JPS6343442B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention provides a composite material of a base member and a green compact, particularly a base member having a convex groove or a groove on the joint surface with the green compact. The present invention relates to an apparatus for forming such a composite material.

(Prior Art) A conventional forming device for a composite material in which the base member has a convex groove or a concave groove on the joint surface with the powder compact is disclosed, for example, in JP-A-48-50104. There is something.

This device consists of a lower mold, and an upper mold fixed to the lower mold. A powder filling space is defined in the center of the turbine blades by sandwiching them between the blades, and the powder of metal or ceramic raw material filled in that space is moved toward the lower mold by a punch inserted through the upper mold. By compacting, a compacted powder body that becomes a turbine disk is formed integrally with the turbine blade at a position adjacent to the joint surface of the turbine blade, thereby forming a composite material of the turbine blade and the compacted material. The powder compact thus formed is then sintered to form a metal or ceramic turbine disk and is joined to a turbine blade via its joint surface.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the above-mentioned conventional device, the powder near the protrusions and the central part of the compacted powder are compacted in the extending direction of the protrusions on the joint surface. Although it is possible to compact the powder uniformly, the joint surface of the turbine blade and the upper mold, which define the powder filling space, are each fixed to the lower mold, and the punch is pressed uniformly toward the lower mold. Since the powder is only compacted from the direction, the frictional resistance between the powder and the upper die and between the powder and the joint surface is extremely large, and as a result, the powder compaction is compressed near the lower die, which is separated from the punch. There was a problem that the density was extremely low.

In addition, in the conventional device described above, the base member is held between the lower mold and the upper mold by fixing the upper mold to the lower mold, and then the lower mold and the upper mold are set in the press machine. Powder is filled into the powder filling space inside the compact, and then the punch is lowered toward the lower die based on the operation of the press machine to form a compact, so it takes a long time to form a single composite. Therefore, there was a problem that it was not suitable for mass production.

The present invention provides a device that advantageously solves this problem.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The composite material forming apparatus of the present invention includes: a lower punch fixed to the bed surface of a press machine; a lower auxiliary core rod provided adjacent to the lower punch;
an upper punch fixed to the upper ram of the press machine and facing the lower punch; an upper auxiliary core rod provided adjacent to the upper punch and facing the lower auxiliary core rod; and a lower ram of the press machine. a die that is fixed to the lower ram and surrounds the lower punch and the lower auxiliary core rod so as to be movable up and down relative to them, and allows the upper punch and the upper auxiliary core rod to be inserted; , the metal powder in the powder filling space defined in the die by rising to the upper limit position higher than the lower punch is removed by lowering the upper punch into the die based on the lowering of the upper ram. While the powder is compacted between the upper punch and the lower punch to form a green compact, the lowering of the upper auxiliary core rod based on the lowering of the upper ram creates a gap between the upper auxiliary core rod and the upper auxiliary core rod. , sandwiching a base member having a convex strip or a groove on the joint surface with the powder compact, and placing the base member at a position where the joint surface is adjacent to the powder compact, and connecting the base member and the compact with the powder compact. In an apparatus for forming a composite material integrated with powder, the cross-sectional contour shape of the side surface of the upper auxiliary core rod and the lower auxiliary core rod adjacent to the upper punch and the lower punch, respectively, is adjusted to the joining shape of the base member. the upper auxiliary core rod is movable up and down between a lower limit position where the lower surface thereof is located lower than the lower surface of the upper punch and an upper limit position above the lower limit position; Fitted into a punch, the lower auxiliary core rod can be raised and lowered between an upper limit position where the upper surface thereof is substantially the same height as the upper surface of the die at the upper limit position and a lower limit position below the upper limit position. a lower auxiliary core rod biasing means that is fitted into the lower punch and biases the lower auxiliary core rod upwardly with respect to the lower punch; and biases the upper auxiliary core rod downwardly with respect to the upper punch. and a lower auxiliary core rod which urges the lower auxiliary core rod downward with a larger urging force than the urging force of the lower auxiliary core rod as the upper auxiliary core rod descends. The device is characterized in that it is provided with a push-down means.

