JPS6347574B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a replaceable assembly functional unit that allows a machine tool to have workpiece assembly functions, such as bolt tightening and notching functions.

[Technical background of the invention and its problems]

With the recent trend toward FMS (Flexible Manufacturing Systems), machine tools are required to be more versatile, and in order to expand the machining functions of machine tools such as cutting and grinding, the processing spindle has been made into a unit. , a technology has been developed to detachably attach the saddle to a saddle that moves along the column of a machine tool (for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 106459/1983, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 57/1989).
114337).

In cutting workpieces, there are cases where a plurality of workpieces are assembled on a cutting machine, such as combining and machining. In such cases, conventionally,
Each workpiece that has undergone primary processing is removed from the machine tool, and then assembled by an operator using dowel pins, bolts, etc., and then reattached to the machine tool for assembly processing. For this reason, operations such as removing and assembling the workpiece, and centering the workpiece after it has been installed on the machine tool are required, which takes time for machining and is an impediment to automating the machining.

[Purpose of the invention]

The present invention has been made with these points in mind, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a replaceable assembly function unit that can provide a workpiece assembly function to a machine tool.

[Summary of the invention]

The replaceable assembly functional unit according to the present invention includes a functional unit main body that is detachably attached to a saddle that has an opening for mounting an assembly tool on the front end surface and is movable along a column of a machine tool, and an operating shaft disposed within the main body so as to be rotatable and axially movable toward the mounting opening; a motor for rotationally driving the operating shaft attached to the functional unit main body;
It is characterized by comprising an air hammer disposed at the rear of the operating shaft within the functional unit body, and an assembly tool tightening mechanism disposed near the mounting opening within the functional unit body.

According to the present invention, a machine tool that performs cutting using a spindle unit is equipped with an assembly function unit in place of this spindle unit, and then this assembly function unit is provided with an assembly function such as bolt tightening or knocking. Depending on the function, the necessary assembly tools can be installed using an ATC (automatic tool changer), and the workpieces required for machining can be assembled for workpieces being chucked by other machine tools. can.

[Embodiments of the invention]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional side view of a functional unit for assembly according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 11 is the main body of the functional unit. The functional unit body 11 can be detachably attached to a saddle that is movable along the column of the machine tool, and is provided with a mounting recess (not shown) and a carby coupling 12 on the outside. It is being For example, in the recessed part, there is a
A means similar to that disclosed in the publication, namely a swing pin rocked by a hydraulic cylinder, is inserted, and the carbyk coupling provided on the saddle and the carbyk coupling 12 provided on the functional unit main body 11 are connected. are engaged and can be detachably attached. Functional unit body 11
A mounting opening 11b into which an assembly tool, which will be described later, is mounted is provided in the front end surface 11a.

There is a mounting opening 11 inside the functional unit main body 11.
An operating shaft 13 is disposed so as to be rotatable and axially movable toward b. At the tip of the operating shaft 13,
An engaging portion 13a that engages with the rear end of the piston rod 31 of the assembly tool 30 is formed. The engaging portion 13a has a distal end surface and a regular n-gon shape in cross section. A spline 14 is provided in the middle of the operating shaft 13.
an intermediate shaft 1 having a spline groove formed therein and a spline groove that engages with the spline 14 so as to be movable in the axial direction.
5 is fitted. The intermediate shaft 15 is supported by bearings 16a and 16b provided on the functional unit main body 11.
The intermediate shaft 15 is rotatably supported at both ends, and a transmission gear 18 consisting of a combination of a large gear and a small gear is fitted to the intermediate shaft 15 via a sliding key 17 so as to be movable in the axial direction. Further, within the functional unit main body 11, a power transmission shaft 19 is rotatably supported at both ends by bearings 20a and 20b in parallel with the intermediate shaft 15, and one end of this power transmission shaft 19 is attached to the functional unit main body 11. It is connected to a drive motor 21 via a coupling ring 22. A small gear 23a and a large gear 23b for power transmission are fitted on the power transmission shaft 19, and a deceleration intermediate gear 24 consisting of a combination of a small gear and a large gear is located between the small gear 23a and the large gear 23b. It is rotatably mounted via a bearing. Also on the intermediate shaft 15 is a reduction intermediate gear 25 consisting of a combination of a small gear and a large gear.
The drive motor 21 is rotatably mounted via a bearing, and the combination of these gears allows the rotational speed of the drive motor 21 to be changed in two steps and transmitted to the operating shaft 13. Reference numeral 26 designates a speed change air cylinder, into which a piston rod 28 having an engagement lever 27 attached to its tip is inserted so as to be movable forward and backward.
The piston rod 28 is moved forward and backward by compressed air supplied from air ports E and F opened at the front and rear ends of the air cylinder 26. Further, the engagement lever 27 is inserted into and engaged with the engagement groove 18a provided at the end of the speed change gear 18, and the piston rod 28 is inserted into the engagement groove 18a.
By moving forward and backward, the transmission gear 18 is moved in the axial direction, and the meshing gear ratio can be changed.

