JPS6343265B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention particularly relates to a mechanism for supporting an axle in the structure of a bogie for a railway vehicle.

(Prior art) Conventionally, in a multi-axle bogie represented by a railway vehicle, a side beam with a length longer than the longest wheelbase is provided as a structure to support the axle, and the side beams are connected at the center to form a bogie frame. On the other hand, the axle box installed at the end of the axle and the side beam are connected via an elastic body such as a spring, and the load acting on the bogie is mainly applied to the axle box in the vertical direction from the side beam. Most of the methods were to make it work.

For this reason, the length of the side beams is inevitably longer than the longest axial distance, which increases the size of the bogie and increases its weight, which limits the ability to improve performance by reducing size and weight.

As a means of solving this problem, we installed an axle beam that connects the central part of the side beam and the axle box to share the force in the front and rear directions, and placed the elastic body at an angle to share the load in the vertical direction. Therefore, attempts have been made to reduce the length of the side beams. Examples of this method include Japanese Patent Publication No. 31-6662 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 113117-1982.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, these prior art techniques have the following problems.

First, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 31-6662, an elastic body is inside the side beam, and a branched arm attached to the shaft beam pushes the spring, which is the elastic body. Moreover, since the branch arm branches from the shaft beam, when a load is applied to the truck, a vertical bending force is applied to the shaft beam, and at the same time, the branch arm is also subjected to bending stress. For this reason, the shaft beam and branch arms require increased strength, which increases their weight.

Generally, reducing the unsprung weight of a vehicle improves the vibration characteristics of the vehicle, but this method actually increases the weight. In addition, the wheel load is converted to a spring pushing force, but the magnitude is given as a moment around the pin that connects the shaft beam to the side beam, so unless a special design is made, the spring pushing force is generally applied to the applied load. becomes extremely large. For this reason, the spring constant has to be increased, which causes the spring to become stiffer, resulting in problems such as the inability to improve riding comfort.

On the other hand, in JP-A No. 54-113117, the shaft beam is downwardly sloped due to its structural constraints, and the center of the axle must be below the center of the connecting pin between the shaft beam and the side beam. Therefore, when a longitudinal force is applied to the shaft beam, the shaft beam will buckle, and in order to withstand this, it is necessary to improve the strength of the shaft beam, which increases its weight.

Moreover, since a damping force due to friction acts on the axle moving up and down between the center of the axle and the center of the coupling pin, buckling of the one-way axle beam is promoted. Furthermore, as the rubber used as the shaft spring rolls back and forth in accordance with the arcuate movement of the shaft beam, the load point of the shaft beam in the vertical direction changes constantly, as stated in the specification. Since this generates a vertical bending force on the shaft beam, it ends up being the same as the former method, and does not contribute to the intended purpose of reducing size and weight.

(Means for Solving the Problems) This invention has been made to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and the first invention is as follows:
a side beam; and a first shaft connected to one end of the side beam by a first shaft.
an axle box rigidly coupled to the other end of the first member, and a second member coupled to the other end of the side beam by a second shaft and to the axle box by a third shaft. and the second member includes an elastic body, and the line connecting the axle center of the axle box and the center of the first shaft can vary in the loaded state when the truck is in a steady loaded state. with the center of the second axis being the apex, the center of the third axis being on a line connecting the center of the axle and the center of the second axis, and the center of the second axis and the axle being The axle box support device is arranged such that the line connecting the center is oblique, that is, the angle between the connecting line and the line connecting the center of the axle and the center of the first shaft forms an acute angle.

Further, a second invention provides a side beam, a first member coupled to one end of the side beam by a shaft, an axle box rigidly coupled to the other end of the first member, and the axle box and the side beam. and a second member provided between the other end of the beam, the second member including an elastic body, and the center of the axle of the axle box and the center of the shaft in a steady loading state of the truck. a line connecting them is horizontal within a range that can vary depending on the loaded state, the other end of the side beam is the apex, the center line of the second member passes through the center of the axle, and a perpendicular line passes between the center line and the center of the axle. The intersection point with the second member is approximately at the center of the elastic body, and the center line of the second member is oblique, that is, the angle between the center line and the line connecting the center of the axle and the center of the shaft forms an acute angle. This is an axle box support device arranged to

(Operation) Next, the operation of this invention will be explained. In the first and second inventions, the first member, the second member, and the side beam are configured in a triangular shape centered on the axle center and the first and second axes. As a result, the length of the side beam becomes less than the longest wheelbase, making it possible to reduce the size and weight.