(Function) In such a device, the lower auxiliary core rod is
By being biased by the lower auxiliary core rod biasing means and rising to the upper limit position, the upper surface of the lower auxiliary core rod becomes the same height as the upper surface of the die which is also at the upper limit position. The lower punch and the lower auxiliary core rod define a powder filling space in which powder can be easily filled with the powder feeder, and the base member can be easily set onto the upper surface of the lower auxiliary core rod.

After filling the powder filling space with metal powder and setting the base member on the upper surface of the lower auxiliary core rod, when the upper ram is lowered by operation of the press machine, the upper auxiliary core rod is biased by the biasing means. The lower surface of the upper auxiliary core rod at the lowering limit position contacts the base member, and at the same time, the lower auxiliary core rod pressing means pushes down the lower auxiliary core rod against the lower auxiliary core rod biasing means, and the base member While being sandwiched between the auxiliary core rod and the lower auxiliary core rod, before the lower surface of the upper punch reaches the upper end of the filled metal powder, the punch adjacent to the metal powder
Descend to position within the die.

After this, when the upper ram is further lowered, the upper punch compacts the filled metal powder between it and the lower punch, and during this powder compaction process, together with the upper punch,
The upper and lower auxiliary core rods and the base member continue to descend adjacent to the metal powder, thereby keeping the frictional forces between the metal powder and the upper and lower auxiliary core rods and the base member extremely small. Here, the cross-sectional shape of the side surface of the upper and lower auxiliary core rods adjacent to the upper and lower punches, that is, the side surface that will be adjacent to the metal powder, is made to match the cross-sectional shape of the joint surface of the base member. In alignment with the protrusions or grooves on the surface, protrusions or grooves also extend in the vertical direction on the side surfaces of the upper and lower auxiliary core rods. The lowering of the base member is not hindered by the grooves interfering with the metal powder, and since the upper and lower punches are designed to fit into the upper and lower auxiliary core rods, they correspond to the protrusions or grooves on the sides of the upper and lower auxiliary core rods. Due to the cross-sectional shape, the metal powder near the protrusions or grooves on the joint surface of the base member is also compacted in the same way as other parts.

Then, as the upper ram and eventually the upper punch descend further, the lower auxiliary core rod reaches the lowering limit position relative to the lower punch, and the upper auxiliary core rod, which is prevented from descending by the lower auxiliary core rod via the base member, rises relative to the upper punch. When the upper punch reaches its upper limit position, the upper punch reaches its lower limit position, and the powder compact is formed integrally with the base member.

Therefore, according to this device, an action similar to double pushing is produced, and the density of the green compact is reduced not only between the vicinity of the protrusions or grooves on the joint surface of the base member and other parts, but also between the upper punch. It is possible to form a powder compact with an extremely uniform density distribution that is uniform between the vicinity of the lower punch and the vicinity of the lower punch, and a composite material in which the bond between the base member and the compact is extremely strong.

Further, according to this device, filling of the powder filling space with metal powder by the powder feeder and setting of the base member onto the lower auxiliary core rod are facilitated,
Moreover, since the composite material is formed by the stroke of the press machine after filling the metal powder and setting the base member in a series of operations, the time required for forming is short, making it easy to adapt to mass production of composite materials. be able to.

In addition, if the lower ram is lowered at a lower speed than the upper ram during the metal powder compaction process based on the lowering of the upper ram,
The frictional force between the die and the metal powder is also kept extremely small, so that the so-called with-lower method can be effectively carried out, and the packing density of the metal powder can be made more uniform.

(Example) The present invention will be explained below based on the drawings.

1 to 4 are sectional views showing one embodiment of the composite material forming apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a VV sectional view of the composite material formed in FIG. 4.

In Figures 1 to 4, 1 is the lower punch, 2 is the die,
3 indicates a lower auxiliary core rod, and 4 and 5 indicate an upper punch and an upper auxiliary core rod attached to the upper ram, respectively. In addition, 28 in FIG. 5 indicates a chip as a base member in which a convex strip 28a having an undercut portion 28b is formed on the joint surface 30 with the powder compact 27a.
The surface is treated (eg, plating, thermal spraying, diffusion coating, etc.) with a bonding auxiliary material (eg, zinc, aluminum, copper, nickel, etc.) that assists in bonding 8 and the compact 27a.

