JPS6363260B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention is applicable to waste wood of various sizes (including industrial wood materials such as wood chips discharged from sawmills, old furniture, and old pallets), agriculture and forestry. To finely crush waste, bulky garbage such as chests of drawers, tatami mats, and carpets from households, waste paper, waste vinyl, waste plastics, and various other industrial wastes so that they can be easily reused or disposed of in landfills. Regarding the crusher.

(Prior art) Depending on the type of waste, the various wastes mentioned above are recycled into boiler fuel, particle board, pulp raw material for paper manufacturing, etc., and those that cannot be recycled are disposed of in landfills. If it is left as it is, it cannot be recycled, and even if it is to be disposed of in a landfill, if it is too bulky, there will be great disadvantages in terms of transportability and landfill space, so it has been desired to appropriately grind it to a certain particle size. For this purpose, a high-order rotation hammer mill is used in some places.
Inserting the above waste directly into the hammer mill,
When the waste is bulky, it has been roughly crushed in advance and then fed into the crusher to be crushed into chips.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the above-mentioned hammer mill, waste is generally introduced from the top of the high-speed rotary body and the pulverized material is taken out from the bottom, so the residence time of the pulverized material is short. The grinding speed is short, so there is a risk that sufficient pulverization may not be achieved, and coarse materials such as old pallets and furniture cannot be directly fed into the hammer mill due to its small structure and processing capacity. Because of this, it is necessary to first coarsely crush and then crush as described above, which takes a lot of man-hours, requires large-scale equipment to process coarse materials all at once, and requires expensive equipment investment. The power required for crushing is also large, and it is also necessary to construct a dedicated foundation, resulting in high running costs. Moreover, there was also the problem of high vibration and noise.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and aims to increase processing efficiency and achieve uniform pulverization by performing coarse pulverization and pulverization in the same device.
We have developed a new crusher that can process a wide range of waste materials, including resin products such as nylon or vinyl, concrete scraps, iron scraps, etc., all in one go, with low vibration and noise. This is what we intend to provide.

(Means and Embodiments for Solving the Problems) The structure of the present invention for achieving the above object will be explained based on the attached embodiment diagrams. Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing one embodiment of the crusher of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, Fig. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view taken along the line -
5 is an enlarged view of the line portion in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the line portion in FIG. 2. That is, the waste treatment crusher of the present invention has a rectangular box-shaped casing 1 having a shredded material inlet 11 in the upper part and a shredded material outlet 12 in the lower part.
The blades are mounted parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction within the casing 1, and have spiral blades 21 and 21' projecting from the circumferential body in an inclined state in the direction of extrusion, compression and cutting of the material to be crushed, and rotate oppositely to each other. a twin-shaft screw for crushing 2, which performs an extrusion compression/cutting action of the spiral blades 21, 21' in an alternating manner to compress, shear, and coarsely crush the material to be crushed and transfer it to the lower part;
2', and a large number of disk plates 31 which are shaft-mounted in the lower part between the biaxial screws 2, 2' in parallel thereto and have cutting blades 311 whose cutting edges are oriented in the direction of rotation.
. . . attached to the inner surface of the casing 1 in the vicinity of the rotation shaft 3, and as the cutting blades 311 rotate, the two-shaft screws 2, 2' a fixed blade 4 that finely breaks the crushed material transferred from the cutting blade 311 by cooperative compressive shearing action with the cutting blade 311;
The main feature is that the screen 5 is equipped at the opening of the screen 5.

In the figure, the entire upper surface of the casing 1 is opened and serves as an input port 11 for materials to be crushed.
A shutter 13 that expands upward is installed. Furthermore, an outlet 12 narrowed in the width direction is provided on the bottom surface of the casing 1 over substantially the entire length thereof.