The front part of the actuating shaft 13 has a partially formed large diameter part 13b through which the reverse force air cylinder 29 is inserted.
has a function as a piston of the reverse force air cylinder 29. An air port D is opened at the front end of the air cylinder 29 for reverse force.
By supplying compressed air from
A force in the backward movement direction is applied.

The rear part of the operating shaft 13 is connected to a force applying air cylinder 3.
3, and is opposed to an air hammer 34 disposed within a force applying air cylinder 33.

FIG. 2 is a detailed partial sectional view of this applying air cylinder 33 and the air hammer 34 disposed therein. The force air cylinder 33 is provided with air ports G, H, H, and J for compressed air supply and exhaust at predetermined positions from its front end to its rear end. The air hammer 34 includes a cylinder 35 which is slidably inserted in the axial direction into the applying air cylinder 33, a free piston 36 which is slidably inserted into the cylinder 35 in the axial direction, and the cylinder 35. Front lid 37, rear lid 38, and front lid 37
A striking head 39 is slidably inserted and held in the
The cylinder 35 and the free piston 36 are provided with air circulation holes b, f, g, m, annular grooves c, so that the free piston 36 generates self-excited vibration by the compressed air supplied from the air port I.
e, h are formed, and the cylinder 35
Air hammer cylinder interior chambers a, i, and j are formed therein. These air circulation holes b, f, g,
m and the positions and shapes of the annular grooves c, e, and h of the cylinder 35 and the free piston 3.
The design can be changed by the structure of 6. In order to generate self-excited vibration in the free piston 36, the diameter of the free piston sliding portion is such that the front diameter d ₁ and the rear diameter d ₂ are different, and d ₁ <d ₂ . Further, in order to move the air hammer 34 itself forward or backward, a forward air chamber k and a backward air chamber l are provided in the force air cylinder 33 at the rear and front of the air hammer 34, respectively. , Air port J is provided in the forward air chamber K.
However, air ports G are opened in each of the retreating air chambers L.

The assembly tool 30 is replaceably installed in the installation opening 11b of the functional unit main body 11.
It has a gripped part 41 formed with a V-groove to be gripped by the clamp part of the ATC, and a connecting part to be connected to the functional unit main body 11. The connecting portion includes a carbyk coupling portion 42 for connecting the front end of the functional unit main body 11 with a carbyk coupling, and a pull stud 43 having a circumferential protrusion. A tensile force is applied by a clamp mechanism 44. The clamp mechanism 44 includes an air cylinder 45
a piston rod 46 slidably disposed within;
It consists of a clamp claw 47 provided at the tip of the piston rod 46, and a clamping spring 48 disposed inside the air cylinder 45 on the front side of the piston rod 46, and an air boat C is bored at the rear of the air cylinder 45. ing. The assembly tool 30 shown in FIG. 1 is a tool for punching, and is a front end surface 31a and a rear end surface 31a of a piston rod 31 disposed slidably in the axial direction in an air cylinder 49.
1b is flat. Further, a driving dowel pin 50 is held at the front of the air cylinder 49 on an extension of the piston rod 31.
A plurality of these knock pins 50 are normally used, and are housed in the assembly tool 30 by an appropriate storage method. The air cylinder 49 also has an air port A for moving the piston rod 31 forward and backward.
B is bored in the required positional relationship, and these air ports A and B are connected to the functional unit main body by an air coupler between the inner diameter of the kerbick 42 and the outer diameter of the pull stud 43 to supply air. It's summery.