The lower punch 1 here is fixed by attaching its lower end to a lower punch pressure receiving plate 6 with a lower punch cover 7, and by fixing this lower punch pressure receiving plate 6 to a base plate 8. Incidentally, the base plate 8 is connected to the press bed surface by a supporting block (not shown).

In addition, the die 2 located outside the lower punch 1 is
The die holding upper plate 9 to which it is fixed is connected to the lower ram cover 11 via the guide rod 10, and this lower ram cover 11 is connected to the lower ram (not shown), so that it can move up and down as the ram moves up and down. be done.

Furthermore, the lower punch 1 is located inside the die 2.
The lower auxiliary core rod 3 adjacent to the lower auxiliary core rod 3 is attached at its lower end to a platen 13 by a cover 12, and this platen 13 is connected to a cylinder 14 provided on the base plate 8 and serving as a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated lower auxiliary core rod biasing means. By fixing it to the cylinder rod 15 with nuts 16a and 16b, it can be moved up and down independently of the lower punch 1 and die 2. Note that the relative position of the platen 13 to the cylinder rod 15 and, in turn, to the lower punch 1 is determined by the nut 1.
This can be easily changed by changing the positions of 6a and 16b.

Here, the lower auxiliary core rod 3 is also connected to the tip 2.
The lower punch 1 has substantially the same cross-sectional profile shape as that shown in FIG.
On the side surface facing the chip 28, a protrusion 3a is provided which extends in the vertical direction in the figure and is aligned with the protrusion 28a of the chip 28.

The lower punch has a protrusion 3a of the lower auxiliary core rod 3 on the side facing the lower auxiliary core rod 3.
It has a concave groove 1a that fits tightly and movably along the concave groove 1a.

On the other hand, the upper punch 4 facing the lower punch 1 has its upper end attached to the upper punch pressure receiving plate 18 by a punch cover 17, and furthermore, the upper punch pressure receiving plate 1
8 is attached to the upper ram (not shown) via the upper ram plate 19, so that it can move up and down integrally with the upper ram.

Further, the upper auxiliary core rod 5 adjacent to the upper punch 4 and facing the lower auxiliary core rod 3 has an upper auxiliary core rod biasing means provided on the upper punch pressure receiving plate 18 and operated by air or hydraulics, and a lower auxiliary core rod pushing means. A cylinder rod 21 of a cylinder 20 is connected.

Here, the upper auxiliary core rod 5 also has the same cross-sectional profile shape as the lower auxiliary core rod 3, and therefore has a convex portion on the side facing the upper punch 1 extending in the vertical direction in the figure. It has a protruding strip 5a that is also aligned with the strip 28a.

The upper punch 4 has a protrusion 5 of the upper auxiliary core rod 5 on the side opposite to the upper auxiliary core rod 5.
It has a concave groove 4a that fits tightly and movably along the groove 4a.

The upper ram 19 also has a total pressure of the aforementioned cylinder 1.
A cylinder 22, which is operated by air or hydraulics and is larger than 4, is provided, also as means for pushing down the lower auxiliary core rod, and the lower end surface of the cylinder rod 23, which moves back and forth with respect to the cylinder 22, is forced to be positioned with respect to the platen 13. It is opposed to the upper end surface of the push-down rod 24. In the illustrated example, the forcible push-down rod 24, which penetrates through the die-holding upper plate 9 and the platen 13 and somewhat into the hole provided in the base plate 8, is pressed against the platen by a nut 25 screwed thereon. The lowering of the forcible push-down rod 24 and the platen 13 due to the lowering of the upper ram plate 19 and the cylinder rod 23 is caused by the contact between the nut 26 screwed thereon and the upper surface of the base plate 8. limited.

The operation of the device configured in this way will be explained below.