The two-shaft screws 2, 2' for coarse crushing and the rotary shaft 3 for crushing are connected to the frame walls 10, 10 at both left and right ends of the casing 1.
are rotatably supported via flange units 20, 20', and 30, respectively. This frame wall 1
0 and 10 are the base plate 101, as shown in FIG.
Divided into a horizontal holding plate 102 and an upper holding plate 103,
These base plate 101, horizontal press plate 102, upper press plate 103, and the flange units 20, 2
0', 30, the frame wall 10,
The shaft support relationship between the coarse crushing two-shaft screws 2, 2' and the crushing rotary shaft 3 at 10 is maintained, and grooves 1011, 1021, 10 are provided on each matching surface.
31 and protrusions 201, 201, 301 are formed, and by fitting these grooves and protrusions along the longitudinal direction, each component can be inserted and removed in the direction of arrow a as shown in Fig. 6, and maintenance thereof can be carried out. It is becoming easier to use. Furthermore, hydraulic shock dampers 22, 22 are connected to one screw 2 of the two-shaft screws 2, 2' in the opposite direction to the other screw 2', and a load is suddenly applied to the two-shaft screws 2, 2'. When this happens, care is taken to retract the screw 2 against the set pressure of the shock dampers 22, 22 to prevent mechanical damage to the screw 2. Such a shock damper 2
2 and 22, the function of moving the screw 2 freely forward and backward is that the flange unit 20 is attached to the frame wall 10.
This is maintained by a slidable assembly relationship in the direction of arrow b.

As shown in FIG. 2, the two-shaft screws 2 and 2' are rotatable in opposite directions (directions of arrows A and A') by a motor (not shown). Along with the above rotation, arrow B,
Spiral blades 21, 21' of a certain size are protruded so as to push the material to be crushed in the direction B' and have a clearance so that they do not come into contact with each other.
It is slanted in the B' direction, and its tip has a beak-shaped cross section facing in the same direction. The spiral blade 21 of one of the screws 2 is provided with a notch 211 as shown in the figure, so that the material to be crushed is efficiently bitten between the two screws 21, 21'. Furthermore, the two-shaft screws 2 and 2' are made to detect the current of the drive motor with a meter relay, and when a material to be crushed that exceeds the capacity is thrown in, the screw rotates forward and reverse repeatedly to crush it little by little. It is also desirable to add electrical control to automatically stop the crushing when it is impossible to crush the crusher even after carrying out electrically pre-stored operations.

The crushing rotating shaft 3 is moved by a motor (not shown) as shown by arrow C.
A large number of disk plates 3 are connected to this rotating shaft 3 via a large number of spacers 32...
1... are integrated into a ring at equal intervals. Each disc plate 31 is provided with a plurality of cutting blades 311 whose cutting edges are oriented in the direction of the arrow C.
12... is provided in a detachable manner.
Three cutting blades 311 are provided at every 120° with respect to the disk plate 31, and the position of the cutting blades 311 gradually shifts phase between adjacent disk plates 31, so that when viewed from the entire rotating shaft 3, the cutting blades 311 form a spiral shape. It is preferable that it be placed. It goes without saying that the number of cutting blades 311 can be changed as appropriate depending on the type of material to be crushed or the desired particle size of the material to be crushed.

A large number of fixed blades 4 are arranged in a comb-teeth shape on the inner surface of the casing 1 in the direction of rotation near the side of the rotating shaft 3, and the cutting edges of the fixed blades 4 are arranged at the respective disc plates 31...
It is located between. These fixed blades 4 are divided into several blocks, and each block is held in the casing 1 via a hinge 41 so as to be able to swing back and forth, and a hydraulic shock damper 42 is connected to the rear end of each block. ,
When an impact force stronger than the set pressure of the shock damper 42 is applied to the upper surface of the hinge piece 411 or the fixed blade 4, the hinge piece 411 or the fixed blade 4 will retreat, thereby reducing damage. The fixed blade 4 in the present invention functions to finely crush the crushed material from the twin screws 2, 2' by shearing action with the cutting blades 311 as the rotating shaft 3 rotates. As long as this function is achieved, a structure that is completely fixed to the inner surface of the casing 1 or a structure that is linearly integrated in the longitudinal direction of the casing 1 is not excluded. Although the fixed blade 4 in the illustrated example is capable of swinging back and forth, it should be maintained at a predetermined position during normal use, so it is naturally included in the concept of the fixed blade 4 in the present invention. In addition, in the illustrated example, a number of scrapers 321 are fixed to the inner surface of the casing 1 on the opposite side of the fixed blade 4 in the vicinity of the rotating shaft 3, with their tips touching the circumferential body of the spacer 32. However, the scraper 321 is preferably used to prevent a vinyl sheet or the like from getting entangled with the rotating shaft 3 when inserted. The two-shaft screws 2, 2' and the rotary shaft 3 may be driven together by a single motor through a gear or chain, or each may be controlled by connecting a motor separately, or the two-shaft screw It goes without saying that the choice should be made as appropriate depending on the installation conditions and the like, such as connecting the rotating shafts 2 and 2' as a pair to one motor, or connecting the rotary shaft 3 to another motor to drive each separately.

