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JPS6367421B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS6367421B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6367421B2
JPS6367421B2 JP58082933A JP8293383A JPS6367421B2 JP S6367421 B2 JPS6367421 B2 JP S6367421B2 JP 58082933 A JP58082933 A JP 58082933A JP 8293383 A JP8293383 A JP 8293383A JP S6367421 B2 JPS6367421 B2 JP S6367421B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
inverter
voltage
reactive power
circuit
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP58082933A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS59209029A (en
Inventor
Masayoshi Kumano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority to JP58082933A priority Critical patent/JPS59209029A/en
Publication of JPS59209029A publication Critical patent/JPS59209029A/en
Publication of JPS6367421B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6367421B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Landscapes

  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Voltage And Current In General (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 この発明は、電池出力を交流に変換して、電力
系統に給電する給電装置に関するもので、特に電
力変換器として自励式インバータを用いた給電装
置に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a power supply device that converts battery output into alternating current and supplies power to a power grid, and particularly relates to a power supply device that uses a self-excited inverter as a power converter.

太陽電池や燃料電池の出力を交流に変換する電
力変換器として、自励式インバータと他励式イン
バータがあるが、前者は独立電源として運転可能
なこと、無効電力の問題がないなどの利点があ
る。
There are two types of power converters that convert the output of solar cells and fuel cells into alternating current: self-excited inverters and separately excited inverters. The former has the advantage of being able to operate as an independent power source and not having problems with reactive power.

処で太陽電池や燃料電池の出力電圧は、出力電
流によつて大巾に変化する。第1図にその特性例
を示すごとく太陽電池の場合は特に顕著である。
この為、従来の自励式インバータではよく知られ
たパルス巾変調(PWM)インバータを用い、直
流入力電圧と交流出力電圧の比を調整し、所望の
出力電圧値を得ていた。第2図はPWMインバー
タの出力波形の1例を示したもので、1は出力波
形、2は正弦波の変調波である。PWMインバー
タの出力波形1は個々のパルス巾が正弦波で変調
されたくし状波で、その波高値は直流入力電圧に
相当する、よつて、全体のパルス巾を変えること
により、余り高調波含有率を増加させることな
く、入力電圧と出力電圧の比を任意に調整するこ
とが出来る。
However, the output voltage of solar cells and fuel cells varies widely depending on the output current. This is particularly noticeable in the case of solar cells, as shown in FIG. 1, an example of its characteristics.
For this reason, conventional self-commutated inverters use a well-known pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter to adjust the ratio of DC input voltage to AC output voltage to obtain the desired output voltage value. Figure 2 shows an example of the output waveform of a PWM inverter, where 1 is the output waveform and 2 is a sine wave modulation wave. The output waveform 1 of the PWM inverter is a comb wave whose individual pulse width is modulated by a sine wave, and its peak value corresponds to the DC input voltage. Therefore, by changing the overall pulse width, the harmonic content can be reduced. The ratio of input voltage to output voltage can be adjusted arbitrarily without increasing the voltage.

しかし、PWMインバータは、出力の1サイク
ル中に多数回のスイツチングが必要で、効率が低
下する欠点があつた。
However, PWM inverters require multiple switching operations during one output cycle, resulting in reduced efficiency.

この発明は、電力系統に給電する場合、インバ
ータ起動時はPWM制御を行ない、出力電圧を
除々に増加させ、電力系統の電圧に一致させる様
に調整するが、系統並入後は、PWM制御を停止
し、インバータ出力電圧の系統電圧に対する位相
のみ制御することにより、上記、従来の欠点を除
去しようとするものである。
When supplying power to a power grid, this invention performs PWM control when starting the inverter to gradually increase the output voltage and adjust it to match the voltage of the power grid. This is an attempt to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional method by stopping the inverter and controlling only the phase of the inverter output voltage with respect to the system voltage.