When forming a composite material, first, the position of the lower ram (not shown) is adjusted to position the die 2 with respect to the lower punch 1, and then the nuts 16a, 1
By adjusting the position of platen 13
is displaced relative to the cylinder rod 15 to position the lower auxiliary core rod 3 in a raised position where its upper surface is at the same height as the upper surface of the die.

By this operation, lower punch 1 and die 2
Since the powder space A and the lower auxiliary core rod 3 define a powder space A as shown in FIG. 1, metal powder 27 is filled into this space A using an automatic powder feeder (not shown).

Thereafter, the chip 28 is placed on the upper surface of the lower auxiliary core rod 3, while the upper ram and eventually the upper ram plate 19 are lowered, and the upper punch 4 and cylinder 2
0, the upper auxiliary core rod 5, which is at the lower limit position shown in the figure, is brought into contact with the upper surface of the chip 28.

Here, the positioning of the chip 28 to the lower auxiliary core rod 3 is achieved by, for example, providing a protrusion or recess for positioning on the surface of the lower auxiliary core rod 3, and placing a recess or protrusion that engages with this protrusion or recess on the base member 2.
This can be easily done by forming two pieces of paper and fitting them together.

When the upper auxiliary core rod 5 and the tip 28 come into contact, the cylinder rod 23 on the upper surface of the forcible push-down rod 24 is adjusted in advance using the nut 25 to adjust the position of the forcible push-down rod 24 relative to the platen 13. The chip 28 also comes into contact with the lower surface of the chip 28, thereby alleviating the impact applied to the chip 28.

After that, the upper ram plate 19 is further lowered and the cylinder rod 23 is forcibly pressed down.
4 together with the platen 13 against the internal pressure of the cylinder 14. As a result, the tip 28 on the lower auxiliary core rod 3 is also pushed down, and as the upper ram plate 19 continues to descend, the push-down amount adjusting nut 26 screwed onto the forced push-down rod 24 is pushed onto the base plate 8. When they come into contact, further descent of the platen 13 and the lower auxiliary core rod 3 is restricted, and the chip 28 is temporarily positioned within the die 2 (see FIG. 3).

Note that this temporary position of the chip 28 is as follows:
In this example, in order to minimize the relative movement to the metal powder 27 in the compacted powder, the filled metal powder 27 is
Although the thickness is approximately at the center of the thickness, it is of course possible to arbitrarily change the position of the nut 26 depending on the shape of the powder compact, etc. Further, the lower end surface of the upper punch 4 at this time is preferably at the same level as the die 2 or slightly above the die surface, as shown in FIG.

When the upper ram plate 19 is further lowered from the state shown in FIG. 3, the upper punch 4 enters into the die 2 and starts compacting the metal powder 27. Here, along with this compacted powder, the die 2 connected to the lower ram cover 11 is lowered at a lower speed than the lowering speed of the upper ram 19 based on the lowering of the lower ram.

Here, since the total cylinder pressure of the upper punch pressure receiving plate 18 is set to be greater than the total cylinder pressure of the base plate 8, the upper auxiliary core rod 5 also descends as the upper punch 4 descends.
Therefore, the platen 13, which is supported by the internal pressure of the cylinder 14, also descends. This lowering of the platen 13 is caused by the lower punch cover 7
The lower auxiliary core rod is thereby stopped by coming into contact with the lower auxiliary core rod, thereby reaching the lower limit position.

Therefore, the subsequent lowering of the upper ram plate 19 involves not only the lowering of the upper punch 4 but also the lowering of the cylinder rod 2.
1 also retreats into the cylinder 20, and the upper auxiliary core rod 5 touches its upper surface and the upper punch pressure receiving plate 18.
When the upper punch 4 reaches the lower limit position where it comes into contact with the lower surface of the upper punch 4, the upper punch 4 reaches the lower limit position and the tip 28 is finally positioned, as shown in FIG. The chip 28 defines a powder compacting space B. This compacting space B
With this definition, the metal powder 27 filled in the powder filling space A is appropriately compacted to complete compaction, and a compacted powder body 27a is formed, and the compacted powder body 27a and chips 28 are Unify. Note that the position where the powder compact 27a and the chip 28 are integrated and their respective dimensions can be easily changed by adjusting, for example, the dimensions of each member of the forming device, the positions of the nuts 25 and 26 mentioned above, etc. can.