Although this embodiment shows an assembly tool for punching holes, other assembly tools such as bolt tightening tools can also be attached. In this case, the front end surface 31a and the rear end surface 31b of the piston rod 31 have a positive n for transmitting tightening torque.
A square cross section is formed, and the operating shaft tip 13a
It is designed to be mated with and transmit torque.

Next, the operation of this embodiment having such a configuration will be explained.

FIG. 3 is a usage diagram showing an example of assembling a work using the replaceable assembly function unit 10 according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, two machine tools 60,
70 are arranged to face each other, one machine tool 60 is equipped with a chuck function unit 100 having a function of chucking a workpiece, and the other machine tool 70 is equipped with an assembly function unit 10. These functional units 100, 10 are removably mounted on saddles 62, 72 which are mounted so as to be movable up and down along columns 61, 71 of the machine tool. The attachment to the saddles 62 and 72 is described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-114337 (Japanese Patent Application No. 55-1988).
106459), saddle 6
Guide rails 63, 73 are attached horizontally to the saddles 2, 72, and the saddle 6 is rolled along the guide rails 63, 73 while rolling a plurality of rollers 64, 74 provided on the sides of the functional unit body 11
The functional unit main body 11 is inserted so as to pass through the saddles 62, 72, and then the swing pins 65, 7 are swung by a hydraulic cylinder fixed to the saddles 62, 72.
5 is inserted into a recess provided on the outer side of the functional unit main body 11 and clamped. Also, saddle 6
2 and 72 and the front abutment surface of the functional unit main body 11 are connected by a carboxylic coupling 12.

In this way, each machine tool 60, 7
After the functional units 100, 10 are mounted on the machine 0, the required tool units are mounted. That is, the chuck function unit 100 includes a chuck claw 66a.
A chuck 66 having a diameter is attached, and an assembly tool 30 is attached to the assembly functional unit 10. A chuck 66 of the chuck function unit 100 is chucked with a work body (for example, a casing) 67 and a mounting work (for example, a cover) 68.
This chucking of the workpiece can be performed, for example, by the following operation. That is, the third machine tool 60 and 70 are arranged to form a T-shape.
A third machine tool is provided, and the workpiece body 67 chucked by the chuck 66 is machined by this third machine tool. Subsequently, the main spindle unit (the unit used for machining) of the third machine tool is replaced, a functional unit for knocking is installed, and a knock pin for temporary fixing is driven into the workpiece body 67.
The attachment work 68 is hooked onto this temporary fixing dowel pin. This hooking operation of the mounting workpiece 68 can be performed, for example, by rotating the machine tool 60 and converting the unit of the fourth machine tool or the third machine tool that is chucking the mounting workpiece 68 to a chucking unit. This can be done by moving the fourth machine tool or the third machine tool forward while facing the machine tool. With the installation workpiece 68 hooked in this manner, the chuck function unit 100 of the machine tool 60 moves to a position facing the assembly function unit 10 of the machine tool 70 (the state shown in FIG. 3). . The assembly functional unit 10 assembles and fixes the attachment work 68 to the work body 67, and normally, bolt tightening is performed first. In this case, as the assembly tool 30,
An assembly tool with a built-in tightening bolt is selected and installed in the installation opening 11b of the functional unit main body 11. The two machine tools 60, 70 are moved relative to each other to align the workpieces 67, 68 and the assembly tool 30.

