補償用のタイム
バリアブルゲインコントロール（一般にTVGと
略称）を必要とする。 When detecting schools of fish with a scanning sonar, the strength of the echo from the reflector is between -2 and the detection distance.
It changes in proportion to the -4th power, so distances near and far,
In addition, when comparing the strength of reflections from schools of fish that exist over a wide range, time variable gain control (generally abbreviated as TVG) for appropriate distance compensation is required.
とくに漁業用ソーナーでは、対象とするエコー
自体の強弱の巾が広い、すなわち魚群には大小が
あり、また魚体も大小さまざまであり、海底の底
質も色々と異なり、かつその形状も一様でないか
ら、これ等から帰来するエコーの強弱は、距離が
同じ場合でも巾広く変化する。 In particular, with fishing sonar, the target echoes themselves have a wide range of strengths and weaknesses; schools of fish are large and small, fish bodies also vary in size, and the bottom quality of the sea floor varies, and its shape is not uniform. Therefore, the strength of the echoes returned from these objects varies widely even when the distance is the same.
したがつてこれ等の変化に富んだ多くのエコー
を忠実にブラウン管に表示するには、ブラウン管
のダイナミツクレンジが広くないから、受信の際
にエコーの強弱に対応して巾広く変化するTVG
を用いて処理することが必要である。 Therefore, in order to faithfully display these many varied echoes on a cathode ray tube, the dynamic range of the cathode ray tube is not wide.
It is necessary to process using
そこで現状をみると、受信系は第１図のブロツ
ダイヤグラムの如く構成されている。図に於て
TD：円形配列された送受波器素子
PA：前置増巾器
ATT：減衰器（TVG用）
SW：スイツチ（受信ビーム走査用）
PS１：移相器（受信ビーム形成用）
PS２： 〃 （ 〃 ）
ATT２：利得調整器
Ａ２：増巾器
CRT：ブラウン管表示器
TVG／Ｅ：TVGコントロール用電圧
＃１、２…＃ｎ：１〜ｎチヤンネルの受信系
＃１…＃ｍ：受信ビームの切換スイツチ（矢印Ｓ
の方向に高速切換え）
であり、動作は次の通りである。 Looking at the current situation, the receiving system is constructed as shown in the block diagram of FIG. In the figure, TD: Transducer/receiver elements arranged in a circular pattern PA: Preamplifier ATT: Attenuator (for TVG) SW: Switch (for receiving beam scanning) PS1: Phase shifter (for receiving beam forming) PS2 : 〃 ( 〃 ) ATT2: Gain adjuster A2: Amplifier CRT: Cathode ray tube display TVG/E: TVG control voltage #1, 2...#n: Receiving system for 1 to n channels #1...#m: Reception Beam selector switch (arrow S
The operation is as follows.
円形配列された送受波器素子TD（＃１〜＃ｎ）
にエコー群が到来すると、それぞれ前置増巾器
PA群で増巾されたあと、減衰器ATT群でそれぞ
れ刻々に適宜な受信レベルになるように減衰制御
される。時間の経過に伴う受信利得の変化、すな
わちTVG特性を定性的に示すと第２図の通りで
あり、Gmaxは最大利得、Gminは最小利得、
OTxは送信時間である。次に円形配列された送
受波器素子に就て、隣接した適宜の数だけ組合せ
（図では４個）で形成された受波器は、移相器PS
１及びPS２で位相が補正され、尖鋭な受波ビー
ムを形成する。次いでスイツチSWによつて矢印
Ｓの方向に送受波器素子は一つづゝ順送りに切換
えられ、受信ビームは探索領域を順次に走査す
る。この場合受信ビームの走査は、ブラウン管表
示器CRTのスパイラル掃引角度（これは方位に
相当）と同期して行われる。 Circularly arranged transducer elements TD (#1 to #n)
When a group of echoes arrives, each preamplifier
After being amplified by the PA group, the attenuation is controlled by the attenuator ATT group so that each signal reaches an appropriate reception level every moment. Figure 2 qualitatively shows the change in reception gain over time, that is, the TVG characteristics, where Gmax is the maximum gain, Gmin is the minimum gain,
OTx is transmission time. Next, regarding the circularly arranged transducer elements, a receiver formed by combining an appropriate number of adjacent transducer elements (four in the figure) is a phase shifter PS.