他の目的は、インバータの出力にトランスを設
ける場合、インバータの起動時、出力電圧を除々
に増加させることにより、トランスの突入電流を
防止するものである。
Another purpose is to prevent inrush current of the transformer by gradually increasing the output voltage when the inverter starts up when a transformer is provided at the output of the inverter.

以下この発明を実施例を用いて説明する。第3
図はこの発明の実施例を示す構成図である。図に
於て11は太陽電池(1次電池)12は自励イン
バータ(以下、インバータという)、13はトラ
ンス、14はシヤ断器、15は電力系統、16は
インバータ及びシステムの制御装置を示す。制御
装置16は、無効電力指令回路21、無効電力検
出器22、無効電力制御回路23、位相差検出器
24、位相制御回路25、PWM回路26インバ
ータゲート回路27、PWM通流率指令回路28
同期検定回路29より成る。
This invention will be explained below using examples. Third
The figure is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 11 is a solar cell (primary battery), 12 is a self-excited inverter (hereinafter referred to as an inverter), 13 is a transformer, 14 is a shear disconnector, 15 is a power system, and 16 is an inverter and system control device. . The control device 16 includes a reactive power command circuit 21, a reactive power detector 22, a reactive power control circuit 23, a phase difference detector 24, a phase control circuit 25, a PWM circuit 26, an inverter gate circuit 27, and a PWM duty ratio command circuit 28.
It consists of a synchronization verification circuit 29.

第4図は、第3図の実施例の説明図で、図中、
31はPWM通流率指令パターン、32は、太陽
電池11の出力(インバータ12の直流入力電圧
(以下、入力電圧という。))電圧、33はインバ
ータ12の交流出力電圧(以下、出力電圧とい
う。)、34は系統電圧、35は電力系統15への
供給電力である。以下、第3図、第4図を用いて
動作を説明する。
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the embodiment shown in FIG.
31 is a PWM conduction rate command pattern, 32 is an output (DC input voltage of the inverter 12 (hereinafter referred to as input voltage)) voltage, and 33 is an AC output voltage of the inverter 12 (hereinafter referred to as output voltage). ), 34 is the system voltage, and 35 is the power supplied to the power system 15. The operation will be explained below using FIGS. 3 and 4.