Next, compressed air is supplied from the air port G to the air chamber 1 in the air cylinder 33, and the air hammer 34 is moved backward to separate the striking head 39 from the rear end of the operating shaft 13 and at the same time push the operating shaft 13 forward. The tip engaging portion 13a of the operating shaft 13 engages with the rear end surface of the piston rod 31 of the assembly tool 30 (in the bolt tightening tool, the rear end surface 31b of the piston rod 31 has a regular n-gonal cross section. If air is supplied from the A port, the fitting of the regular n-gonal cross section will be ensured.In this case, (effective area of the piston in the tool) < (cross-sectional area of the operating shaft)) By pushing forward, the tip of the piston rod 31 engages with the hexagonal hole provided in the head of the tightening bolt built into the front part of the assembly tool 30, and the tip of the bolt is drilled into the workpiece. the screw hole.

When the motor 21 is driven in this state, the rotation of the power transmission shaft 19 is transmitted to the operating shaft 13 through the gear train, thereby rotating the piston rod 31 of the assembly tool 30 and the tightening bolt. A bolt tightening operation is performed by combining the bolt rotation operation with a bolt pushing operation caused by forward movement of the operating shaft 13. In this case, the gear train has the combination shown in FIG. 1, and low speed and high torque is transmitted to the operating shaft 13.

When this bolt tightening work is completed, compressed air is supplied from the air port C into the air cylinder 45 of the clamp mechanism 44, the piston rod 46 is moved to release the clamped state by the clamp claw 47, and the assembly function is performed using the ATC. The assembly tool for bolt tightening is removed from the unit 10, and an assembly tool capable of drilling is attached. This assembly tool includes
The drill used for drilling is held,
The tip engaging portion 13 of the operating shaft 13 is attached to the rear end of this drill.
A is fitted, and the drill is rotated by the motor 21 to perform drilling. In this case, compressed air is supplied to the air port F of the air cylinder 26, the piston rod 28 is moved backward, and the engagement lever 27 moves the transmission gear 18 in the axial direction to mesh with the large gear 23b. As a result, high speed and low torque is transmitted to the operating shaft.

Once the drilling is completed, use the ATC to replace the cleaning tool and clean the drilled hole. continue
Use ATC to replace it with an assembly tool for reaming. A reamer is held in the assembly change tool for reaming, and a hole is drilled by fitting the tip engaging portion 13a of the operating shaft 13 to the rear end of the reamer and moving it forward while rotating. The prepared hole is reamed.

After reaming, use the ATC to clean with a cleaning tool, lubricate the inside of the hole with a lubrication tool, and then replace and install the assembly tool for punching. For the knock driving operation, first, compressed air is supplied from air port J,
The air hammer 34 is advanced, the operating shaft 13 is advanced, the piston rod 31 inside the assembly tool 30 is pushed forward, and the headed knock pin 50 built into the assembly tool 30 is attached to the reamer drilled in the installation work 68. Place it in contact with the hole. Subsequently, the air hammer 34 generates self-excited vibrations to perform the driving operation of the dowel pin 50. The self-excited vibrations of the air hammer 34 are generated as follows. That is, when compressed air is supplied from air port I, the air passes through annular grooves h, e and air circulation holes f, m, and g and enters cylinder interior chambers i and j. The free piston 36 is moved forward due to the difference in cross-sectional area between the cylinder interior chambers i and j. In this case, when the communication hole m passes through the annular groove e, compressed air is no longer supplied to the cylinder interior j, but compressed air continues to be supplied to the cylinder interior i, and a reverse force is applied to the free piston 36. act. However, since the initial force is large, the free piston 36 continues to move forward due to inertia despite the reverse force, colliding with the rear surface of the striking head 39 and imparting an impact force to the striking head 39. This is the operating axis 1
3, and an impact force is applied to the knock pin 50. Free piston 36 strikes head 39
The inner chamber a of the cylinder 35 at the position where it collides with
If the communication hole b of the free piston 36 and the communication hole m of the free piston 36 are made to communicate with each other, the free piston 36
The remaining compressed air in the communication holes m and g and the inner chamber j is discharged from the air port H through the communication hole m, the inner chamber a, the communication hole b, and the annular groove c. As a result, the air pressure in the communication holes m, g and the inner chamber j drops instantly, and the free piston 36 retreats due to the reaction of the impact and the reverse air pressure in the inner chamber i, and the rear cover 3
8 and stops. In this case, since air is supplied to the inner chamber j at the time when the communication hole m is engaged and communicated with the annular groove e, a cushioning action occurs and the rear lid 3
No shock to 8. In this way, one cycle of the operation of the free piston 36 is completed, but since compressed air is constantly supplied from the air port I, the free piston 36 repeats the same operation and performs continuous operation as self-excited vibration. conduct.