The outlet 12 opened at the bottom of the casing 1 is equipped with a screen 5, which controls the particle size of the finely crushed material through the action of the cutting blades 311 of the crushing rotating shaft 3 and the fixed blade 4. It is designed to be discharged in a uniform manner. The screen 5 is curved to have an arcuate cross-section, is pivoted to the casing 1 at one end thereof, and can swing up and down using this pivot point as a fulcrum, and is normally supported by a hydraulic shock damper 5.
1, and when an impact force stronger than the set pressure of the shock damper 51 is applied, the shock damper 51 retreats and the screen 5 falls down to avoid the influence of the impact.

Inside the shooter 13 installed above the input port 11, there are provided a plurality of pressing members 14 operated by an air cylinder or hydraulic cylinder 141 outside the shooter 13. The pressing member 14...... uses the support shaft 142 outside the shooter 13 as a fulcrum, and supports the hydraulic cylinder 14.
1, the slit 151 of the urethane rubber sheet 15 stretched over an opening spaced apart from the side wall of the shooter 13 is pierced through and swung inward. Such pressing member 14...
functions to push the material to be crushed in the shooter 13 into the input port 11, and is not limited to the illustrated example.

(Function) In the crusher of the present invention having the above configuration, the input port 1
The material to be crushed that is fed from 1 reaches the twin screws 2 and 2' for coarse crushing, and is extruded, compressed and cut in a staggered manner by spiral blades 21 and 21' protruding from the twin screws 2 and 2'. It is sheared and crushed by the action. In particular, since the spiral blades 21, 21' are inclined in the direction of extrusion, the shearing force acts effectively to extremely quickly shear and crush anything from a soft sheet-like object to a rigid object such as a concrete block.
Further, as in the embodiment, the spiral blades 21, 21'
This shearing force becomes even more pronounced when the cross-sectional shape of the distal end is sharpened into a beak shape.

The material to be crushed, which has been coarsely crushed by the twin screws 2 and 2', is transferred downward from between them by the rotating action of the twin screws 2 and 2', and onto the rotating shaft 3 for crushing. Then, due to the action of the cutting blades 311 and the fixed blade 4 attached to the inner surface of the casing 1 as the rotating shaft 3 rotates, it is broken and finely pulverized. The crushed material that has been pulverized is sent to screen 5.
The particle size is adjusted by , and the particles are discharged from the apparatus through the outlet 12 .

In this way, in the crusher of the present invention, the twin screws 2, 2' for coarse crushing and the rotary shaft 3 for crushing coexist in the casing 1, and coarse crushing and crushing are performed continuously. , the desired crushed material can be obtained extremely efficiently regardless of the type and size of the crushed material. Moreover, since the above-mentioned coarse crushing can be performed at any part of the twin screw screws 2 and 2', the entire upper surface of the casing 1 can be opened and used as the input port 11, and old pallets, old furniture, tatami mats, carpets, etc. Even large amounts of waste can be directly input. In addition, since the two-shaft screws 2, 2' and the rotating shaft 3 are driven at low speed,
Unlike crushers such as hammer mills, it promises low-vibration and low-noise crushing operations, and saves power despite its large processing capacity.