Since the first member is arranged almost horizontally and the second member is arranged diagonally, in a steady state, the first member has a tensile force, the second member has a compressive force, and the side beam has a downward sag. A bending moment acts in the direction. A tensile or compressive force is also applied to the first member in the horizontal direction due to the driving force or braking force of the truck, but in normal cases, the force is 1/5 of the tensile force that acts in a steady state.
Since it is as small as ~1/10, tensile stress continues to act on the first member, and there is no need to consider buckling or bending in the vertical direction.

On the other hand, since compressive force acts on the second member in any case, consideration must be given to buckling.
Since the structure includes an elastic body, this member can function to follow vertical vibrations of the vehicle. If the second member is configured so that the entire second member does not buckle, its both ends may be axially connected. If there is a risk of buckling, both ends may be connected by a surface in addition to the shaft to achieve the desired result. The purpose can be achieved.

(Example) Figures 1 to 3 relate to the first invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram relating to the second invention.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, the side beam 1 of the bogie supports a car body 8 with a pillow spring 7 at its center. There is a first member 3 connected to one end A of the shaft through a first shaft 19, and this first member 3 is rigidly connected to the axle box 5.

The other end B of the side beam 1 has a second shaft 24, and the axle box 5 also has a third shaft 25, and these two shafts 2
It is connected to the second member at 4 and 25. The center 26 of the axle 4 of the axle box and the first and second axles 19, 24
Each center is a line 3a that forms the vertex of each triangle and connects the axle center 26 and the center of the first shaft 19.
should be approximately horizontal when the trolley is under steady loading conditions. At this time, the center of the third shaft 25 is configured on the line 2a connecting the center of the second shaft 24 and the axle center 26.

In such a configuration, when the wheel 6 and the side beam 1 move up and down relative to each other, the first member 3 integrated with the axle box 5 rotates about the first shaft 19.
At this time, the second member 2 must necessarily expand and contract, but since this member includes an elastic body, it can absorb such movement.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the second member 2, in which an elastic body 16 is provided between the inner shaft 14 and the outer cylinder 15, and the inner shaft has a slightly tapered shape, and the outer cylinder also has this shape. It is shaped like a deep and narrow cylinder to correspond to the shape of the cylinder.

When a compressive force is applied to this second member 2, the elastic body 16 receives a shearing force in the left-right direction in the figure, and absorbs this as internal stress. As the compressive force increases, the distance between the outer cylinder 15 and the inner shaft 14 becomes smaller, so the elastic body 16 is also subjected to the compressive force in the radial direction, and its spring constant, that is, resistance force against deformation and buckling, gradually increases. It works like this.

The inner shaft 14 is provided with an end metal 18, and the outer cylinder 15 is provided with an end metal 17.
It is connected to the other end of the axle box 5 and the side beam 1 by. Since the second member 2 is axially coupled, it is necessary to consider buckling, but the relationship between the inner shaft 14 and the outer cylinder 15 is that they overlap deeply enough, and the elastic body 16 provided between them has sufficient resistance. Since buckling occurs, buckling can be prevented.
Further, as the axle box moves up and down, the center of the third shaft 25 may deviate from the line 2a, but this amount is extremely small and can be ignored in a normal truck.

On the other hand, when driving force or braking force acts on the bogie, the first
A horizontal compressive force may act on the member 3 of Therefore, the first member can be designed ignoring buckling due to compression and bending force in the vertical direction. As a result, the members can be made smaller and lighter, and vehicle performance is improved, especially by reducing the unsprung weight. Furthermore, since an elastic body can be incorporated into the second member, the structure of the entire truck can be simplified.
Maintenance is also easier.

4 and 5, the configuration of the first member is the first
This invention is the same as the invention described above, but the configuration of the second member is different. The second member 2 includes an elastic body 16, but in this embodiment, since the elastic bodies 16a are stacked in many layers, buckling may occur due to the action of compressive force. Therefore, the second member 2 does not use a shaft to connect with the other ends B of the side beams at both ends thereof and the axle box 5.

In FIG. 4, it is fixed by being brought into contact with a surface perpendicular to line XX, and by appropriately designing its dimensions, buckling can be prevented and slight bending deformation can be tolerated.

The bending deformation referred to here means that the total length of the elastic body of the second member changes depending on the amount of vertical movement δ ₁ and δ ₂ of the axle box, so that the center line a-a in the compression direction changes from a-b or a -c. Since this portion a-b or a-c is constituted by the elastic body 16a, its shape is close to a circular arc, and therefore a substantially constant bending moment is generated in the elastic body 16a over its entire length.