By driving the dowel pin, the assembly work necessary for processing is completed, and then the work body 67 and the assembly work 68 are joined together, for example, boring is performed. This boring process can be performed by attaching a spindle unit equipped with a boring tool to the machine tool 70 in exchange for the assembly functional unit 10.
This replacement of the spindle unit can be performed relatively easily if the spindle unit 80 is placed on a unit exchange device 76 provided at the rear of the machine tool 70.

After the assembly process is completed, the functional unit 10 for assembly is mounted on the machine tool 70 again, and the knocking and bolting operations are performed. Knocking out can be carried out by installing an air hammer mechanism in the assembly tool and using the air hammer to move backward a grooved piston rod that hooks and engages the head of the dowel pin. Further, the bolt removal work is performed by rotating the operating shaft 13 in the opposite direction to the bolt tightening work described above, and compressed air is further supplied from the air port A to tighten the piston rod 3.
1 and the operating shaft 13 must be moved backward at the same time.

Note that the air port D is provided in order to reduce the influence of inertia when the forward speed of the operating shaft 13 is too fast, and for retracting the operating shaft 13 (to completely separate it from the tool). Either supply compressed air to apply a force in the opposite direction to the operating shaft 13, or
Alternatively, connect a throttle valve to air port D,
By closing this throttle valve, it can act as an air damper.

In addition, it is necessary to incorporate sensors for detecting the presence or absence of assembly parts (bolts, dowel pins, etc.), stroke detection of the piston rod, or air cylinders for operation into the assembly tool 30. The contact surface with the functional unit main body 11 is provided with a connector for electrical and pneumatic circuits.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, it can be attached to the saddle of a machine tool in exchange for the spindle unit, and by selectively attaching a predetermined assembly tool, the workpiece required for machining can be assembled. In addition to being able to carry out work (e.g. bolt tightening, notch driving), the accompanying drilling process,
Can perform reaming, bolt removal work, notch removal work, etc.

The assembly functional unit according to the present invention utilizes the high-precision three-dimensional positioning ability of machine tools, and by combining multiple machine tools, can perform not only cutting of the workpiece but also assembly of the workpieces required for processing. , which can be used in so-called complex production systems.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment of the functional unit for assembly according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a detailed sectional view of an air hammer, and FIG. 3 is a side view showing an example of the use state of the present invention. 10... Functional unit for assembly, 11... Functional unit main body, 13... Operating shaft, 21... Drive motor, 30... Assembly tool, 33... Air cylinder for force, 34... Air hammer, 36...Free piston, 44...Clamp mechanism, 60,70
...Machine tool, 62,72...Saddle, 80...
Spindle unit, 100...chuck function unit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A functional unit main body that is provided with an opening for mounting an assembly tool on its front end surface and is detachable from a saddle that is movable along a column of a machine tool; in the functional unit main body, toward the mounting opening,
an operating shaft disposed to be rotatable and movable in the axial direction; a motor for rotationally driving the operating shaft attached to the functional unit main body; a motor disposed at a rear position of the operating shaft within the functional unit main body; A replaceable assembly functional unit comprising: an air hammer; and an assembly tool tightening mechanism disposed near the mounting opening in the functional unit main body. 2. The replaceable functional unit for assembly according to claim 1, wherein the tip of the operating shaft has a regular n-gonal cross section. 3. The replaceable functional unit for assembly according to claim 1, wherein the operating shaft is connected to a rotary drive motor via a speed change mechanism.