After completing the downward stroke as described above,
While reversing the direction of action of the internal pressure of the cylinder 14 and urging the cylinder rod 15 downward,
By lowering the lower ram to bring the upper surface of the die to the same level as the lower punch 1, and then raising the upper ram 19 to a predetermined position, the formed powder compact 27a and the chips 28 integrated therewith are removed.
Take out the composite material 29 consisting of (Figs. 4 and 5)
(see figure).

After this removal is completed, the next cycle can be started by raising the lower ram and raising the die 2 to a predetermined position, and from then on, continuous production of the composite material 29 can be performed simply by repeating the same operation. can.

The powder compact 27a is then sintered to become a sintered alloy and is firmly joined to the chip 28 via the joint surface 30.

Therefore, according to this device, the protrusion 2 of the chip 28
The metal powder 27 in the vicinity of 8a, especially the powder that enters the undercut portion 28b, also flows into the protruding line 2.
The chip 28 can be directly compacted by the upper and lower punches 4, 1 having the grooves 4a, 1a corresponding to the grooves 8a, and, as the powder is compacted by the upper and lower punches 4, 1, the chip 28 can be moved from the temporary position. The upper and lower auxiliary core rods 5 and 3 lower the metal powder to the final positioning position, and the die 2 is also forcibly lowered. 27 and the joint surface 30 of the chip 28, and between the metal powder 27 and the die 2, the frictional force between the metal powder 27 and the die 2 is significantly reduced. 27a can be formed integrally with the chip 28, and as a result, a composite material 29 of the chip 28 and the high quality powder compact 27a can be formed. Since the density distribution of the powder compact 27a of the composite material 29 is uniform, the bond between the powder compact 27a and the chip 28 after sintering becomes extremely strong.

Further, according to the apparatus of this example, the metal powder 27 is filled into the powder filling space by the automatic powder feeder, and the upper surface of the lower auxiliary core rod 3 is placed at the same height as the upper surface of the die 2 when the chip 28 is placed. This makes it easy to place the chips 28, making it easy to automate the supply of chips 28 using an automatic chip supply device.Moreover, the placement of the chips 28 in the die 2 and the compaction 27a can be easily performed by the stroke of the press machine. Since the above cycle is repeated, the composite material 29 can be easily mass-produced.

FIG. 6 shows another example of a composite material that can be produced by the apparatus of the invention. Reference numeral 31 denotes a rocker arm as a composite material, and this rocker arm 31 has a chip 32 as a base member made of a wear-resistant material (for example, iron-based material), and a compacted powder body 33 as a rocker arm body is attached to the chip 32. The powder body 33 is made of a material having a low specific gravity (for example, aluminum) and is integrated by compaction, and the formed powder body 33 is then joined to the chip 32 by sintering. When manufacturing the tip 32, the tip 32 is also provided with a protrusion 32 having an undercut portion 32b to strengthen the bonding force between the rocker arm body and the tip 32 and to prevent the tip from coming off.
A powder compact 33 is placed adjacent to the convex strip 32a of the chip 32 and used as a rocker arm body.
If the rocker arm 31 is manufactured by forming it integrally with 2, it will be easy to manufacture the rocker arm 31, and the joining force will be strong and the mechanical properties will be good.
Moreover, a lightweight Rotsuker arm can be obtained. Here, by surface-treating the bonding surface of the chip 32 with zinc, aluminum, copper, nickel, or the like, a greater bonding force can be obtained.

In both of the above embodiments, since the metal powder and the base member are relatively movable, the bonding position between the base member and the powder compact and the thickness of the powder compact can be adjusted, making it possible to create composites of arbitrary dimensions. material can be obtained. Further, in both of the above embodiments, a convex strip having an undercut portion is formed on the joint surface of the base member, but the present invention can bring about similar effects even when a groove is formed.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that the base member may be formed by sintering using powder metallurgy or using general metallurgy.