最初、シヤ断器14が開放され、インバータ1
2が停止しているとする。この時太陽電池出力電
圧は、無負荷の為、第1図に示す最大値を示して
いる。今、時刻toに於てインバータ12を起動す
ると、位相差検出器24が、インバータ12の出
力電圧と系統電圧の位相差を検出し、位相制御回
路25は、上記位相差が零となる様にインバータ
12のゲート駆動位相を制御する。一方、PWM
通流率指令回路28は、第4図31に示すごとく
当初零より除々に通流率を増加させる。PWM回
路26は、この信号を受けて、パルス巾を増加さ
せ、この変調パルスを基にインバータゲート回路
27を介してインバータ12を駆動する。この結
果、第4図に示すごとく、インバータ入力電圧3
2は一定であるが、インバータ出力電圧33は
除々に増加する。この様にして時刻t1に於て電力
系統15とインバータ12の出力の電圧値及び位
相が一致すれば同期検定回路29が作動し、通流
率の増加を停止、保持せしめると共に、シヤ断器
14を投入し、インバータ出力を電力系統15に
並入する。さらに、これまで凍結していた無効電
力制御回路23を解除する。この結果、無効電力
検出器22で検出された並入点の無効電力が、無
効電力指令回路21により与えられた値に等しく
なる様に制御される。今、同指令として零を与え
ていれば、シヤ断器14投入による系統並入当初
無効電力は零である為、何ら変化は起らない。所
定時間後、時刻t2に於て再び通流率を増加させる
と、インバータ出力電圧は増加しようとするが、
これに伴ない無効電力も増加しようとし、無効電
力制御回路23の働きにより、インバータ12の
位相を制御する位相制御回路に進み指令を与える
こととなり、インバータ12からの電力系統15
への供給電力は増加する。この結果、太陽電池1
1の出力電流が増加し出力電圧は第4図32に示
すごとく低下する。そしてPWMの通流率の増加
にかかわらず、インバータ出力電圧はほぼ一定
(無効電力=0)に保たれる。この様にして系統
並入後、PWMの通流率を増大させ、最終的には
最大通流率に達した時刻t3に於て、PWM制御を
停止させる。なおPWM回路26として三角波と
正弦波や方形波を比較する方式に於ては通流率を
限界値以上に増加させれば、結果的にPWM制御
を停止する。電力系統15に並入(シヤ断器14
を投入)後、PWM制御を停止すればインバータ
12の入力電圧と出力電圧の比は一定になる。す
なわち、インバータ12の出力電圧(トランス1
3のインバータ側電圧)は、インバータ12の入
力電圧(太陽電池11の出力電圧)に比例する。
Initially, the shear disconnector 14 is opened and the inverter 1
Assume that 2 is stopped. At this time, the solar cell output voltage shows the maximum value shown in FIG. 1 because there is no load. Now, when the inverter 12 is started at time to, the phase difference detector 24 detects the phase difference between the output voltage of the inverter 12 and the grid voltage, and the phase control circuit 25 detects the phase difference so that the phase difference becomes zero. Controls the gate drive phase of the inverter 12. On the other hand, PWM
The conductivity command circuit 28 gradually increases the conductivity from zero initially as shown in FIG. 431. PWM circuit 26 receives this signal, increases the pulse width, and drives inverter 12 via inverter gate circuit 27 based on this modulated pulse. As a result, as shown in Fig. 4, the inverter input voltage 3
2 is constant, but the inverter output voltage 33 gradually increases. In this way, at time t1 , if the voltage value and phase of the output of the power system 15 and the inverter 12 match, the synchronization verification circuit 29 is activated, stops and maintains the increase in conduction rate, and also switches off the shear breaker. 14 is turned on, and the inverter output is input into the power system 15 in parallel. Furthermore, the reactive power control circuit 23 that has been frozen until now is released. As a result, the reactive power at the parallel entry point detected by the reactive power detector 22 is controlled to be equal to the value given by the reactive power command circuit 21. Now, if zero is given as the same command, no change will occur because the initial reactive power when the system is paralleled by the shear disconnector 14 is turned on is zero. After a predetermined time, when the conduction rate is increased again at time t2 , the inverter output voltage tries to increase, but
Along with this, the reactive power also tends to increase, and by the action of the reactive power control circuit 23, a command is given to the phase control circuit that controls the phase of the inverter 12, and the power grid 15 from the inverter 12
The power supplied to will increase. As a result, solar cell 1
The output current of 1 increases and the output voltage decreases as shown in FIG. 4, 32. And regardless of the increase in the PWM conduction rate, the inverter output voltage is kept almost constant (reactive power = 0). In this way, after joining the grid, the conduction rate of PWM is increased, and finally, at time t3 when the maximum conduction rate is reached, PWM control is stopped. In addition, in a method that compares a triangular wave with a sine wave or a square wave as the PWM circuit 26, if the conduction rate is increased beyond the limit value, the PWM control will be stopped as a result. Parallel to power system 15 (shear disconnector 14
If the PWM control is stopped after the inverter 12 is turned on), the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage of the inverter 12 becomes constant. In other words, the output voltage of the inverter 12 (transformer 1
3) is proportional to the input voltage of the inverter 12 (the output voltage of the solar cell 11).

