JPS6349782B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention does not require the formation of a flat base on the frame of a building, such as a rafter or a frame of a structure, but instead combines a base, a reinforcing material, and a step in one member. The present invention relates to an exterior structure that allows the exterior of a stepped roof structure to be roofed with high efficiency. In the past, the exterior of a stepped roof structure, such as a roof, had a structure as shown in FIG. That is, when a roof is formed as an exterior part, a roofing board 2 is laid on the rafters 1, fixed with nails 3, and roofing 4, such as asphalt felt, is successively laid on top of it to form a base 5. It had a structure on which roofing materials 6 having steps of height h as shown in FIGS. 2a to 2g were successively fixed via hangers 7. As a result, a wedge-shaped gap A is formed between the roofing 4 and the roofing material 6,
Due to the pressure caused by snow accumulation and work on the roof in this gap A, the roofing material 6 was often deformed and the connecting portions were often separated. Moreover, this deformation has the disadvantage of impairing the roof's main function of waterproofing.
Furthermore, deformation of the roofing material 6 causes cracks in the coating film and exposes the surface of the roofing material, resulting in a drawback that the weather resistance and corrosion resistance of the roofing material are significantly reduced. In other words, since the roofing material 6 is exposed to severe temperatures ranging from high temperatures (60 to 80°C in midsummer) to extremely cold -20°C, it has the disadvantage that even the slightest damage causes rapid deterioration. In addition, the roofing material 6 has both inside and outside air on the back side.
Since they are in contact with each other on their surfaces, and condensation occurs at these points, they have the disadvantage of corroding the base. In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention does not use a base as in the past on a frame such as a rafter or a rim, but instead combines a base and a step forming member in one member.
In addition, we propose an exterior structure in which a moisture-controlling board is laid down that also has a guiding function during construction, and an exterior material is placed on top of it. An embodiment of the exterior structure according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. That is, FIGS. 3A and 3B show the case where the above structure is applied to a roof, where FIG. 3A is a partially cutaway perspective view, and FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along the line -- in FIG. In the figure, 10 is a frame (rafters), 11 is a base with multiple layers of base parts 12, and its constituent members are rectangular plywood (hereinafter simply referred to as boards) 13.
The upper and lower ends of the roof are overlapped to form a staircase-like roof that extends from the eaves to the ridge. Reference numeral 15 covers the top of the base 11 and the stepped portion with a waterproof sheet to prevent water from leaking from the joint 16 between the boards 13 to the boards 13, and to allow direct contact between the base 11 and the exterior material (roofing material) 17. This is to prevent The shape of the exterior material 17 is the same as that shown in FIGS. Here, base 11
To further explain, the structure is the fourth
The board 13 as shown in Figures a and b is shown in Figure 5a and b.
It was constructed as shown in the figure. That is, the base 11 is formed by forming the base part 12 in a step-like manner, for example, the first stage base part is 12-n ₀ , the second stage is 12-n _{1 , and the third stage is 12-n 1} .
The upper and lower ends of each layer are overlapped with each other with a width of Δl, as shown in 12-n ₂ for the tier, . . . 12-n _o-1 for the n-th tier. Each base portion 12 has a plurality of boards 13 which are constituent members, each having a joint portion 16, a notch portion 14 formed on the short side end surface of the board 13, which is given a different code for identification. The frame 10 (rafters) are stacked in series with each other in a mutually interlocking structure to provide joints 16.
The overlapping parts, especially the upper and lower ends, are fixed with nails 18, and each base part 12 has a gap 19 with a triangular longitudinal section different from the frame 10 (rafters). It is worn so that it has a Furthermore, to specifically explain FIGS. 5a and 5b, the base portion 12-n ₀ of the first stage is 12-n ₀ -1,
12-n ₀ -2, 12-n ₀ -3,...12 not shown
-n ₀ -n, second stage base part 12-n ₁ is similarly 1
2-n ₁ -1,12-n ₁ -2,12-n ₁ -3,...12-n ₁ -n, 3rd tier base part 12-n ₂
is 12-n ₂ -1, 12-n ₂ -2, 12-n ₂ -3,
...12-n ₂ -n, not shown, and the base portion 12-n _o-1 of the nth stage are not shown, but 12-n _o-1 -1,12
-n _o-1 -2,12-n _o-1 -3,...12-n _o-1 -n
It is constructed as follows. In addition, the base portion 12
The relationship between the upper and lower levels has a step h, and this step h corresponds to the height h so that it can function as a backing material for the exterior material 17 (roofing material). Furthermore, the board 13 is made of plywood, mainly consisting of roofing boards, backing materials,
It functions as a step forming material, a reinforcing material, and a humidity control material, and has a rectangular shape, and has notches 14 on the left and right end surfaces, which are the short sides, to form a mutually interlocking structure. Its size is, for example, width W = 150 ~
900mm, length L=200~3636mm, thickness t=10~30
mm, and in the notch 14, ΔW=5~
It is preferable that it is 40 mm and Δd=2 to 15 mm. In addition, in FIG. 4b, the cross section of the notch 14 is not a simple rectangular cross section, but a notch 1 with one end inclined.