(Effects of the Invention) Thus, according to the composite material forming apparatus of the present invention, an effect similar to double pressing is produced, and the density of the green compact is changed between the vicinity of the protrusions or grooves on the joint surface of the base member and the other areas. The powder compact has an extremely uniform density distribution, which can be uniform not only between the parts but also between the vicinity of the upper punch and the vicinity of the lower punch, and the bond between the base member and the powder compact is extremely strong. Composites can be formed.

Further, according to this device, filling of the powder filling space with metal powder by the powder feeder and setting of the base member onto the lower auxiliary core rod are facilitated,
Moreover, since the composite material is formed by the stroke of the press machine after filling the metal powder and setting the base member in a series of operations, the time required for forming is short, making it easy to adapt to mass production of composite materials. be able to.

In addition, if the lower ram is lowered at a lower speed than the upper ram in the process of compacting the metal powder based on the lowering of the upper ram, the frictional force between the die and the metal powder is kept extremely small, and the so-called with-lower method is implemented. As a result, the packing density of the metal powder can be made more uniform.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating the composite material forming apparatus of the present invention, FIGS. 2 to 4 are operational explanatory diagrams showing the operating state of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and FIGS. 5 and 6 are FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a composite material that can be formed by the apparatus of the present invention. 1...Lower punch, 2...Dice, 3...Lower auxiliary core rod, 4...Upper punch, 5...Upper auxiliary core rod, 1
4, 20, 22...Cylinder, 27...Metal powder, 2
7a...Powder compact, 28a...Convex strip, 29...Composite material, 3
0...Joint surface.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A lower punch 1 fixed to the bed surface of the press machine, a lower auxiliary core rod 3 provided adjacent to the lower punch, and a lower auxiliary core rod 3 fixed to the upper ram of the press machine. an upper punch 4 facing the lower punch; and an upper auxiliary core rod 5 provided adjacent to the upper punch and facing the lower auxiliary core rod.
and a die 2 fixed to the lower ram of the press machine, surrounding the lower punch and the lower auxiliary core rod so as to be movable up and down relative to them, and allowing the upper punch and the upper auxiliary core rod to be inserted therein; The metal powder 27 in the powder filling space defined in the die is removed by the rise of the die to the upper limit position higher than the lower punch due to the rise of the lower ram. As the punch descends into the die, the powder is compacted between the upper punch and the lower punch to form a green compact 27a, while the lowering of the upper auxiliary core rod based on the lowering of the upper ram causes the powder to be compacted. between the upper auxiliary core rod and the upper auxiliary core rod,
Convex lines or concave grooves 2 on the joint surface 30 with the green compact
A composite material in which the base member and the powder compact are integrated is formed by sandwiching the base member 28 having the base member 8a and arranging the base member at a position where the bonding surface is adjacent to the powder compact. In the apparatus, the cross-sectional contours of side surfaces of the upper auxiliary core rod and the lower auxiliary core rod adjacent to the upper punch and the lower punch, respectively, are substantially matched to the cross-sectional contours of the joint surface of the base member; The upper auxiliary core rod is fit into the upper punch so as to be movable up and down between a lower limit position where the lower surface thereof is located lower than the lower surface of the upper punch and an upper limit position above the lower limit position, and the lower auxiliary core rod is fitted into the upper punch. The lower auxiliary core rod is fitted into the lower punch so that the upper surface thereof can be raised and lowered between an upper limit position where the upper surface is substantially the same height as the upper surface of the die at the upper limit position and a lower limit position below the upper limit position. lower auxiliary core rod urging means 1 for urging the lower punch upwardly;
4, and upper auxiliary core rod biasing means 2 for biasing the upper auxiliary core rod downwardly with respect to the upper punch.
0, and lower auxiliary core rod pressing means 20, 2 which urge and push down the lower auxiliary core rod with a biasing force greater than the biasing force of the lower auxiliary core rod biasing means as the upper auxiliary core rod descends.
1. A composite material forming apparatus characterized by comprising: 2.