一方、トランス13には、1次・2次間にリー
ケージインダクタンスを有するため、電力系統1
5の電圧位相に対し、インバータ12の出力電圧
の位相を例えば進めれば、インバータ12から電
力系統15へ供給される有効電力が増加(無効電
力が減少)する。この結果、インバータ12の直
流入力電流(太陽電池11の出力電流)が増加
し、第1図に示す太陽電池11の特性より、太陽
電池11の出力電圧、すなわちインバータ12の
入力電圧は低下する。従つて、比例関係にあるイ
ンバータ12の出力電圧も低下する。
On the other hand, since the transformer 13 has leakage inductance between the primary and secondary, the power system
For example, if the phase of the output voltage of the inverter 12 is advanced with respect to the voltage phase of No. 5, the active power supplied from the inverter 12 to the power system 15 increases (reactive power decreases). As a result, the DC input current of the inverter 12 (the output current of the solar cell 11) increases, and the output voltage of the solar cell 11, that is, the input voltage of the inverter 12, decreases according to the characteristics of the solar cell 11 shown in FIG. Therefore, the output voltage of the inverter 12, which is in a proportional relationship, also decreases.

このように、インバータ12のPWM制御を停
止し、インバータ12の入力電圧と出力電圧の比
が一定となつても、例えば、トランス13の2次
側の無効電力を検出してそれをフイードバツク
し、目標値との偏差に応じて、インバータ12の
電力系統15に対する位相を進めたり遅らせたり
して調整することにより、インバータ12の出力
電圧や入力電圧を安定に一定値に制御することが
できる。
In this way, even if the PWM control of the inverter 12 is stopped and the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage of the inverter 12 becomes constant, for example, reactive power on the secondary side of the transformer 13 is detected and fed back, The output voltage and input voltage of the inverter 12 can be stably controlled to a constant value by advancing or delaying the phase of the inverter 12 relative to the power system 15 according to the deviation from the target value.

なお、第3図の実施例に於ては無効電力一定制
御を行なつているが、無効電力の代りに、インバ
ータ12の出力電圧又は入力電圧の一定制御で
も、同様に行なうことが出来る。
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, constant reactive power control is performed, but instead of reactive power, constant control of the output voltage or input voltage of the inverter 12 may be used in the same manner.

又、上記実施例は1次電池として太陽電池を用
いた場合について説明したが、燃料電池を使用し
た場合も上記実施例とほぼ同様の動作を期待でき
る。
Furthermore, although the above embodiment has been described with reference to the case where a solar cell is used as the primary battery, substantially the same operation as in the above embodiment can be expected when a fuel cell is used.

以上の様に、この発明では、インバータ起動時
にはPWM制御を行ない、系統並入後はPWM制
御を停止し、インバータの位相のみにより出力を
制御するため、PWM制御に伴なうスイツチング
損失の増加を防ぎ、効率の向上を図ることが出来
る。
As described above, in this invention, PWM control is performed when the inverter is started, and PWM control is stopped after the grid is connected, and the output is controlled only by the inverter phase. This can be prevented and efficiency can be improved.