4a, the other end is formed into a simple rectangle, and a slight gap is formed at the overlapping part. Next, a construction method for the above-mentioned structure, such as a roof, will be explained. Now, it is assumed that a roof as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3b is constructed using the board 13 shown in FIG. 4a. Therefore, a base 12 is formed on the frame 10 (rafters) as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b. That is, the base 11 has the base portion 12 as the so-called 12-n ₀ , 12
-n ₁ , 12-n ₂ , ...12-n _o-1 steps are successively roofed in a step-like manner from the lower end (eave) to the upper end (ridge). Next, the waterproof sheet 15 is attached to the base portion 12-n ₀ to 12- through the staples 20.
Lay sequentially up to n _o-1 . Note that the construction of the waterproof sheet 15 at the stepped portion is performed using the exterior material 17 of the board 13.
The lower end of the waterproof sheet 15 laid on the base part 12 of the upper tier is placed on the lower tier by the same width as Δl, the so-called lower tier. It is installed so that it is double coated. Next, the arabesque 21 is fixed to the eaves with nails 18, and then the exterior material 17 (roofing material),
The so-called first stage roof part 17-n ₀ is a roofing material 17-n 0 -1, 17- _{n 0 -2} , which is numbered for convenience on the waterproof sheet 15 of the first stage base part 12-n ₀ . 17-
n ₀ -3, . . . (not shown) 17-n ₀ -n are connected in series in the girder direction and fixed via hangers 22. Next, the roof part 17-n ₁ of the second stage is a component, 17-n ₁ -1,17-n ₁ -2,17-n ₁
-3, ... (not shown) 17-n ₁ -n's lower end is engaged with the upper end of the first stage roof section 17-n ₀ , and the upper end is fixed with a hanger 22. It is something. Therefore, for the roof, the roofing material 17 is placed on each base part 12 from the third stage to the n-1st stage as described above.
The roof is constructed by repeated construction. What has been described above is only one embodiment of the exterior structure according to the present invention, and it is also possible to construct the exterior wall edge and studs in order from the foundation to the girder. As described above, according to the exterior structure according to the present invention, the use of mere sheathing boards on the exterior material and the rim or rafters is eliminated, and the base material, reinforcing material, and step member are combined in one member, and the cost is reduced. It is meant to be.
Since notches are formed at each end of the board, it facilitates the formation of a guide during foundation construction and a mating structure at the overlapping part, resulting in a more efficient and reliable engagement structure. A special base is formed between the exterior material and the frame, and a waterproof sheet is placed on the surface on which the exterior material is placed,
Since the lower end surface (step part) of the base part and the upper end part between the base parts are double laminated, even if rainwater leaks, it will not leak into the base or the structure, resulting in excellent waterproofness and exterior material. , can prevent corrosion of rafters, etc. There is no deformation of the exterior material because the board is placed on the back of the exterior material with a waterproof sheet in between. The exterior has a stepped roof, giving it a three-dimensional feel. It has the following characteristics.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a conventional terraced roof, Figs. 2 a to g are explanatory diagrams showing longitudinal sections of commonly used exterior materials, such as roofing materials, and Figs. 3 a and b are illustrations of the present invention. A perspective view showing a part of a roof covered with such an exterior structure and a sectional view taken along the line 4 in FIG. ), and FIGS. 5a and 5b are perspective views showing an example of the formation order of the base, which is a main part of the exterior structure according to the present invention. 1, 10...Structure, 11 ...Substrate, 12...Substrate, 13...Plywood, 14...Notch, 15...
... Tarpaulin.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A base made of a step-shaped base formed by laying and fixing multiple sheets of plywood directly on a frame such as a frame, rafters, etc., a waterproof sheet that completely covers the exposed surface of the base, and a top of the waterproof sheet. The base has a rectangular outer shape, and matching notches are formed on the short side end surface of the plywood. The base parts fitted in series and flush are fixed perpendicularly to the frame, and the upper and lower ends of each base part are overlapped.
The waterproof sheet was attached so as to double cover the exterior material mounting surface and lower end surface of each base section, except for the surface where each plywood board overlapped, and the upper end portion of the bottom base section of each base section. The exterior structure is characterized by: