JPS6354826B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

<Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a spinning oil agent for polyester fibers. In general, among fibers, rayon fibers and cotton, which have high hygroscopicity, do not change their spinnability much even when the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere changes, but polyester itself has little hygroscopicity, so finishing agents may change due to changes in temperature and humidity. Moisture absorption and desorption takes place in the layer, and the resulting change in physical properties of the finishing agent layer greatly influences the spinnability of the fiber. When the atmosphere in the spinning process changes to high humidity, the amount of moisture absorbed by the oil agent increases and the stickiness increases, resulting in the cylinder winding during the carding process and the winding on each roller part during the drawing and spinning processes. To increase. Additionally, when the atmosphere changes to low humidity, the amount of moisture absorbed by the oil decreases, increasing the generation of static electricity, which increases the occurrence of cylinder wrapping, roller wrapping, tube clogging, etc., which can cause problems in the spinning process. easy. For this reason, polyester fiber spinning factories are equipped with temperature and humidity control equipment to keep the spinning chamber at a constant temperature and humidity throughout the year. However, controlling temperature and humidity increases enormous equipment and operating costs, so from the perspective of energy conservation, there is currently a demand for polyester staples that can be spun without temperature and humidity control. One possible approach is to use oils that are less affected by temperature and humidity, and there is a demand for oils that have low stickiness even under high temperature and high humidity conditions, especially in the summer. The present invention relates to a spinning oil agent for polyester fibers that meets such demands. <Prior art and its problems> Conventionally, as an oil agent having relatively good performance and generally used in the field of polyester-related spinning, there is an oil agent containing an alkyl phosphate ester salt as a main component. However, although this oil agent has relatively little roll-up, it has poor antistatic properties and poor fiber cohesiveness under low humidity conditions, and has the problem of increased tackiness due to moisture absorption of the oil agent under high humidity conditions. In order to improve the above problems, regarding alkyl phosphate esters synthesized from higher alcohols and phosphoric anhydride, examination of the component ratio forming the esters,
Studies have been carried out on the alkyl chain length and alkali to neutralize the alkyl phosphate ester.
On the other hand, studies are also being conducted on the use of various ionic and nonionic surfactants as antistatic agents and sizing agents. However, when an alkyl phosphate ester salt is used as a main component of a spinning oil, and attempts are made to improve antistatic properties and focusing properties, it is not possible to avoid an increase in stickiness due to moisture absorption of the oil under high humidity. On the other hand, if you try to prevent sticking under high humidity, you will not be able to obtain a product with good antistatic properties or focusing properties, and if you use a nonionic surfactant as the main component, Under humid conditions, there is a problem that roller sticking during the spinning process increases due to tackiness due to moisture absorption of the oil agent, and antistatic properties are not necessarily sufficient under low humidity conditions. In short, an oil agent that exhibits uniformly excellent effects in a range from high temperature and high humidity to low temperature and low humidity has not yet been provided. <Problems to be Solved by the Invention and Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention solves the conventional problems as described above, and provides a new polyester fiber that is less affected by temperature and humidity and meets the above-mentioned demands. The present invention provides a spinning oil for use in textiles. However, as a result of intensive research from the above viewpoint, the present inventors have found that an oil agent containing a potassium salt of a higher fatty acid having 8 to 18 carbon atoms as the main component and three specific components in predetermined proportions is correct and suitable. This finding led to the completion of the present invention. That is, the present invention uses potassium salts of higher fatty acids having 8 to 18 carbon atoms in 50 to
90% by weight, 30% by weight or less of component A below, and 5 to 40% by weight of component B below. Component A: a component selected from the group of quaternary ammonium salts shown in Formula 1 below, imidazolinium salts shown in Formula 2, and polyoxyalkylene alkyl (or alkenyl) amino ethers shown in Formula 3 below. Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 3 Component B: polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester shown in the following formula 4 and polyoxyalkylene alkyl (or alkenyl) shown in the same formula 5
Component selected from the group of ethers Formula 4 R ¹ COO(AO)pR ⁷ Formula 5 R ⁶ O(AO)PH However, in the formulas of component A and component B, R ¹ : Alkyl group or alkenyl group having 7 to 17 carbon atoms R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ : Same or non-identical carbon number 1 to
_{3. Alkyl} ^group _{_ _ _} ^{_ _ _} ~3 AO: Single or mixed oxyalkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms A'O: Same as above a+b: 2-40 p: 1-50 In the present invention, higher fatty acid of potassium salt of higher fatty acid blended as a main component of oil agent It is a saturated or unsaturated higher fatty acid containing straight or branched chains with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, such as caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid. acid,
Examples include stearic acid and oleic acid, but lauric acid is preferred. In this case, if the higher fatty acid has less than 8 carbon atoms, it will have a strong odor, and if it has more than 18 carbon atoms, it will have low water solubility, and both are not suitable for practical use. In addition, salts other than potassium salts have low water solubility;
The antistatic property is also insufficient, making it difficult to obtain the desired effect of the present invention. The above potassium salts of higher fatty acids can be obtained either by neutralizing higher fatty acids with potassium hydroxide or by saponifying and decomposing glycerides of higher fatty acids such as animal and vegetable oils.
The potassium salt of higher fatty acid thus obtained has a hard appearance and low hygroscopicity. In the present invention, the blending ratio of the potassium salt of higher fatty acid is 50 to 90% by weight in the oil agent. If it exceeds 90% by weight, antistatic properties and focusing properties will be insufficient under low humidity conditions, and if it is less than 50% by weight, cylinder or roller wrapping will occur frequently under high temperature and high humidity conditions. In the present invention, specific examples of component A include N-ethyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-lauroylamidopropylammonium ethosulfate, N,N,N -Trimethyl-N-stearoylamide propylammonium nitrate, etc., and as the imidazolinium salt represented by the above formula 2, N-ethyl-N(β-hydroxyethyl)-oleylimidazolinium ethosulfate, N-
-Methyl-N(β-aminoethyl) lauryl imidazolinium methosulfate, etc., and as the polyoxyalkylene alkyl (or alkenyl) amino ether represented by the above formula 3, polyoxyethylene (8 mol) lauryl amino ether,
Examples include random adducts of stearylamine with polyoxyethylene (25 moles) and polyoxypropylene (5 moles). In the present invention, the blending ratio of component A as described above is 30% by weight or less in the oil agent. If it exceeds 30% by weight, cylinders and rollers will often get stuck under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Further, in the present invention, specific examples of component B include polyoxyalkylene fatty acid esters represented by formula 4, such as polyethylene glycol (MW1000) stearate, polyethylene glycol (MW600) dioleate, and polyoxyethylene laurate (10 mol). There are polyoxypropylene (1 mol) random adducts, etc., and polyoxyalkylene alkyl (or alkenyl) ethers represented by the above formula 5 include polyoxyethylene (8 mol) oleyl ether, polyoxyethylene (10 mol) lauryl, etc. Ether, stearyl alcohol polyoxyethylene (30 moles) polyoxypropylene (5 moles) block adducts, etc. In the present invention, the blending ratio of component B as described above is 5 to 40% by weight in the oil agent. If it is less than 5% by weight, the cohesiveness will be insufficient under low humidity conditions, and if it exceeds 40% by weight, cylinder or roller wrapping will occur frequently under high temperature and high humidity conditions. <Effects, etc.> To treat polyester fibers with the oil agent according to the present invention, it may be applied to spinning filaments during the polyester fiber manufacturing process, or applied to spinning filaments during drawing or other tows by dipping, spraying, or other methods. It may be applied to a staple fiber, or it may be applied to a staple fiber. Furthermore, in the case of rose hair dyeing, it may be treated in the dyeing process,
It may also be processed in a spinning mill. The amount of the oil agent according to the present invention applied to polyester fibers is preferably 0.01 to 2%, preferably 0.05 to 0.5%. Examples of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. <Examples, etc.> - Test Category 1 The oils of the Examples and Comparative Examples shown in Table-1 were collected in a shear dish (90 mmφ) so that the active ingredient amount was 1 g, and thoroughly dried at 100 ± 5°C for 1 hour. After measuring the weight of dry matter, 25℃ x 40%RH, 25℃ x 60%
It was left for 24 hours under RH and temperature and humidity of 25°C x 80% RH, and the moisture absorption rate was determined from the weight increase. Further 25℃×
The appearance of the sample after absorbing moisture at 80% RH was evaluated. The results are shown in Table-2.