1 and PS2, the phase is corrected to form a sharp receiving beam. Next, the transducer elements are sequentially switched one by one in the direction of arrow S by the switch SW, and the receiving beam sequentially scans the search area. In this case, the scanning of the receiving beam is performed in synchronization with the spiral sweep angle (this corresponds to the azimuth) of the cathode ray tube display CRT.
スイツチSWにより取り出された方位別の信号
は、利得調整器ATT２で全体の受信利得調整が
手動で行なわれ、そのあと増巾器Ａ２で増巾され
ブラウン管表示器CRTにPPI表示される。 The overall reception gain of the azimuth-specific signals taken out by the switch SW is manually adjusted by the gain adjuster ATT2, and then amplified by the amplifier A2 and displayed in PPI on the cathode ray tube display CRT.
第３図は、前段の減衰器ATTの切換例を示す
もので、R11…とR21…は減衰用素子抵抗、TR1，
TR2…は減衰切換用FET（電界効果トランジス
タ）、E1，E2…は減衰切換用制御電圧（第１図の
TVG／Ｅに相当）であり、適宜の時刻Tn＋1、
Tn＋2…毎に制御電圧E1，E2…を順次に印加し、
細かく階段状に利得を変え、結果として第２図に
示した通りのTVG特性を得る。 Figure 3 shows an example of switching the attenuator ATT in the previous stage, where R 11 ... and R 21 ... are attenuation element resistances, TR 1 ,
TR 2 ... is an attenuation switching FET (field effect transistor), E 1 , E 2 ... is an attenuation switching control voltage (see Fig. 1).
(equivalent to TVG/E), and the appropriate time Tn+ 1 ,
Sequentially apply control voltages E 1 , E 2 ... for each Tn + 2 ...,
The gain is varied stepwise in fine steps, resulting in the TVG characteristics shown in Figure 2.
ここに減衰器ATTの切換えに伴つて発生する
スイツチングノイズが、受信ビーム走査用スイツ
チSWを介して、ｍチヤンネル分が常時、信号回
線に混入し雑音妨害を生ずるから、走査用SW以
降の利得を充分に高くすることができない、その
ため前置増巾器PAの利得を高くする。したがつ
て強いエコーは前置増巾器PAの内で飽和し、ブ
ラウン管にはエコーの強度に比例する忠実な映像
が得られない。 The switching noise generated when the attenuator ATT is switched is constantly mixed into the signal line for m channels through the receive beam scanning switch SW, causing noise disturbance, so the gain after the scanning switch is cannot be made high enough, so the gain of the preamplifier PA is increased. Therefore, the strong echo saturates the preamplifier PA, and the cathode ray tube cannot provide a faithful image proportional to the echo intensity.
本発明はかゝる欠点を除くもので、以下に実施
の一例に基づいて説明する。 The present invention eliminates such drawbacks and will be described below based on an example of implementation.
第４図は実施例のブロツクダイヤグラム、第５
図はビームフオーミングとTVGの作動に関する
時間関係を示す図である。 Figure 4 is a block diagram of the embodiment, Figure 5 is a block diagram of the embodiment.
The figure shows the time relationship between beamforming and TVG operation.
第４図において、第１図と同一のユニツトは同
一の符号を附してあり、第１図と異なる点は、減
衰器ATTをグループ別に構成（図はATT−Ａと
ATT−Ｂ及びATT−Ｃの３グループの例）し、
各グループ毎にTVGの制御電圧TVG／EA〜
TVG／ECを印加する点である。 In FIG. 4, the same units as in FIG.
Example of 3 groups ATT-B and ATT-C)
TVG control voltage TVG/E A ~ for each group
This is the point where TVG/ EC is applied.
なおグループの単位は、グループを構成する送
受波器TDを何個か組合せることにより、予定の
受波ビームを形成することを念頭に置いて決めれ
ばよい。図の例は６個で一つのグループをつくつ
た場合を示したものである。 Note that the unit of the group may be determined keeping in mind that a planned reception beam will be formed by combining several transducers TD constituting the group. The example in the figure shows a case where one group is made up of six items.
第５図で〇印を附した部分は、各グループ毎の
ビームフオーム作動をしている時間帯で、●印は
各グループに対して、tA、tB及びtCの時点で制御
電圧が印加され、TVGが作動している部分であ
り、図でみる通り、各グループのTVGは、それ
ぞれビームフオーミング作動をしていない時間帯
に行なわれ、したがつて切換による雑音は映像と
は切り離されるから、従来みられた欠点が除かれ
る。 The parts marked with ○ in Fig. 5 are the time periods during which the beamform is activated for each group, and the marks with ● indicate the control voltage at times t A , t B , and t C for each group. As shown in the figure, each group's TVG is performed during the time when beamforming is not activated, so the noise caused by switching is separated from the video. This eliminates the drawbacks seen in the past.
第１図はソーナーの受信系ブロツク図。
TD：円形配列の送受波器素子、PA：前置増
巾器、ATT：減衰器、SW：スイツチ、PS１：
移相器、PS２：移相器、Ａ２：増巾器、CRT：
ブラウン管表示器。
第２図はTVG特性の例。第３図は、第１図に
示したATTの切換例。
R11……：減衰用切換素子、TR1……：FET。
第４図は本発明の実施例のブロツク図。第５図
は作動説明図。
Figure 1 is a block diagram of the sonar reception system. TD: Circular array transducer element, PA: Preamplifier, ATT: Attenuator, SW: Switch, PS1:
Phase shifter, PS2: Phase shifter, A2: Amplifier, CRT:
CRT display. Figure 2 shows an example of TVG characteristics. Figure 3 is an example of switching the ATT shown in Figure 1. R11 ...: Attenuation switching element, T R1 ...: FET. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the operation.
Claims (1)
波器を形成し、探知せんとする方向全域に亘つて
同時に超音波を送出すると共に、任意個数の送受
波器素子を組合わせて鋭い受信ビームをつくり、
該ビームを高速度で旋回走査しながら反射体から
の反響信号を受信し、反射体の方向と距離をブラ
ウン管に表示するスキヤンニングソーナーにおい
て、複数個ずつよりなる前置増巾器が、複数個の
グループに分割構成されており、各グループに含
まれる複数の前置増巾器の利得制御時刻が、ビー
ムフオーミングの行われない時間帯にあり、かつ
受信ビームの旋回走査の繰り返し周期と同期し、
適宜選択する時間帯にあるように設定され、前置
増巾器の受信利得が、受信時に階段的かつ経時的
に切り換え制御されることを特徴とするスキヤニ
ングソーナーの受信方法。1 A transducer is formed by arranging a plurality of transducer elements in a cylindrical shape, and transmits ultrasonic waves simultaneously over the entire range of directions to be detected. Create a receiving beam,
In a scanning sonar that receives echo signals from a reflector while rotating and scanning the beam at high speed, and displays the direction and distance of the reflector on a cathode ray tube, a plurality of preamplifiers each consisting of a plurality of preamplifiers are used. The gain control time of the multiple preamplifiers included in each group is in a time period in which beamforming is not performed, and is synchronized with the repetition period of the receiving beam rotation scan. death,
A reception method for a scanning sonar, characterized in that the reception gain of a preamplifier is set to be in an appropriately selected time period, and the reception gain of a preamplifier is switched and controlled stepwise and over time during reception.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12179481A JPS5822979A (en) | 1981-08-05 | 1981-08-05 | Receiveng method of scanning sonar |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12179481A JPS5822979A (en) | 1981-08-05 | 1981-08-05 | Receiveng method of scanning sonar |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5822979A JPS5822979A (en) | 1983-02-10 |
| JPS6342756B2 true JPS6342756B2 (en) | 1988-08-25 |
Family
ID=14820066
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP12179481A Granted JPS5822979A (en) | 1981-08-05 | 1981-08-05 | Receiveng method of scanning sonar |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5822979A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS61292581A (en) * | 1985-06-20 | 1986-12-23 | Furuno Electric Co Ltd | Agc apparatus for underwater detector |
| JPH01185470A (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1989-07-25 | Nec Corp | Sonar apparatus |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5415770A (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1979-02-05 | Furuno Electric Co | Widely detectable sonar with automatic gain control circuit |
| JPS5465568A (en) * | 1977-11-02 | 1979-05-26 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | Ultrasonic system object detector |
-
1981
- 1981-08-05 JP JP12179481A patent/JPS5822979A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5822979A (en) | 1983-02-10 |
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