Here, it is preferable to set the intersection point d of the perpendicular line Y-Y passing through the center of the axis 19 with respect to the line XX passing through the center of the elastic body 16a so as to be approximately at the center of the elastic body 16a. The reason for this is that when the axle box moves up and down around the axis 19, the point where the line X ₁ -X ₁ or X ₂ -X ₂ intersects with Because it can be achieved. FIG. 5 shows this relationship, where the total length h+h ¹ of the elastic body 16a
It is preferable to set h≒h ¹ . In this way, according to the first and second inventions, the configuration of any elastic body can be freely selected.

FIG. 6 is applicable to both the first and second inventions, and is one example of the state in which the shaft 19 is connected. Here, the side beam 1 and the first member 3 are connected by bolts 23
The bushing 21 is press-fitted into the first member 3, the cylindrical vibration isolating rubber 20 provided inside the bushing 21, and the bushing 22 with a flange for receiving lateral pressure in the left and right direction engages with the bushing 21. The side beams 1 do not slide or rotate relative to each other, and the vertical movement of the axle box 5 is absorbed by the torsional deformation of the cylindrical vibration isolating rubber 20.

This prevents wear from occurring when the shaft slides, and this configuration is possible because the amount of rotation of the first member is not so large. Furthermore, even if there is a difference in the left and right vertical displacement of the wheels 6, this movement can be sufficiently absorbed because the vibration isolating rubber 20 is interposed.

(Effects of the Invention) According to this invention, since the axle box support device is configured in a triangular shape by the side beam, the first member, and the second member, (1) the side beam is made smaller than the longest wheelbase length; Lighter weight can be achieved.

(2) No vertical bending force acts on the first member;
Since there is no need to take buckling into account, the size and weight of the vehicle can be reduced accordingly, and vehicle performance can also be improved.

(3) Since the elastic body can be incorporated into the second member, the overall structure of the truck is simplified, and maintenance is also facilitated because only this part needs to be removed.

(4) In the first invention, the second member can be coupled by an axis, and in the second invention, the second member can be coupled by surface contact.

The configuration of the elastic body can be changed freely, and the applicability is widened.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of the first invention in the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the one shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the second member;
The figure is a side view showing an embodiment of the second invention in the present invention, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the movement in FIG. 4, and FIG. FIG. 1... Side beam, 2... Second member, 2a, 3a,
X-X, _X1 - _X1 , _X2 - _X2 , Y-Y... line, 3...
...First member, 4... Axle, 5... Axle box, 6...
Wheel, 7... Pillow spring, 8... Vehicle body, 14...
Inner shaft, 15...outer cylinder, 16, 16a...elastic body,
17, 18...Front metal, 19...First shaft, 20...
... Cylindrical anti-vibration rubber, 21 ... Bush, 22 ... Bush with flange, 23 ... Bolt, 24 ... Second shaft, 25 ... Third shaft, 26 ... Axle center, A ...
...one end, B...the other end.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A side beam, a first member connected to one end of the side beam by a first shaft, an axle box rigidly connected to the other end of the first member, and a side beam of the side beam. a second member connected to the other end by a second shaft and connected to the axle box by a third shaft, the second member including an elastic body, and in a steady loading state of the truck, A line connecting the axle center of the axle box and the center of the first shaft is horizontal within a range that can vary depending on the loaded state, the center of the second shaft is the apex, and the center of the third shaft is the apex. Provided on a line connecting the center of the axle and the center of the second shaft, and the line connecting the center of the second shaft and the center of the axle is oblique, that is, the connecting line and the center of the center of the axle and the first shaft An axle box support device characterized in that the axle box support device is arranged so that an angle formed with a line connecting the two lines forms an acute angle. 2. The shaft according to claim 1, wherein the first member and the side beam are connected by bolts through a bushing, a cylindrical vibration isolating rubber, and a flanged bushing so as not to be able to rotate and slide. Box support device. 3. A side beam, a first member connected to one end of the side beam by a shaft, an axle box rigidly connected to the other end of the first member, and between the axle box and the other end of the side beam. The second
the second member includes an elastic body;
When the truck is in a steady loaded state, the line connecting the center of the axle of the axle box and the center of the shaft is horizontal within a range that can vary in the loaded state, and the other end of the side beam is the apex and the second The center line of the member passes through the center of the axle,
The intersection of the center line and a perpendicular line passing through the center of the shaft is approximately the center of the elastic body, and the center line of the second member is oblique, that is, the center line, the center of the axle, and the center of the shaft An axle box support device characterized in that the axle box support device is arranged so that an angle formed with a line connecting the two forms an acute angle. 4. The shaft according to claim 3, wherein the first member and the side beam are connected by bolts through a pusher, a cylindrical vibration isolator, and a flanged bushing so that they cannot rotate and slide. Box support device.