【table】

【table】

[Table] As is clear from Table 2, the hygroscopicity of each example is low even under high temperature and medium humidity conditions and under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and the appearance under high humidity conditions is solid without stickiness. It is superior compared to This result shows that each of the examples is hardly affected by temperature and humidity, particularly high temperature and high humidity, and agrees well with the results of less cylinder wrapping and roller wrapping shown in Table 3 below. Incidentally, according to the results in Table 2, Comparative Example K is also good, but as shown in Table 3 below, this example has extremely poor antistatic properties.・Test Category 2 Antistatic properties, card passing properties, and cohesiveness were measured using the methods below for test fiber products prepared by treating polyester fibers using the oil shown in Table 1 using the methods below. The results are shown in Table-3. ... Preparation of test fiber products Polyester staple (1.5D x 38mm) was sprayed with 0.12% of each oil, dried at 80℃, and then heated to 25℃ x 40%RH, 25℃ x 60%RH and
It was aged for 24 hours at 25°C x 80% RH. ... Antistatic property measurement method The test fabric was passed through a small flat card tester to measure the electrostatic potential of the web. ...Card passing property measurement method When 20g of the test fiber product was passed through a card, the weight of the fiber wrapped around the cylinder was measured and expressed as a percentage of the weight of the supplied fiber. Cylinder winding (%) = {Weight of fiber wound around cylinder (g)/Weight of supplied fiber (g)} x
100...Method for Measuring Convergence The sliver obtained during the card passability measurement was passed through a drawing machine, and the drawing resistance of the obtained drawn sliver was measured. However, the sliver drawing resistance was calculated as the sliver drawing strength using the following formula. Sliver drawing strength = {Actually measured drawing resistance value (g) / Weight per 1m of sliver (g/m) Measurement conditions Trial length 160mm Drawing speed 100mm/min Number of twists 25 turns/m

[Table] From the results in Table 3, it is clear that each example is an excellent oil agent in terms of antistatic properties under low humidity, card passing properties under high humidity, and focusing properties. On the other hand, the oil agents of each comparative example are insufficient in at least one respect and are difficult to put into practical use. - Test Category 3 Test fibers prepared in the same manner as in Test Category 2 were subjected to a roller winding test in the drawing and spinning process under conditions of 30°C and 80% RH. The results are shown in Table-4.

【table】

[Table] From the results in Table 4, it can be seen that under high temperature and high humidity conditions, each of the Examples had less rolling around the drawing roller and the spinning roller, whereas each Comparative Example had a lot of rolling around. it is obvious. As for Comparative Example K, as shown in Table 3 above, the antistatic property was extremely poor and it was difficult to put it into practical use. <Effects of the Invention> As explained above, the present invention has the effect that excellent spinnability can be imparted to polyester fibers even under high temperature and high humidity conditions, without being affected by temperature and humidity. There is.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. 50 potassium salts of higher fatty acids having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
-90% by weight, 30% by weight or less of the following component A, and 5 to 40% by weight of the following component B. Component A: a component selected from the group of quaternary ammonium salts shown in Formula 1 below, imidazolinium salts shown in Formula 2, and polyoxyalkylene alkyl (or alkenyl) amino ethers shown in Formula 3 below. Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 3 Component B: Component selected from the group of polyoxyalkylene fatty acid esters shown in the following formula 4 and polyoxyalkylene alkyl (or alkenyl) ethers shown in the same formula 5 Formula 4 R ¹ COO (AO) pR ⁷ Formula 5 R ⁶ O (AO)PH However, in the formulas of component A and component B, R ¹ : Alkyl group or alkenyl group having 7 to 17 carbon atoms R ² , R ³ , R ⁴ : Same or different carbon numbers 1 to 1
_{3. Alkyl} ^group _{_ _ _} ^{_ _ _} ~3 AO: Single or mixed oxyalkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms A'O: Same as above a + b : 2-40 p: 1-50