Furthermore, as in the embodiment, if the shooter 13 is installed above the input port 11 and the shooter 13 is equipped with the above-mentioned pressing member 14, or if the spiral blade 21 is provided with an appropriate notch 211, it can be made lightweight and bulky. Tall sheet-like objects, resin containers, and the like can be quickly crushed into pieces without being stuck in the input port 11 by the pushing operation of the holding member 14 and the biting action of the notch 211. Furthermore, a hydraulic shock damper 2 is installed on one side of the twin screws 2 and 2' for coarse crushing.
If the fixed blade 4 and the screen 5 are connected with hydraulic shock dampers 42 and 51 to enable swinging due to impact, rigid iron scraps and concrete blocks can be Even if a large impact is suddenly applied upon injection, the impact force applied to each member is alleviated by the action of these shock dampers, thereby preventing damage. In addition, the cutting blade 311 is made detachable from the disk plate 31, and the twin screws 2, 2' and the crushing rotating shaft 3 are disassembled from the frame walls 10, 10 of the casing 1 as described above. If it is mounted on the shaft in the same state, it will also be convenient for maintenance. In addition, if the scraper 321 is fixedly installed in the casing 1, even sheet-like soft waste will not get entangled with the rotating shaft 3, and smooth processing operations can be maintained.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and that other changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

(Effect of the invention) As mentioned above, the waste treatment crusher of the present invention has the following advantages:
Since coarse crushing and crushing are carried out simultaneously within the casing 1, the crushing process is extremely efficient and uniform into chips regardless of the type of object to be crushed. Moreover, before fine pulverization, a twin screw screw 2,
Since the powder is coarsely crushed by the spiral blades 21 and 21' of 2', a large load is not applied to the rotating shaft 3 for crushing, and therefore the power required as a whole is relatively small, and the initial cost and running cost are reduced. It is small and does not require large-scale equipment investment such as construction of a foundation, and can be used in a portable manner by installing the entire crusher on the bed of a truck, making it extremely convenient. Especially the two-shaft screw 2,
Since the spiral blades 21 and 21' of 2' are inclined in the direction of extrusion of the material to be crushed, the shearing force of the two in the opposite direction is large and coarse crushing is carried out extremely efficiently. In addition, since coarse crushing is performed at any part of the twin-screw screws 2 and 2', the entire top surface of the casing 1 can be used as the input port 11, and even coarse waste can be input and processed as it is even though it is a compact device. I can do it. Furthermore, since the two-shaft screws 2, 2' and the rotary shaft 3, which are the main sources of power for the device of the present invention, both rotate at low speed, there is low vibration and low noise, and there is less impact on the surroundings as with conventional hammer mills. , and power saving can be achieved despite the large processing capacity. The crushed material obtained by this crusher is chip-shaped and has uniform particle size, so when it is solidified, it is easy to transport and handle, and is suitable for recycling, landfilling, etc. of such waste. A series of processing becomes extremely simple, and together with the above effects, this brings about great social benefits.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a partially cutaway front view showing one embodiment of the crusher of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line - - of Fig. 2, and Fig. 4 is a line taken along the line of Fig. 2. FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the line portion in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the line portion in FIG. 2. (Explanation of symbols), 1...Casing, 11...
Crushed material input port, 12...Crushed material outlet, 2,
2'... Biaxial screw, 21, 21'... Spiral blade, 3... Rotating shaft for crushing, 31... Disc plate, 311... Cutting blade, 4... Fixed blade, 5...
screen.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A rectangular box-shaped casing 1 having a shredded material inlet 11 at the upper part and a shredded material outlet 12 at the lower part, and spiral blades 21, 21 mounted in the casing 1 in parallel along the longitudinal direction, and spiral blades 21, 21 on the surrounding body. The spiral blades 21 and 2 are provided with projecting blades that are inclined in the direction of extrusion of the material to be crushed, and rotate oppositely to each other.
A coarse crushing twin-screw screw 2, 2' which performs an alternating extrusion action to shear and coarsely crush the material to be crushed and transfers it to the lower part; A crushing rotating shaft 3 in which a large number of disk plates 31 having cutting blades 311 whose cutting edges are oriented in the rotational direction are arranged in parallel and arranged at intervals, and the rotating shaft 3 of the casing 1 It is attached to the inner surface of the vicinity, and as the cutting blades 311...... rotate, the crushed material transferred from the twin screws 2, 2' is broken into fine pieces by the cooperative shearing action with the cutting blades 311... A waste processing crusher comprising a fixed blade 4 and a screen 5 installed at the opening of the outlet 12.