又、インバータ起動時にはPWM制御により、
除々に出力電圧を増加させるため、トランスの突
入電流を防止し、その分だけインバータの瞬時過
電流耐量を抑制することが出来る。
Also, when the inverter starts up, PWM control
Since the output voltage is gradually increased, inrush current of the transformer can be prevented, and the instantaneous overcurrent withstand capacity of the inverter can be suppressed accordingly.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は、太陽電池の特性例を示す説明図、第
2図はPWMインバータの波形例を示す説明図、
第3図はこの発明の一実施例を示す構成図、第4
図は、第3図の動作の説明図である。 図に於て11は太陽電池(1次電池)、12は
インバータ、13はトランス、14はシヤ断器、
15は電力系統、16は制御装置、24は位相差
検出器、25は位相制御回路、26はPWM回
路、28はPWM通流率指令回路、29は同期検
定回路、31はPWM通流率指令パターンであ
る。
Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of characteristics of a solar cell, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a waveform of a PWM inverter,
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
The figure is an explanatory diagram of the operation of FIG. 3. In the figure, 11 is a solar cell (primary battery), 12 is an inverter, 13 is a transformer, 14 is a shear breaker,
15 is a power system, 16 is a control device, 24 is a phase difference detector, 25 is a phase control circuit, 26 is a PWM circuit, 28 is a PWM duty ratio command circuit, 29 is a synchronization verification circuit, and 31 is a PWM duty ratio command. It's a pattern.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 直流電圧を供給する一次電池、 入力電圧である上記直流電圧を交流の出力電圧
に変換するインバータ、 上記出力電圧の大きさを変換しシヤ断器を介し
てその2次電圧を電力系統へ供給するトランス、 上記インバータの起動後は通流率を徐々に増加
させ、上記シヤ断器の投入後は上記通流率を所定
値に保持し、かつ所定時間後は上記通流率を再び
増加させて最大値にするPWM通流率指令回路、 このPWM通流率指令回路からの上記通流率に
基づいて上記インバータの入力電圧と出力電圧と
の比を制御し上記通流率が最大値になつたときそ
の制御を停止するパルス幅変調回路、 上記トランスの2次電圧と上記電力系統の系統
電圧の電圧及び位相がほぼ一致したときに上記シ
ヤ断器を投入する同期検定回路、 上記インバータの出力電圧と上記電力系統の系
統電圧との位相差を検出する位相差検出器、 無効電力の大きさを指令する無効電力指令回
路、 上記トランスの2次側の無効電力を検出する無
効電力検出器、 上記シヤ断器の投入後は上記無効電力検出器に
よつて検出された無効電力が上記無効電力指令回
路によつて指令された無効電力に一致するように
位相指令を出力する無効電力制御回路、 並びに 上記位相差及び位相指令に基づいて上記インバ
ータの位相を制御する位相制御回路 を備えたことを特徴とする1次電池を用いた給電
装置。
[Claims] 1. A primary battery that supplies a DC voltage, an inverter that converts the DC voltage that is an input voltage into an AC output voltage, and a secondary battery that converts the magnitude of the output voltage and connects it to a secondary battery via a shear disconnector. A transformer that supplies voltage to the power system; after the inverter is started, the conduction rate is gradually increased; after the shear disconnector is turned on, the conduction rate is maintained at a predetermined value; and after a predetermined time, the conduction rate is increased gradually. A PWM conduction rate command circuit that increases the current rate again to the maximum value, and controls the ratio between the input voltage and the output voltage of the inverter based on the conduction rate from this PWM conduction rate command circuit, and controls the ratio of the input voltage to the output voltage of the inverter to A pulse width modulation circuit that stops the control when the current rate reaches its maximum value, and a synchronization circuit that turns on the shear breaker when the secondary voltage of the transformer and the grid voltage of the power system are almost in phase with each other. a verification circuit, a phase difference detector that detects the phase difference between the output voltage of the inverter and the grid voltage of the power system, a reactive power command circuit that commands the magnitude of the reactive power, and a reactive power on the secondary side of the transformer. A reactive power detector for detecting, after the shear disconnector is turned on, a phase command is set so that the reactive power detected by the reactive power detector matches the reactive power commanded by the reactive power command circuit. A power supply device using a primary battery, comprising: a reactive power control circuit that outputs; and a phase control circuit that controls the phase of the inverter based on the phase difference and phase command.
JP58082933A 1983-05-10 1983-05-10 Power supply device using primary battery Granted JPS59209029A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58082933A JPS59209029A (en) 1983-05-10 1983-05-10 Power supply device using primary battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58082933A JPS59209029A (en) 1983-05-10 1983-05-10 Power supply device using primary battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59209029A JPS59209029A (en) 1984-11-27
JPS6367421B2 true JPS6367421B2 (en) 1988-12-26

Family

ID=13788028

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP58082933A Granted JPS59209029A (en) 1983-05-10 1983-05-10 Power supply device using primary battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59209029A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6320513A (en) * 1986-07-14 1988-01-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Power converting device for photovoltanic power-generating unit
JPH07106065B2 (en) * 1986-11-14 1995-11-13 四国電力株式会社 Inverter device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5316091B2 (en) * 1971-04-30 1978-05-30

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JPS59209029A (en) 1984-11-27

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